• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.52-62
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• 2008

This research is a follow-up study of the analysis of satisfaction and preference rates in bathroom design relevant to age variable. This project examines the satisfaction and preference rates relevant to the variety a family type. Mid-sized apartments most favored by the mid-class families were selected as the objects of the research so that they represent the present conditions in Korean bathroom designs most comprehensively. In order to maintain consistency in research objects, this article limited them to the top five brand-name apartments in the metropolitan area based on the brand popularity and construction capability. The method of the research was surveys; we were able to retrieve and analyze 427 copies through internet. The data were processed by SPSS PC+ windows version 15.0 program and were analyzed using the means, crosstabs statistics, One-way ANOVA. The results are as follows: 1) The most significant factor that determines the variety a family type is the existence of senior citizens in the household. 2) The preference of families with young children is mostly determined by elements related to the safety of the children. 3) The satisfaction and preference rates are closely related to family types of each household. We sincerely hope that this article will provide guidelines for customized bathroom designs based on the ages, life cycles, and socioeconomic status of the residents so that the desings will answer to the needs of each household.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.819-835
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• 2016

In this paper, the activities carried out within the EU funded Clean Sky Joint Technology Initiative (JTI GRA) Project and aimed at developing a morphing flap, are illustrated. The reference device is a regional aircraft single slotted flap, enhanced with deforming capabilities to obtain improved hyper-lift performance. The design started with the identification of the internal architecture, intended to allow camber variations. A concentrated-hinge architecture was selected, for its ability to fit different curvatures and for the possibility of easily realizing an "armadillo-like" configuration, then avoiding the use of a complicate deformable skin. The flap layout is made of segmented ribs, elastically hinged each other and span-wise connected by conventional spars. Relative rotations of the rib elements are forced by SMA structural actuators, i.e., cooperating in the external loads absorption. Super-elastic SMA are used to make up recovery elastic elements, necessary to regain the original shape after activation. These further elements in turn contribute to the overall flap rigidity. After assessing the hinge number and the size of the SMA active and passive elements, the advanced design phase was dealt with. It was aimed at solving manufacturing issues and producing the executive drawings. The realized demonstrator was finally tested in lab conditions to prove its functionality in terms of whether target shape actuation or attained shape preservation under loads. On the basis of the numerical results and the experimental outcomes, precious hints were obtained for further developments of the concept.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.1089-1109
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• 2016

Modified two-surface model (M2SM) is one of the steel elasto-plastic hysteretic constitutive models that consider both analysis accuracy and efficiency. However, when M2SM is used for complex strain history, sometimes the results are irrational due to the limitation of stress-strain path judgment. In this paper, the defect of M2SM was re-modified by improving the judgment of stress-strain paths. The accuracy and applicability of the improved method were verified on both material and structural level. Based on this improvement, the nonlinear time-history analysis was carried out for a deck-through steel arch bridge with a 200 m-long span under the ground motions of Chi-Chi earthquake and Niigata earthquake. In the analysis, we compared the results obtained by hysteretic constitutive models of improved two-surface model (I2SM) presented in this paper, M2SM and the bilinear kinematic hardening model (BKHM). Results show that, although the analysis precision of displacement response of different steel hysteretic models differs little from each other, the stress-strain responses of the structure are affected by steel hysteretic models apparently. The difference between the stress-strain responses obtained by I2SM and M2SM cannot be neglected. In significantly damaged areas, BKHM gives smaller stress result and obviously different strain response compared with I2SM and M2SM, and tends to overestimate the effect of hysteretic energy dissipation. Moreover, at some position with severe damage, BKHM may underestimate the size of seismic damaged areas. Different steel hysteretic models also have influences on structural damage evaluation results based on deformation behavior and low cycle fatigue, and may lead to completely different judgment of failure, especially in severely damaged areas.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.48 no.7
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• pp.3-14
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• 2006

The objective of this study was to develop a GIS-based decision support system (GIS-USLE system) to estimate soil erosion and evaluate its effect on concentrated upland plots in Godang district, Korea. This system was developed for the ArcView environment using A VENUE script. Three modules were used in the GIS-USLE system, namely pre-processing, the USLE factors calculator module, and post-processing. This system benefits from a user friendly environment that allows users with limited computer knowledge to use it. This system was applied to 1,285 individual upland plots ranging from 0.005 to 1.347 ha in size with an average slope steepness of 14 %. The rainfall distributions were estimated using the three methods, namely Mononobe and Yen-Chow with Triangle and with Trapezoid type, and then used to calculate the rainfall erosivity factor. The soil erosion amounts from the 1,285 individual plots in the study area by 2 year return period with a 24h maximum rainfall amount of 154.6 mm were estimated at 5 tons/ha on average. Slope appeared to be the most important factor affecting soil erosion estimation, as expected. The prototype model was applied to the project area, and the results appeared to support the practical applications. By examining many fields simultaneously, this system can easily provide fast estimation of soil erosion and thus reveal the spatial pattern of erosion from fields in a region. This study will help estimate and evaluate soil erosion in concentrated upland districts and identify the best management practices.

