DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

A single slotted morphing flap based on SMA technology

  • Received : 2014.03.12
  • Accepted : 2016.03.07
  • Published : 2016.05.25

Abstract

In this paper, the activities carried out within the EU funded Clean Sky Joint Technology Initiative (JTI GRA) Project and aimed at developing a morphing flap, are illustrated. The reference device is a regional aircraft single slotted flap, enhanced with deforming capabilities to obtain improved hyper-lift performance. The design started with the identification of the internal architecture, intended to allow camber variations. A concentrated-hinge architecture was selected, for its ability to fit different curvatures and for the possibility of easily realizing an "armadillo-like" configuration, then avoiding the use of a complicate deformable skin. The flap layout is made of segmented ribs, elastically hinged each other and span-wise connected by conventional spars. Relative rotations of the rib elements are forced by SMA structural actuators, i.e., cooperating in the external loads absorption. Super-elastic SMA are used to make up recovery elastic elements, necessary to regain the original shape after activation. These further elements in turn contribute to the overall flap rigidity. After assessing the hinge number and the size of the SMA active and passive elements, the advanced design phase was dealt with. It was aimed at solving manufacturing issues and producing the executive drawings. The realized demonstrator was finally tested in lab conditions to prove its functionality in terms of whether target shape actuation or attained shape preservation under loads. On the basis of the numerical results and the experimental outcomes, precious hints were obtained for further developments of the concept.

