• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.99 no.2
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• pp.213-219
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• 2010

Early results from a field trail of Agathis loranthifolia are reported from a progeny test of 100 open-pollinated families in west Java, Indonesia. The average of height and diameter at root collar (DRC) was 40.18 cm and 0.52 cm at age 15 months. Family survival rate ranged from 86.5% at age 10 months to 81.7% at age 15 months. Family means of 10 best and 10 poorest families for each trait indicated that there was a large difference of growth performances among individual families. For height and DRC growth, the poorest groups had averages of 33.98 cm and 0.43 mm while the averages of the best groups were 47.35 cm and 0.62 mm at age 15 months as a difference of 39.36% and 43.65%, respectively. Differences between the best group and the test population mean, which is the selection differential, were implying that genetic gain from selection for the improvement of height and DRC growth would be achieved. The family variances of DRC and height were relatively small compared to replicate and residual variances. Family heritabilities for both studied traits were fluctuated, and the genetic coefficients of variation for DRC and height at age of 15 months were 7.19% and 5.22%, respectively.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.333-341
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• 1986

Several aspects including physical development, reflex acquistion, neuromotor development and learning behavior at Y water maze were compared at the progeny of rats fed low 91.2mg/kg diet) or adequate leves(22mg/kg diet 0 of pyridoxine during growth, gestation, lactation, and adult period. Physical development and development of reflexes (righting reflex, cliff avoidance, negative geotaxis, palmar grasp, and startle reflex to sound) appeared different between control and deficient groups but not significantly. At the 2nd week, rats spent more time in supported standing during 6 minute period was longer in the control then the deficient groups. In the Y-water maze position reversal test, learning ability as judged by the number of errors was not different among three groups, but the rats in supplemented group(DC) reached the escape platform in significantly shorter time than the other two groups, which may suggest their emotional instability. In the visual discrimination test, the performance of rats from the supplemented group had the lower errors than the other groups on the early test days. but as the testing period progressed, the performance of rats in the supplemented group became inferior to those of the control and deficient groups. The performance of control group became superior to that of the deficient group.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.24 no.11
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• pp.1483-1503
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• 2011

To advance the effectiveness of the current Hanwoo improvement system, we developed a general simulation that compared a series of breeding schemes under realistic user circumstances. We call this system the Integrated General Model (IGM) and it allows users to control the breeding schemes and selection methods by manipulating the input parameters. The Current Hanwoo Performance and Progeny Test (CHPPT) scheme was simulated with a Modified Hanwoo Performance and Progeny Test (MHPPT) scheme using a Hanwoo Breeding Farm cow population of the Livestock Improvement Main Center (LOMC) of the National Agricultural Cooperatives Federation (NACF). To compare the two schemes, a new method, the Simple Hanwoo Performance Test (SHPT), which uses ultrasound technology for measuring the carcass traits of live animals, was developed. These three models, including the CHPPT, incorporated three types of selection criteria: phenotype (PH), true breeding value (TBV), and estimated breeding value (EBV). The simulation was scheduled to mimic an actual Hanwoo breeding program; thus, the simulation was run to include the years 1983-2020 for each breeding method and was replicated 10 times. The parameters for simulation were derived from the literature. Approximately 642,000 animals were simulated per replication for the CHPPT scheme; 129,000 animals were simulated for the MHPPT scheme and 112,000 animals for the SHPT scheme. Throughout the 38-year simulation, all estimated parameters of each simulated population, regardless of population size, showed results similar to the input parameters. The deviations between input and output values for the parameters in the large populations were statistically acceptable. In this study, we integrated three simulated models, including the CHPPT, in an attempt to achieve the greatest genetic gains within major economic traits including body weight at 12 months of age (BW12), body weight at 24 months of age (BW24), average daily gain from 6 to 12 months (ADG), carcass weight (CWT), carcass longissimus muscle area (CLMA), carcass marbling score (CMS), ultrasound scanned longissimus muscle area (ULMA), and ultrasound scanned marbling score (UMS).