• Current Photovoltaic Research
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.182-188
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• 2014

For the dissemination of new and renewable energy, Korean government introduced a renewable portfolio standard (RPS) scheme in 2012 after terminating feed-in tariff (FIT) scheme that was introduced in 2004. With the RPS scheme, 64.7% of its own goal (95.7% in PV and 63.3% in non-PV) was achieved in 2012 and 67.2% of that (94.9% in PV, 65% in non-PV) was achieved in 2013. The deployment of PV systems met the goal very well and that of non-PV did not. Recently, Korean government revised the target year of supplying 10% electricity from new and renewable energy from 2022 to 2024 and released a couple of measures on PV area. Recent studies showed that the bankability of a project plays a key role for PV dissemination. Therefore, the dissemination should be assessed from the point of bankability under the RPS scheme and a little adjustment is necessary to achieve the goal. Especially, installing a small size PV (<100 kwp) system needs a minimum REC price or a FIT scheme. In non-PV area, permission process is a common bottleneck and the related regulation should be eased. In addition, to achieve the long term goal, an implementing scenario has to be prepared. Currently, the portion of the waste-gas energy originated from fossil fuel is too large among the new and renewable energy sources and the portion should be lowered or eliminated in the 10% of electricity supply goal. Seoul Metropolitan Government (SMG) has its own FIT scheme for PV dissemination from 2014 SMG and revised the PV tariff from 50 to 100 won/kwh in effective of 2015. It is worth to spread the other provinces.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.441-464
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• 2012

As prices of energy resources such as oil and gas started to rise steadily in 2000, energy security has been one of the most important topics in the world. To secure more energy, most of countries which are highly dependent on imported energy resources try to occupy oversea oil or gas reserves, thereby intensifying competition for energy resources around world. Under this circumstance, we focus on independent E&P companies since they are relatively small size companies which are suitable for M&A. We analyze investment option values for these E&P companies using a real option model for depletable resources. Based on analytical model, empirical study is provided to examine rationality of investment for energy companies. The result shows sufficient profitability for independent E&P companies in both oil and gas projects in the North America during 2004 to 2008. In Particular, oil projects were more feasible than gas project due to lower price of gas and high volatility of gas price at that time.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.54-62
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• 2014

Crowdfunding, a way of raising small size investments or donations from numerous individuals, mostly through internet to fund a project, has attracted global interests. The growth of the social network platform has made crowdfunding easier especially for those in the arts and culture sector. Despite the growth of such vehicle, there has been not much empirical research on the subject. We investigated the relationships between the information in the web sites and its contribution to the success in fundraising. We have sampled 161 projects that were uploaded on Tumblbug.com and studied the type of information that lead to a successful fund raise. As a result, we fould that the contents characteristics including motion-pictures, images, and lengthy texts have positive impacts on the success of fundraising. Fundraising rewards did not show any impacts.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.124-145
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• 2014

Market failure occurs when Pareto efficiency is not achieved through market mechanism. In order to solve this problem, government intervene market; paying great attention to the optimum state of resource allocation. However, as the size of government investment in R&D goes up, many professionals emphasize the importance in efficient management system. This work is the result of exploratory study to look into life-cycle management of governmental R&D program. Literature reviews and empirical research on governmental R&D programs elicit improvements for effective life-cycle management of governmental R&D program as follows: consistent discrimination between capital expenditure and recurring expenditure, dual management system by spending properties, implementing total cost management system in capital expenditure, and discrimination between preliminary feasibility study with confirming total program cost in recurring expenditure.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.187-212
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• 2020

It is expected that Gyeonggi-do Small Libraries will increase in quantity in the future due to the current SOC complex project being implemented by the government, and it is deemed that institutional and policy support must be provided with priority in order for the Small Libraries to grow qualitatively through the implementation of substantial measures. Based on the findings of this study, the reform measures proposed to revitalize Gyeonggi-do Small Libraries in terms of ordinances as follows: ① strengthen the library law and business promotion related to Small Libraries; ② enact the mandatory library law provisions for the installation of and support for Small Libraries; ③ even if there are relevant provisions in the 「Library Act」, the local governments' Small Libraries Support Ordinances should at least simply state that they must meet the criteria specified in the 「Library Act」; and ④ provisions on the number and qualifications of operating personnel of Small Libraries reflecting the number of users and the size of collections of books of Small Libraries of cities and counties.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.8
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• pp.95-106
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• 1990

The most important factors among extraction conditions in the extraction process of Barley and Casia tora seed are particle size, extraction temperature, time and initial concentration. In this research project, then, the amounts of extracted materials were measured at various conditions of above factors. They were increased as the particle sizes were decreased and were also increased in the proportional to the value of square of temperature. General mathematical prediction models were developed by an optimization technique for the amounts of extracted materials and extraction rate on the basis of each independent factor. Then, the final prediction model was obtained upon all the factors. As the results, it was also found that the values of overall mass transfer coefficients were increased as the particle sizes were decreased.