• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.60-71
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• 2000

Backgrounds : Cathepsin D, an aspartic lysosomal proteinase, is believed to be involved in local invasion and metastasis of tumor cells by its proteolytic activity and has been described to be associated with tumor progression and prognosis in some human malignancies including breast cancer. But, its prognostic value for human lung cancer remains to be determined. The purpose of this study is to determine clinicopathological and prognostic significance of cathepsin D expression in non-small cell lung cancer. Method : Using a polyclonal antibody, immunohistochemical analysis of cathepsin D was performed on paraffin embedded sections of tumors obtained surgically from 54 patients with non-small cell lung cancer (37 squamous cell carcinoma, 14 adenocarcinoma, 2 large cell carcinoma, and 1 undifferentiated carcinoma). Results : Eighteen patients (33.3%) showed positive immunoreactivities of cathepsin D in tumor cells. No significant correlation of cathepsin D expression in tumor cells was found in p-stage (surgical-pathologic stage), tumor size, tumor factor, nodal involvement, and differentiation. Of 54 patients, 29 (53.7%) patients showed moderate to massive cathepsin D-positive stromal cells within the tumor tissues, while the rest (46.3%) showed few cathepsin D-positive stromal cells within the tumor tissues. Cathepsin D expression in stromal cells was significantly associated with p-stage in non-small cell lung canær (p=0.031). No significant correlation of the degree of cathepsin D-positive stromal cells was found in tumor size, T -factor, nodal involvement, differentiation Cathepsin D expression status in tumor cells and stromal cells was not significantly associated with prognosis expressed by survival rate. The results of multivariate analyses of variables possibly associated with prognosis showed that nodal involvement was the only independent prognostic factor in all patients. Conclusion : Cathepsin D expression in stromal cells was significantly associated with p-stage in non-small cell lung cancer. However, it was not related to other clinicopathologic features and prognosis, and Cathepsin D expression in tumor was not related to p-stage and prognosis.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.2535-2537
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• 2016

Background: Most of the cervical cancer patients, including those with cervical adenocarcinomas, come at advanced stage in the developing world so its mortality is high. Radiotherapy is one of the treatment modality for advanced stage cervical adenocarcinomas, but its efficacy depends on several prognostic factors such as the stage, histopathology, presence of organ dysfunction and expression of cellular biology markers mainly involve in cell proliferation such as the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Some research indicates that activation of EGFR in malignancy (including cervical cancer) correlates with aggressive behavior, a poor prognosis and decreasing sensitivity of radiotherapy. However, the combination between targeted therapies and radiotherapy are innovative approaches which may provide a good result. This study aimed to assess any correlation between expression of EGFR and response to radiotherapy in cervical adenocarcinoma cases. Materials and Methods: A total of 32 women were registered in a retrospective study period January 2007 and May 2014. Paraffin blocks from these patients were processed by classical histological techniques and for immunohistochemical staining of EGFR, scoring being accomplished according to the immunoreactive scoring (IRS) of Remmele and Stegner. Results: Among the studied molecular factors, there was significant correlation expression of EGFR with poor response to radiotherapy (p=0.0001). Conclusions: The result of this study showed a significant correlation between expression of EGFR and sensitivity of radiation in cervical adenocarcinoma cases. Further research is necessary to obtain information about new therapeutic management.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.2559-2564
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• 2016

Purpose: To compare Ki-67 index and microvessel density MVD) in multiple myeloma and non-myeloma patients and their correlation with each other and other prognostic markers. Materials and Methods: Forty patients were enrolled in this study between 2011-2013, 30 with multiple myelomas and 10 with non-malignant disease as controls. Proliferative activity was analyzed by Ki-67 and microvessel density (MVC) was assessed by CD34 and compared between two groups. In myeloma patients, correlation between Ki-67, MVD and other prognostic factors was assessed by Pearson correlation coefficient. Results: According to Durie Salmon staging criteria, 13 patients were of stage 1, 5 of stage II and 12 of stage III. Ki-67 expression showed a positive correlation with MVD (r=0.729, p<0.001) and was significantly higher (p<0.0001) in myeloma patients (range 35-80%, mean 60.1 %) as compared to controls (range 8-25%, mean 18.1%). $MVD/mm^2$ was also significantly (p<0.0001) higher in myeloma patients (range $62-237/mm^2$, mean $178.0/mm^2$) than controls (range $5.2-50/mm^2$, mean $18.3/mm^2$). Ki-67 and MVD, both increased progressively with increasing stage of myeloma. Ki-67 showed significant positive correlation with blood urea and lactate dehydrogenase and a significant negative correlation with serum albumin. MVD showed a significant positive correlation with blood urea, lactate dehydrogenase, serum creatinine, ${\beta}2$ microglobulin and skeletal lesions. Conclusions: Ki-67 and MVD are indicators of aggressiveness and poor prognosis having significant correlation with each other and other prognostic markers of multiple myeloma. Routine assessment of these markers may help to identify high risk patients, who may benefit from with more aggressive therapy.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.103-112
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• 2018