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.623-633
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• 2016

A total of 6,973 steer growth records of Hanwoo breeding bull's progeny test data collected from 1989 to 2015 were analyzed to identify the most appropriate growth curve among three growth curve models (Gompertz, Logistic and von Bertalanffy). The Gompertz growth curve model equation was $W_t=990.5e^{{-2.7479e}^{-0.00241t}}$, the Logistic growth curve model equation was $W_t=772(1+8.3314e^{-0.00475t})^{-1}$, and the von Bertalanffy growth curve model equation was $W_t=1,196.4(1-0.646e^{-0.00162t})^3$. The Gompertz model parameters A, b, and k were estimated to be $990.5{\pm}10.27$, $2.7479{\pm}0.0068$, and $0.00241{\pm}0.000028$, respectively. The inflection point age was estimated to be 421 days and the weight of inflection point was 365.3 kg. The Logistic model parameters A, b, and k were estimated to be $772.0{\pm}4.12$, $8.3314{\pm}0.0453$, and $0.00475{\pm}0.000033$, respectively. The inflection point age was estimated to be 445 days and the weight of inflection point was 385.0 kg. The von Bertalanffy model parameters A, b, and k were estimated to be $1196.4{\pm}18.39$, $0.646{\pm}0.0010$, and $0.00162{\pm}0.000027$, respectively. The inflection point age was estimated to be 405 days and the weight of inflection point was 352.0 kg. Mature body weight of the von Bertalanffy model was 1196.4 kg, the Gompertz model was 990.5 kg, and the Logistic model was 772.0 kg. The difference between actual and estimated weights was similar in the Logistic model and the von Bertalanffy model. The difference between market weight and estimated market weight was the lowest in the Gompertz model. The growth curve using the von Bertalanffy model showed the lowest mean square error.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.52 no.5
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• pp.357-366
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• 2010

The emergence of next-generation sequencing technologies has lead to application of new computational and statistical methodologies that allow incorporating genetic information from entire genomes of many individuals composing the population. For example, using single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) obtained from whole genome amplification platforms such as the Ilummina BovineSNP50 chip, many researchers are actively engaged in the genetic evaluation of cattle livestock using whole genome relationship analyses. In this study, we estimated the genomic relationship matrix (GRM) and compared it with one computed using a pedigree relationship matrix (PRM) using a population of Hanwoo. This project is a preliminary study that will eventually include future work on genomic selection and prediction. Data used in this study were obtained from 187 blood samples consisting of the progeny of 20 young bulls collected after parentage testing from the Hanwoo improvement center, National Agriculture Cooperative Federation as well as 103 blood samples from the progeny of 12 proven bulls collected from farms around the Kyong-buk area in South Korea. The data set was divided into two cases for analysis. In the first case missing genotypes were included. In the second case missing genotypes were excluded. The effect of missing genotypes on the accuracy of genomic relationship estimation was investigated. Estimation of relationships using genomic information was also carried out chromosome by chromosome for whole genomic SNP markers based on the regression method using allele frequencies across loci. The average correlation coefficient and standard deviation between relationships using pedigree information and chromosomal genomic information using data which was verified using a parentage test andeliminated missing genotypes was $0.81{\pm}0.04$ and their correlation coefficient when using whole genomic information was 0.98, which was higher. Variation in relationships between non-inbred half sibs was $0.22{\pm}0.17$ on chromosomal and $0.22{\pm}0.04$ on whole genomic SNP markers. The variations were larger and unusual values were observed when non-parentage test data were included. So, relationship matrix by genomic information can be useful for genetic evaluation of animal breeding.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.357-373
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• 1975

