• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.379-390
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• 1994

The recent study of the delay models have assumed random arrival which has a constant average flow rate throughout the cycle. However, where signals are spaced closely together or form part of progressive system, platoon flows are common and more closely represent reality. In such cases, those results are quite different pattern of estimated delay from that of observed one. In order to solve this problem, the 1985 HCM takes Progression Adjustment Factor (PAF) into account. In the 1985 HCM, however, it has deficiencies in defining and applying it, such as platoon ratio ($R_p$) and platoon arrival type. The Purpose of this study is to investigate theoretically the predictive ability of the individual models concerned through comparing the estimated delay and PAF suggested by NCHRP Report 339, KHCM or USHCM (1985) with the observed obtained by field survey at a signalized intersection.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.531-552
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• 2016

The greenschist in the Jinping II Hydropower Station in southwest China exhibits continuous creep behaviour because of the geological conditions in the region. This phenomenon illustrates the time-dependent deformation and progressive damage that occurs after excavation. In this study, the responses of greenschist to stress over time were determined in a series of laboratory tests on samples collected from the access tunnel walls at the construction site. The results showed that the greenschist presented time-dependent behaviour under long-term loading. The samples generally experienced two stages: transient creep and steady creep, but no accelerating creep. The periods of transient creep and steady creep increased with increasing stress levels. The long-term strength of the greenschist was identified based on the variation of creep strain and creep rate. The ratio of long-term strength to conventional strength was around 80% and did not vary much with confining pressures. A quantitative method for predicting the failure period of greenschist, based on analysis of the stress-strain curve, is presented and implemented. At a confining pressure of 40 MPa, greenschist was predicted to fail in 5000 days under a stress of 290 MPa and to fail in 85 days under the stress of 320 MPa, indicating that the long-term strength identified by the creep rate and creep strain is a reliable estimate.

• Structural Monitoring and Maintenance
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.153-173
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• 2017

An improved method is presented to estimate the axial force of a bar member with vibrational measurements based on modified Timoshenko beam theory. Bending stiffness effects, rotational inertia, shear deformation, rotational inertia caused by shear deformation are all taken into account. Axial forces are estimated with certain natural frequency and corresponding mode shape, which are acquired from dynamic tests with five accelerometers. In the paper, modified Timoshenko beam theory is first presented with the inclusion of axial force and rotational inertia effects. Consistent mass and stiffness matrices for the modified Timoshenko beam theory are derived and then used in finite element simulations to investigate force identification accuracy under different boundary conditions and the influence of critical axial force ratio. The deformation coefficient which accounts for rotational inertia effects of the shearing deformation is discussed, and the relationship between the changing wave speed and the frequency is comprehensively examined to improve accuracy of the deformation coefficient. Finally, dynamic tests are conducted in our laboratory to identify progressive axial forces of a steel plate and a truss structure respectively. And the axial forces identified by the proposed method are in good agreement with the forces measured by FBG sensors and strain gauges. A significant advantage of this axial force identification method is that no assumption on boundary conditions is needed and excellent force identification accuracy can be achieved.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.35-41
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• 1978

After the advent of the effective antimicrobial drugs, empyema of the pleural cavity came to be considered an infrequent disease. However, in recent years the problem of empyema is increasing, probably due to bacterial changes associated with the use and misuse of antimicrobials as well as alterations in the host associated with increased longevity and chronic disease. During the 10 years period from 1957, Sop. to 1977, Aug., we experienced 152 cases of empyema, of which 37 were scheduled on open thoracotomy drainge for chronic empyema. 1. The ratio of male to female was 3.6:1 with male predominance and 64% of total was above 40 years old in age distribution. 2. The cardinal symptoms were fever[70%], dyspnea[40.5%], and sputum[40.5%]. The leucocytosis were observed in 75.7% of all cases. The hemoglobin level showed subnormal in 21.6% of all cases. 3- The underlying pathology predisposing to empyema were postoperative empyema [35.1%] and tuberculosis[32.4%] in order. 4. The pathologic organisms by bacterial culture in 37 patients were Pseudomonas [24.3%], Staphylococccus [21.6%], Streptococcus [21.6%]., no growth [8. 1%] and the remainders. 5. The late results were as follow; a. Spontaneous closure was seen in 10 patients and all of them belongs to non-tuberculous group. Their mean duration was 14 months. b. Still opened are eight; 6 in tuberculous group, remainders in non-tuberculous group. c. Secondary closure was performed in 6 patients, of which 5 cases showed successful secondary closure but one failed. The mean duration from OTD to secondary closure was 46.3 days. d. Eleven patients were not followed. e. Two patients were expired; one was due to progressive cachexia and pulmonary insufficiency, the other due to gastrointestinal bleeding unrelated to empyema.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.144-152
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• 2017