Purpose: This study was to investigate the factors affecting smoking behavior in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. Methods: The participants were 130 pulmonary tuberculosis patients at a national tuberculosis hospital. Using a descriptive survey design, data were collected from January to March in 2016 and were analyzed using binominal logistic regression. Results: As a result of a correlation analysis of the data, depression had a significant positive correlation with smoking (r=.19, p=.030), stress (r=.54, p<.001), respectively. And depression had a significant negative correlation with smoking-related self-efficacy (r=-.20, p=.023). Smoking-related self-efficacy, smoking (r=-.79, p<.001), and stress (r=-.23, p=.008) had a significant negative correlation with each other, respectively. The factors affecting the smoking behavior were smoking-related self-efficacy (OR=1.46, p<.001), sex (OR=67.36, p=.001), occupation (OR=17.51, p=.014), and depression (OR=1.16, p=.024). Those factors explained 84.7% (Negelkerke's $R^2=.847$) of pulmonary tuberculosis patients' smoking behavior. Conclusion: Developing and applying a prevention eduction for reducing depression and enhancing smoking-related self-efficacy may become a venue toward good prognosis of the patients with pulmonary tuberculosis.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.238-242
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• 1986

The prognosis of patients with VSD and pulmonary hypertension is at least partially related to the reversibility of pulmonary hypertension after surgery. To predict postoperative pulmonary arterial pressure, immediate postbypass values were compared with preoperative hemodynamic data in 18 surgically closed VSD patients aged 6 to 80 months. The following results were obtained. 2] There was a good correlation between preoperative PP/PS and postoperative PP/PS in patients aged over 24 months [r=0.685, p<0.05], and in patients whose QP/QS were over 2.0 [r=0.686, p<0.01]. 3] There was also a good correlation between pump time and postoperative PP in total patients [r=0.697, p<0.005]. 4] Direct correlations were found between preoperative PP/PS and immediate postbypass PP/PS in patients aged over 24 months and in patients whose QP/QS>2.0, but the effect of CPB would participate in some degree. So it may be necessary to reevaluate their relationship after the effect of CPB have been disappeared.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.3613-3618
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• 2013

Object: To detect expression of hypoxia inducible factor-$1{\alpha}$ (HIF-$1{\alpha}$) and lysyl oxidase (LOX) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and explore their roles in prognosis. Methods: The mRNA levels of HIF-$1{\alpha}$ and LOX were investigated by real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction in 40 cases of tumour and paired normal tissues. In addition, protein expression of HIF-$1{\alpha}$ and LOX was examined by immunohistochemistry in 82 cases of tumour and 45 paired normal tissues. The relationship between HIF-$1{\alpha}$ or LOX and clinicopathologic characteristics, as well as the correlation between HIF-$1{\alpha}$ and LOX, were also examined. Kaplan-Meier survival curves and the log-rank test were used to analyze progression-free survival. Results: HIF-$1{\alpha}$ or LOX mRNA levels in tumor tissues was significantly higher than those in paired normal tissues (p<0.01). Positive HIF-$1{\alpha}$ or LOX protein expression in tumor tissues was noted in 46/82 (56.1%) and 49/82 (59.8%) of the cases, respectively, being significantly higher than those in paired normal tissues (p<0.05). There was significant correlation between the expression of HIF-$1{\alpha}$ or LOX and tumor size, lymph node metastasis and pathological stage (p<0.05). The expression of HIF-$1{\alpha}$ and LOX had a significant inverse impact on survival of patients with NSCLC. Conclusion: HIF-$1{\alpha}$ and LOX may play a pivotal role in the development of NSCLC, and may act in synergy to promote the progression of NSCLC.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.2777-2783
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• 2015

Background: Nestin is associated with neoplastic transformation. However, the mechanisms by which nestin contributes regarding invasion and malignancy of gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC) remain unknown. Recent studies have shown that the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is important in invasion and migration of cancer cells. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the expression of nestin and its correlation with EMT-related proteins in GAC. Materials and Methods: The expression of nestin and EMT-related proteins was examined in GAC specimens and cell lines by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. Clinicopathological features and survival outcomes were retrospectively analyzed. Results: Positive nestin immunostaining was most obviously detected in the cytoplasm, nucleus or both cytoplasm and nucleus of tumor cells in 19.2% (24/125) of GAC tissues, which was significantly higher than that in normal gastric mucosa tissues (1.7%, 1/60) (p=0.001). Nestin expression was closely related to several clinicopathological factors and EMT-related proteins (E-cadherin, vimentin and Snail) and displayed a poor prognosis. Interestingly, simultaneous cytoplasmic and nuclear nestin expression correlated with EMT-related proteins (E-cadherin, vimentin and Snail) (p<0.05) and lymph node metastasis (p=0.041) and a shorter survival time (p<0.05), but this was not the case with cytoplasmic or nuclear nestin expression. Conclusions: Nestin, particularly expression in both cytoplasm and nucleus, might be involved in regulating EMT and malignant progression in GAC, with potential as an unfavorable indicator in tumor diagnosis and a target for clinical therapy.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.41-48
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• 2021