This study was conducted to evaluate the winter active polycross progenies of 10 genotypes selected at the hot and dry climate of the Southern Oregon in their performance in the progeny test comparing with a high yielding variety, 'Fawn', and a winter active variety, 'TFM', as the control varieties at Daejon, Korea. Various plant and leaf characteristics, especially which related to photosynthesis, and forage production during the first summer after their establishment, were examined. The important conclusions of this study are summarized as follows: 1. The winter active genotypes and variety had less leaf fresh weight and dry weight per leaf than variety 'Fawn'. Variations among polycross progenies of genotypes for these characteristics were great. 2. The winter active genotypes and variety had less leaf area per leaf than variety 'Fawn'. Leaf area among polycross progenies of genotypes deviated greatly and poly cross progenies of 'genotype-16' had the same average leaf area as 'Fawn'. 3. Differences of specific leaf weight (S. L. W.) in the winter active genotypes and variety were not significant. Probably the genetic diversity for S. L. W were not big and were narrowed down already in this genetic population. It was suggested that the photosynthate production within the population might not be different and there might be differences in the photosynthate production-translocation balance. Further study for the diurnal change in S. L. W. within the population might be useful. 4. The winter active variety and genotypes had less leaf width than 'Fawn' does. Leaf width among polycross progenies of genotypes deviated significantly. 5. Differences among controls and polycross progeny group in the initial plant height were significant and variety 'Fawn' was taller than the winter active genotypes and variety. But the differences were not significant in the regrowth of plant height after the first forage harvest. On the contrary. the differences among polycross progenies of genotypes were not significant in the initial plant but the differences in their polycross progeny performance became obvious and great in the regrowth ability which is an improtent agronomic characteristics for forage crops produced in the pasture and for hay and silage. 6. Plant width of the winter active genotypes and variety was lesser than 'Fawn' variety. 7. Differences of tiller number became evident and variety 'Fawn' had higher tiller number than the winter active genotypes and variety after the first forage cutting. There, deviations among polycross progenies of genotypes were great for this characteristic. It was obvious that the genetic differences became more evident in the second measurement after the first cutting of forage probably because this characteristic were stimulated by defoliation in the cartain genotypes and variety. 8. The winter active genotypes and variety on the initial growth. the regrowth ability andtotal yield had lesser forage yield than variety 'Fawn'. Deviation of forage yield among polycross progenies of genotypes were great and gave basis for selection according to their polycross progeny performance improving the forage yield of these winter active tall fescue population during summer. 9. It was concluded that the winter active variety and genotypes in this study was poorer than variety 'Fawn' for the most of leaf and plant characteristics including forage yield. For these measurements, the variations among polycross progenies of genotypes were great. and plant breeding might able to improve further this winter active tall fescue through the polycross progeny testing method for the higher forage production during summer in Korea. 10. The result of the associations among various characteristics under study were quite agreeable with the results of the analysis of variance and woul be useful in the selection of desirable genotypes for the development of a new variety.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.89-96
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• 2000

For large DNA fragment transformation in dicots and monocots, BIBAC2 vector system was applied to Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa L. cv. Jinmi as a model plant, respectively. For Arabidopsis, the Th1 gene in T23L3 BAC clone whose size is about 90 kb was used as the target gene source for transformation. Because T23L3 BAC clone was originally constructed in pBelloBAC11, the target gene was reconstructed into BIBAC2. As the results of reconstruction, 476 colonies were survived in selection medium containing 40 mg/L kanamycin. In colony hybridization analysis, 24 out of 476 colonies exhibited positive signals. In the pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis, 11 out of 24 positive clones exhibited the band at the location of 90 kb. In Southern hybridization, positive signal band at the location of 90 kb was observed in all 11 transformants. Using these verified clones, Agrobacterium-mediated transformation was applied to Arabidopsis thaliana th1-201 mutant for genetic complementation test. Twelve thousands T$_1$ seeds were harvested, and antibiotic selection test is being analyzed to verify whether these seeds were transformed. for rice, COR356 that contains 150 kb human genomic DNA in a BIBAC2 vector was used as the target gene. As the results of transformation, 151 out of 210 co-cultivated calli were survived in selection medium containing 5 mg/L hygromycin, and 45 out of 151 survived calli were regenerated into plants. Transformation efficiency was 21.6%. Progeny test using 71 seeds is being analyzed now. These results provide the potential that large DNA fragments can be transferred into both dicots and monocot by Agrobacterium-mediate d transformation system.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.441-448
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• 1994