Purpose: The role of radiotherapy (RT) was largely deserted after the introduction of platinum-based chemotherapy, but still survival rates are disappointingly low. This study focuses on assessing the clinical efficacy of RT in relation to chemotherapy resistance. Materials and Methods: From October 2002 to January 2015, 44 patients were diagnosed with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) and treated with palliative RT for persistent or recurrent EOC. All patients received initial treatment with optimal debulking surgery and adjuvant platinum-based chemotherapy. The biologically effective dose (BED) was calculated with ${\alpha}/{\beta}$ set at 10. Ninety-four sites were treated with RT with a median BED of 50.7 Gy (range 28.0 to 79.2 Gy). The primary end-point was the in-field local control (LC) interval, defined as the time interval from the date RT was completed to the date any progressive or newly recurring disease within the RT field was detected on radiographic imaging. Results: The median follow-up duration was 52.3 months (range 7.7 to 179.0 months). The 1-year and 2-year in-field LC rates were 66.0% and 55.0%, respectively. Comparisons of percent change of in-field tumor response showed similar distribution of responses among chemoresistant and chemosensitive tumors. On multivariate analysis of predictive factors for in-field LC analyzed by sites treated, $BED{\geq}50Gy$ (hazard ratio, 0.4; confidence interval, 0.2-0.9; p = 0.025) showed better outcomes. Conclusion: Regardless of resistance to platinum-based chemotherapy, RT can be a feasible treatment modality for patients with persistent of recurrent EOC. The specific role of RT using updated approaches needs to be reassessed.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.797-800
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• 2011

The objective of MPEG Media Transport (MMT), which is on going standard, is to develop efficient delivery of media over packet based networks in an adaptive, progressive, download/streaming fashion over various IP based networks, including terrestrial, satellite and cable broadcast networks. In this paper we introduce utilization of signal strength information based on Cross Layer Design(CLD) to efficient multimedia delivery over wireless network in which in practice the wireless conditions can vary significantly. Many recent studies have shown that a significant improvement in wireless video throughput can be achieved by utilizing signal strength information on CLD [1][2]. Despite of its usefulness, however, it was difficult to employ signal strength information in rate adaptation applications due to different representation of signal strength information for each underlying wireless network. To that end, we proposed syntax and semantics of signal strength information in such a way that the information can be interpreted in the unified way. The proposed signal strength information was proposed for the MMT standardization.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.8
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• pp.3589-3593
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• 2012