Purpose: To evaluate compliance by analyzing and comparing treatment duration, degree of improvement after treatment and treatment response of oral lichen planus (OLP) patients according to characteristics of them and the severity of the lesion. Methods: According to treatment process, 132 subjects with OLP who first visited the Department of Oral Medicine at the Pusan National University Dental Hospital from January 2017 to December 2020were classified into three groups: Treatment completed (CT) group, Under treatment (UT) group, and Dropped out during follow-up (DT) group. The reticulation/keratosis, erythema, and ulceration (REU) scoring system was used to assess the severity of OLP. The degree of improvement after treatment was evaluated in CT group. Results: There were 53 (40.15%) CT, 27 (20.45%) UT and 52 (39.39%) DT. In CT group, according to initial REU score there was a statistical difference in the degree of improvement, but not in the length of time to complete treatment. There was no statistical difference between the days it took for patients to feel symptom relief, and the days of entire treatment among three groups. However, there was a positive correlation between the REU score of gingiva and duration of treatment in DT group. In the CT and DT groups, there was a correlation between the length of time taken to relieve symptoms and the duration of treatment. Conclusions: The severity of the gingival lesion and the initial response to treatment have a large effect on the entire treatment period and prognosis, so it should be considered when explaining the disease prognosis and treatment period to patients, and the clinician needs to focus on initial symptom relief.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.372-380
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• 2005

Condylar process of mandible, has the specialized anatomic structure compared with any other body structure, acts directly in connection with mastication and speech and so on. In general, mandibular condyle fractures have been managed by two methods as open and closed reduction. But, there are no reasonable consensus about the proper management of this injury. This study was designed for analysis of the prognosis of two methods of treatment, open and closed reduction, with positional change of fractured condyle and complications within 6 months post-intermaxillary fixation period. We conducted a retrospective analysis of 154 patients whose unilateral mandibular condyle fractures were treated by open or closed reduction in our department. The horizontal, sagittal, and coronal change of the condyle was examined using modified Towne's and panoramic radiographs before intermaxillary fixation(IMF), immediately after IMF, and at 6 months after IMF. Patients, whose mandibular condyle fractures were treated by closed reduction, had significantly shorter ramus height on the side of injury(P<0.05). But, fractured condylar fragments were displaced insignificantly with aspect to sagittal and coronal plane(P>0.05). The level of the fracture influenced the ramus length and the degree of coronal change in the closed reduction group(P<0.05). There was no significant correlation among the level of the fracture, treatment methods and complications(P>0.05). From the results obtained in this study, fractured mandibular condyles, were treated by closed reduction, had a tendency that continuous condylar displacement was occurred with aspect to horozontal and coronal plane in treatment period including intermaxillary fixation. And then there was a correlation between the level of the fracture and the position change in close reduction group statistically. These result suggested that care must be taken in basing treatment decisions on the degree of displacement of the condyle and in treating the mandibular condyle fractures for a long time.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.20
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• pp.8847-8853
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• 2014

The aim of this study was to establish the expression and localization of E-cadherin and ${\beta}$-catenin in oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) so that we could correlate the findings with prognostic-relevant histopathological variables. E-cadherin and ${\beta}$-catenin expression in normal oral epithelia and in oral squamous cell carcinomas was examined immunohistochemically, and associations with histopathological differentiation and prognosis were then analyzed in 33 patients who had been operated on for OSCC. E-cadherin expression was found in (82%) of the squamous cells of well differentiated OSCC, (61%) of moderately differentiated and (39%) of poorly differentiated. E-cadherin expression was significantly associated with histological grade (p=0.000). No nuclear staining was detected. In (19.5%) of the cells E-cadherin localized in the cytoplasm, with no correlation to the histological grade (p=0.106). ${\beta}$-Catenin expression was found in 87% of the squamous cells of well differentiated OSCC, 67% of moderately differentiated and 43% of poorly differentiated, the expression was significantly associated with histological grade (p=0.000). the nuclear ${\beta}$-Catenin expression appeared in 3.3% of the cells and it was correlated to the histological grade (p=0.000). In (23.5%) of the cells ${\beta}$-Catenin localized in the cytoplasm, with correlation to the histological grade (p=0.002). According to this study the expression of ${\beta}$-catenin and E-cadherin were independent prognostic factors for histological grade. E-cadherin was closely linked to ${\beta}$-catenin expression in OSCC (p=0.000) and to tumor differentiation. That reflects a structural association and the role of both in tumor progression.