• 품질경영학회지
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.481-496
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• 2023

Purpose: The main theme of this study is to derive a profit curve by a cubic cost function for nonlinear CVP analysis. According to the analytical approach to derive a nonlinear profit function in this study, it is possible with only the existing cost structure to calculate the profit maximization and downtime point sales unlike the classical CVP analysis. Furthermore, the profit curve by the mathematical model of this study could serve as a tool to quantify the qualitative evaluation of each stage of the industry life cycle. Methods: This study followed the mathematical approach from the cubic cost function model of microeconomics, and using real data of the Bank of Korea Results: The nonlinear profit function suggested by this study is as follows; ${\pi}(x)=-a\left(x-\frac{f}{1-v}\right)^3+(1-v)x-k$ where $a=\frac{1}{3}v\left(\frac{(1-v)}{f}\right)^2,k=f-a\left(1-\frac{f}{1-v \right)^3$ Conclusion: The process and results of this study would be able to contribute not only in practice of nonlinear CVP analysis required in the management accounting or financial management, but also in cost theory of microeconomics. Also, since the life cycle of all industries in Korea was verified to the growth or mature stage, decision makers should pay careful attention to determining life cycle stages and consider the profit curve by the average variable cost ratio over multi periods.

• 한국임상보건과학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.1-16
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• 2014

Purpose. For a more efficient hospital management, this study aims to provide basic data so that the hospital management and staff in charge of hospital administration may systematically classify and collect hospital information, by analyzing the ordinary characters of an upper-level general hospital system and its common-type balance sheet, common-type profit and loss statement and financial ratio. Methods. By using information about an upper-level general hospital in C Province, provided by Alio(www.alio.go.kr), a public organization information provision site, Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service(www.hira.or.kr) and Ministry of Health and Welfare(www.mw.go.kr), this study analyzed 3 year's data from 2010 to 2012 and provided basic data by analyzing the ordinary characters of an upper-level general hospital system, and its common-type balance sheet, common-type profit and loss statement and financial ratio. Results. After analyzing the ordinary characters, common-type balance sheet, common-type proft and loss statement and financial ration of this general hospital, based on the 2010 to 2012 data, this study came to the following conclusions. Firstly, out of all the 1,069 hospital staff, there were 272 doctors working for 24 medical departments, out of whom the majority was 33 physicians. Most of the nurses were third-class ones, and about 2,000 outpatients and 600 inpatients on average were treated per day. Secondly, as a result of analyzing the common-type balance sheet, this study discovered that intangible assets out of fixed assets accounted for 41%, the majority, out of which usable and profitable donation asset buildings were of great importance, and the liquid assets increased more in 2012 than 2011. In the financial structure, the ratio of liquid liabilities was over 50% out of all the liabilities in 2012, and the ratio of purchase payables was high as well. The ratio of fixed liabilities reached up to 40%, out of which the retirement benefit appropriation fund was quite high. The capital was over 80%, but the surplus was in a deficit state. Compared to the capital, the ratio of total liabilities was about 90%, which indicates the financial structure of this general hospital was vulnerable. Thirdly, as a result of analyzing the common-type profit and loss statement, this study found out that the medical profits from inpatients were higher than profits from outpatients. The material cost was related to the medical quality of this general hospital, and it was as high as 30% out of the total costs and was about 45% of the labor cost. This general hospital showed 10% in the ratio of non-medical profits, and it seemed because of government subsidies. The ratios of medical profits and current net income were gradually changing for the better in 2012, compared to 2011. Lastly, as a result of analyzing the financial ratio, it was found that the liquidity ratio kept decreasing, from 110.7% in 2010 and 102.0% in 2011 to 77.2% in 2012. Besides, it was analyzed that the liquidity ratio and the net working capital ratio greatly decreased, while the quick ratio and the liquid ratio kept decreasing. Conclusions. 1. It is necessary to take the risk management into more consideration, and particularly, it is needed to differentiate and manage the levels of risk in detail. 2. By considering the fact that investments into hospital infrastructures were mostly based on liabilities, it is needed to deal with the scale of losses when evaluating risks. 3. By reflecting the character that investments into hospital infrastructures were based on liabilities, it is necessary to consider the ratio of ordinary profits as well as the ratio of operating profits to sales, and it is also important to consider sales productivity factors, such as the sales amount per a sickbed, by comparing them with other hospitals. As for limitations of this study, there may be some problems in terms of data interpretation because of the lack of information about the number of inpatients and the number of outpatients per year, which are needed for the break-even point analysis. Besides, to suggest a direction for the improvement of hospital management through analyses, non-financial factors should be reflected, such as the trend of economy, medical policies, and politic backgrounds. However, this study only focused on the common-type balance sheet, common-type profit and loss statement and financial ratio, so this study is actually limited to generalizing all the factors by analyzing public data only.