Objective: Evaluation and assessment of response rate, duration and toxicity in patients subjected to 5-FU based chemotherapy. Background: The therapeutic ratio shifts with different 5FU/LV regimens and none yet serve as the internationally accepted Gold Standard. A bimonthly regimen of high dose leucovorin is reported to be less toxic and more effective than monthly low dose regimens. We here compare therapeutic responses and survival benefit of the two regimens in poor prognosis patients with advanced colorectal carcinoma. Patients and Methods: A total of 35 patients with histologically confirmed colorectal carcinoma were subjected to de Gramont and Mayo Clinic regimen. Nineteen patients were treated with high dose folinic acid ($200mg/m^2$), glucose 5%, 5-FU ($400mg/m^2$) and 22 hr. CIV ($600mg/m^2$) for two consecutive days every two weeks. These patients had failed responses to previous chemotherapy and were above sixty years of age with poor general status. Sixteen patients (six below 60 years) with progressive disease were subjected to low dose folinic acid ($20mg/m^2$)for five days, 5FU($425mg/m^2$) injection bolus for 5 days, every five weeks. An initial evaluation was made in sixty days and responders were reevaluated at sixty days interval or earlier in case of clinical impairment. Based on positive prognosis, the therapy was continued. Evaluation of treatment response was made on the basis of WHO criteria. Results: The response rate was 44% in thirty four evaluable patients, with 4 complete responses (11.8%) and 11 (32.4%) partial responses. The two schedules were well tolerated, whereas, mild toxicity without WHO Grade ${\geq}2$ events was assessed. The response duration was extended (12 months) in a few patients with age above sixty years treated by high dose bimonthly regimen of 5FU/LV. Conclusion: The regimens are safe and effective in advanced colorectal carcinoma patients with poor general status.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.1633-1637
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• 2014

Background: Lymphoma is a malignant neoplasm of lymphoid tissue classified into Hodgkin's and non- Hodgkin's types. It mostly affects lymph nodes although a considerable proportion of Non-Hodgkin's cases occur in extranodal sites. Materials and Methods: Selected cases diagnosed as non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) during the period of 1980 to 2012 were retrieved from the archives of the Oral Pathology Diagnostic Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya. The sections from the formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tissue blocks were stained with H&E as well as with LCA, CD20, and CD3. Results: The mean age was 41.6 years with a male: female ratio of 1.3:1. Out of the forty two cases, nineteen were Malays, eighteen were Chinese, followed by Indians (3) and Indonesians (2). The most common site of involvement was the mandible (22.2%), followed by the maxilla and palate (19.4% each). Most of the lesions presented as a painless progressive swelling. Only thirty six cases were further subdivided into B or T cell types. The majority were B-cell type (26 cases), of these 6 cases were Burkitt's lymphomas. Only ten cases were T-cell lymphoma, with three cases of NK/T-cell lymphoma. Conclusions: In this series of 42 patients diagnosed as extranodal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, the lesions appeared as painless swellings, mostly in men with the mandible as the most frequent site of involvement. Majority were B-cell lymphomas with Malays and Chinese being equally affected whereas lymphomas were rare in the Indian ethnicity. T-cell lymphomas were found to be common in the Chinese ethnic group.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.29-41
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• 2008

The present paper provides a CFD analysis of diffraction problem for a ship with forward speed using an unsteady RANS simulation method, a WAVIS code. The WAVIS viscous solver adopting a finite volume method has second order accuracy in time and field discretizaions for the RANS equations. A two phase level-set method and a realizable ${\kappa}-{\varepsilon}$ turbulence model are adopted to compute the free surface and to meet the turbulence closure, respectively. To validate the capability of the present numerical methods for the simulation of an unsteady progressive regular wave, computations are performed for three grid sets with refinement ratio of ${\sqrt{2}}$. The main simulation is performed for a DTMB5512 model with a forward speed in a regular head sea condition. Validation of the present numerical method is carried out by comparing the present CFD results with available unsteady experimental data published in the 2005 Tokyo CFD Workshop: resistance, heave force, pitch moment, unsteady free surface elevations and velocity fields.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.335-343
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• 2001

The conventional wavelet-based fractal image coding has the disadvantage that the encoding takes a long time, since each range block finds the best domain in the image. In this Paper, we propose wavelet-based fractal image coding using SAS(Self Affine System) method and multi-scale factor. It consists of the range and domain blocks in DWT(discrete wavelet transform) region. Using SAS method, the proposed method is that the searching process of the domain block is not required, and the range block selects the domain which is relatively located the same position in the upper level. The proposed method can perform a fast encoding by reducing the computational complexity in the encoding process. In order to improve the disadvantage of SAS method which is reduced image qualify, the proposed method is improved image qualify using the different scale factors for each level. As a result, there is not influence on an image quality, the proposed method is enhanced the encoding time and compression ratio, and it is able to the progressive transmission.