Postweaning performance data were obtained on 187 group fed purebred Angus calves from 12 selected sires (six high and six low feed conversion sires) in 1985 and 1986. The objective of this portion of the study was to develop prediction equations for feed conversion from a stepwise regression analysis. Variables measured were on-test weight (ONTSTWT), on-test age (ONTSTAG), five weights by 28-d periods, seven linear body measurements: heart girth (HG), hip height (HH), head width (HDW), head length (HDL), muzzle circumference (MC), length between hooks and pins (HOPIN) and length between shoulder and hooks (SHHO), and backfat thickness (BF). Stepwise regressions for maintenance adjusted feed conversion (ADJFC) and unadjusted feed conversion (UNADFC) over the first 140 d of the test, and total feed conversion (FC) until progeny reached 8.89 mm of back fat were obtained separately by conversion groups and sexes and for combined feed conversion groups and sexes. In general, weights were more important than linear body measurements in prediction of feed utilization. To some extent this was expected as weight is related directly to gain which is a component of feed conversion. Weight at 112 d was the most important variable in prediction of feed conversion when data from both feed conversion groups and sexes were combined. Weights at 84 and 140 d were important variables in prediction of UNADFC and FC, respectively, of bulls. ONTSTWT and weight at 140 d had the highest standardized partial regression coefficients for UNADFC and ADJFC, respectively, of heifers. Results indicated that linear measurements, such as MC, HDL and HOPIN, are useful in prediction of feed conversion when feed in takes are unavailable.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.699-708
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• 2022

Antibiotic exposure during pregnancy have an adversely effects on offspring behavior and development. However, its mechanism is still poorly understood. To uncover this, we added ceftriaxone sodium to the drinking water of rats during pregnancy and conducted three-chamber sociability test, open-field test, and Morris water maze test in 3- and 6-week-old offspring. The antibiotic group offspring showed lower sociability and spatial learning and memory than control. To determine the role of the gut microbiota and their metabolites in the changes in offspring behavior, fecal samples of 6-week-old offspring rats were sequenced. The composition of dominant gut microbial taxa differed between the control and antibiotic groups. KEGG pathway analysis showed that S24-7 exerted its effects through the metabolic pathways including mineral absorption, protein digestion and absorption, Valine, leucine, and isoleucine biosynthesis. Correlation analysis showed that S24-7 abundance was negatively correlated with the level of VEGF, and metabolites associated with S24-7-including 3-aminobutanoic acid, dacarbazine, L-leucine, 3-ketosphinganine, 1-methylnicotinamide, and N-acetyl-L-glutamate-were also significantly correlated with VEGF levels. The findings suggest that antibiotic exposure during pregnancy, specifically ceftriaxone sodium, will adversely affects the behavior of offspring rats due to the imbalance of gut microbiota, especially S24-7, via VEGF and various metabolic pathways.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.117-126
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• 2017

Hanwoo young bulls are selected based on performance test using the weight at 12 months and pedigree index comprising marbling score. Pedigree index was not based on the progeny tested data but the breeding value of the proven bulls; resulting a lower accuracy. The progeny testing of the young bulls was categorized into testing at farm and at the test station. The farm tested data was difficult to compare with those from test station data. Farm tested bulls had different slaughter ages than those for test station bulls. Therefore, this study had considered a different age at slaughter for respective records on ultrasound traits. Records on body weight at 12 months, ultrasound measures at 12 and 24 months(uIMF, uEMA, uBFT, and uRFT), and carcass traits(CWT, EMA, BFT, and MS) were collected from steers and bulls of Hanwoo national improvement scheme between 2008 and 2013. Fixed effects of batch, test date, test station, personnel for measurement, personnel for judging, and a linear covariate of weight at measurement were fitted in the animal models for ultrasound traits. The ranges of heritability estimates of the ultrasound traits at 12 and 24 months were 0.21-0.43 and 0.32-0.47, respectively. Ultrasound traits at 12 and 24 months between similar carcass traits was genetically correlated at 0.52-0.75 and 0.86-0.89, respectively.