Keywords

References

  1. Ameduri, S., Concilio, A. and Gianvito, A. (2009), "Design of an MR based on device for the adaptive stiffness control of tail shafts", J. Intel. Mat. Syst. Str., 20(7), 837-848 https://doi.org/10.1177/1045389X08098767
  2. Ameduri, S., Concilio, A. and Pecora, R. (2011), "Conceptual design of DESA and SACM based architectures for morphing T/E flap", GRA-2.2.1-TN-CIRA Plus-TECH-211207 A, confidential report
  3. Ameduri, S., Concilio, A. and Pecora, R. (2011), "Desa and sacm concepts comparison", GRA-2.2.1-TN-Air Green-TECH-201104 B, confidential report
  4. Barbarino, S., Ameduri, S. and Pecora, R. (2007), "Wing camber control architectures based on SMA: Numerical investigation", Proceedings of SPIE of the International Conference on Smart Materials and Nanotechnology in Engineering (SMN2007), Harbin, July
  5. Barbarino S., Pecora R., Lecce L., Concilio A., Ameduri S. and Calvi E. (2009), "A novel sma-based concept for airfoil structural morphing", J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 18(5), 696-705 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-009-9356-3
  6. Bil, C., Massey, K. and Abdullah, E. J. (2013), "Wing morphing control with shape memory alloy actuators", J. Intel. Mat. Syst. Str., 24(7), 879-898 https://doi.org/10.1177/1045389X12471866
  7. Brindisi, A., Ameduri, S. and Tiseo, B. (2011), "Preliminary design of wing trailing edge morphing architecture", GRA 2.2.1 TN CIRA Plus TECH 210105 A, confidential report
  8. Clean Sky Joint Undertaking (2011), Call SP1-JTI-CS-2011-1-GRA-02-015, http://ec.europa.eu/research/participants/portalplus/static/docs/calls/fp7/sp1-jti-cs-2011-01/31103-ct-cs-2011-01-a-15-march_ en. pdf
  9. Chrysochoidis, N., Machairas, T. and Rekatsinas, C. (2012), "D5.1 testing of sacm and desa prototypes", CleanSky JTI-CS-2011-1-GRA-02-015 D5.1-confidential report
  10. Chrysochoidis, N., Machairas, T. and Rekatsinas, C. (2013), "D5.2 test results of sacm and desa prototypes", CleanSky JTI-CS-2011-1-GRA-02-015 D5.2-confidential report
  11. Di Muzio, M. (2010), "Description of nlf wing high-lift-devices", GRA-2.1.2-DL(D2.1.2-01)-ALA-TECH-209057 A-confidential report
  12. Dimino, I. and Concilio, A. (2013), "An adaptive control system for wing te shape control", Proceedings of the SPIE International Conference on Smart Structures, San Diego, March
  13. Grigorie, T.L., Popov, A.V., Botez, R.M., Mamou, M. and Mébarki, Y. (2011), "On-off and proportional-integral controller for a morphing wing. part 1: actuation mechanism and control design", J. Aerospace Eng., 226(2), 131-145
  14. Grigorie, T.L., Popov, A.V., Botez, R.M., Mamou, M. and Mebarki, Y. (2011) "On-off and proportional-integral controller for a morphing wing. part 2: control validation-numerical simulations and experimental tests", J. Aerospace Eng., 226(2), 146-162
  15. Guo, S., Li, D. and Liu, Y. (2012), "Multi objective optimization of a composite wing subject to strength and aeroelastic constraints", J. Aerospace Eng., 226(9), 1095-1106
  16. Iannuzzo, G., Riccio, M., Russo, S., Calvi, E., Pecora, R., Lecce, L., Barbarino, S., Concilio, A. and Ameduri, S. (2009), "An actuator device based on a shape memory alloy, and a wing flap assembly fitted with such an actuator device", Filed on July 21, 2009 at the European Patent Office, patent no. 09165941-7-1254
  17. Inman, D.J. (2011), "Wings: out of the box. determining actuator requirements for controlled morphing air vehicles-aerodynamic loads", DARPA Technology Interchange Meeting, Dayton, November
  18. Kudva, J.N. (2001), "Overview of the DARPA AFRL Northrop-Grumman smart wing phase 2 program", SPIE proceedings of Smart Structures and Materials Conference, 4332, Newport Beach, CA, March
  19. Langbein, S. and Welp, E.G. (2009), "One-module actuators based on partial activation of shape memory components", J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 18(5-6), 711-716 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-009-9383-0
  20. Lesieutre, G.A., Browne, J.A. and Frecker, M.I. (2011), "Scaling of performance, weight, and actuation of a 2-d compliant cellular frame structure for a morphing wing", J. Intel. Mat. Syst. Str., 22(10), 979-986 https://doi.org/10.1177/1045389X11412641
  21. Maheri, A. and Isikveren, A.T. (2011), "Design of a single-dof kinematic chain using hybrid ga-pattern search and sequential ga", J. Mech. Eng. Sci., 226(6), 1633-1643.
  22. Mcknight, G., Doty, R., Keefe, A., Herrera, G. and Henry, C. (2010), "Segmented reinforcement variable stiffness materials for reconfigurable surfaces", J. Intel. Mat. Syst. Str., 21(17), 1783-1793 https://doi.org/10.1177/1045389X10386399
  23. Monner, H.P., Bein, Th., Hanselka, H. and Breitbach, E. (1998), "Design aspects of the adaptive wing-the elastic trailing edge and the local spoiler bump", Proceedings of the Multidisciplinary Design and Optimization, London, October.
  24. Moses, R.W. (1997), "Active vertical tail buffeting alleviation on a twin-tail fighter configuration in a wind tunnel", International Forum on Aeroelasticity and Structural Dynamics, CEAS, June
  25. Pecora, R., Ameduri, S. and Concilio, A. (2011), "Critical analysis of two designs based on DESA and SACM actuation concepts", GRA-2.2.1-TN-Air Green-TECH-210071 A, confidential report
  26. Perkins, D.A., Reed, J.L. and Havens, E. (2004), "Morphing wing structures for loitering air vehicles", Proceedings of the 45th AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference, AIAA, Palm Springs, CA, April
  27. SADE Project website: http://www.smr.ch/sade/sade_public/home.html
  28. Schweiger, J., Suleman, A., Kuzmina, S.I. and Chedrik, V.V. (2002), "MDO concepts for an European Research Project on Active Aeroelastic Aircraft", Proceedings of the 9th AIAA/ISSMO Symposium on Multidisciplinary Analysis and Optimization, Atlanta, Georgia, September
  29. Stamatelos, D., Spathopoulos, T., Karagiannis, T. and Saravanos, D. (2012), "Airfoil morphing based on SMA actuator technology", Proceedings of the 7th International Conference Supply on the Wings Aerospace a leading innovator, Frankfurt, November
  30. Stanewsky, E. (2001), "Adaptive wing and flow control technology", Prog. Aerosp. Sci., 37(7), 583-667 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0376-0421(01)00017-3

Cited by

  1. Aerodynamic/mechanism optimization of a variable camber Fowler flap for general aviation aircraft vol.60, pp.8, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11431-016-0218-5
  2. Car Soundproof Improvement through an SMA Adaptive System vol.7, pp.4, 2018, https://doi.org/10.3390/act7040088
  3. Electro-Actuation System Strategy for a Morphing Flap vol.6, pp.1, 2016, https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace6010001
  4. Shape Memory Polymer Composite Actuator: Modeling Approach for Preliminary Design and Validation vol.8, pp.3, 2019, https://doi.org/10.3390/act8030051