• 디지털산업정보학회논문지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.151-157
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• 2010

This paper proposes the Pyramid strategy which is based on the straddle sell. The Pyamid strategy has multi-entry features with starting date and delta parameters. And It is hedged against a loss by mutual trades and dynamic ripples. This paper analyzes the profit and MDD(maximum draw down) of the Pyramid strategy on system trading. The portfolio tool is used for the experiment which is one of the Multicharts' package. The Multicharts is a good trading system of recent years. For the experiment, three call options and three put options are used at october in 2009. Two parameters are used which are the starting date from first October to twentieth October in 2009 and delta from eight percent to fifty percent. As a result, the profit of composite option is about 3 million won. If the strategy starts before the beginning of option month, investors feel uncomfortable because of a large MDD. If a delta belows 20%, it shows high profit and the ratio of profit and MDD builds up a low value. However a low delta makes frequent trades and results in a loss unless increasing entry levels which mean more amount of investment. This work provides a safer trade system than native option trades. It is important how much levels of multi-entry are acceptable. And an amount of investment with appropriate levels of multi-entry is a subject of a future study.

• 융합정보논문지
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• 제10권11호
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• pp.324-331
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• 2020

본 연구는 의료기관 회계정보 공시시스템에 등록된 29개 지방의료원의 재무정보를 이용하여 지방의료원들이 경영활동 운영자금 조달방법별 조달비율과 이들이 당기순이익에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 분석하였다. 연구결과, 지방의료원들의 경영활동 운영자금 조달비율은 의료수익 83.50%, 의료부대수익9.53%, 기부금수익 4.54%, 기타 의료외 수익 4.42%, 감가상각비 1.21%, 고유목적사업준비금 전입액 0.73%이었다. 지방의료원들의 경영활동 운영자금 조달방법들이 당기순이익에 미치는 영향을 살펴본 결과 의료수익, 의료부대수익, 기부금수익, 기타 의료외수익에 의한 운영자금 조달비율이 당기순이익에 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤으며, 고유목적사업준비금 전입액에 의한 조달비율이 당기순이익에 부정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었다. 따라서 지방의료원들이 바람직한 경영활동을 위해서는 비용관리에 있어서 자체발생수익, 내부에 유보할 수 있는 자금 등을 고려할 필요성이 제기된다.

• 수산경영론집
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.1-23
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• 2010

This study is to evaluate member fisheries cooperatives' self-effort for managerial improvement qualitatively and quantitatively. The impaired member cooperatives' got grant from National Federations of Fisheries Cooperatives for managerial improvement for 2003~2004 with establishment of MOU. This MOU describes a self-effort of memebr cooperatives' required fulfillment items for managerial improvement. From the various level of analyses, we conclude that per capita total return or ROA has direct and positive effect on the improvement of net capital ratio or profit ratio. However, other MOU items like human resource management or an investment increment did not have a correlation with it. In addition, an aggregate financial indicator, such as ROA, seems to have a positive effect on the improvement of net capital ratio or profit ratio for the group of well restructured member cooperatives, but does not for the bad performance group. This is because the good performance has leads to the improvement of net capital ratio for the well-restructured member cooperatives since there is little chance to have additional weakness. From this study we can check the proper selection of MOU items should be based on the analysis of its effect on the managerial improvement.

• 수산경영론집
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.31-41
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• 2012

This paper was conducted to study the economic valuation for Nursery-Phase production of the tidal flat oyster in Korea. Benefit-cost(B/C) model used to indicate the effects of economic valuation. Using discounting rates(i.e., 4.5%, 6.5% and 8.5%), the model compared revenues and costs that occur at different times from 2012 to 2018. This study also estimated various submodels, which are Benefit Cost Ratio(B/C ratio), Net Present Value(NPV), Internal Ration of Return(IRR), to compare profit of Nursery-Phase production styles and analyzed returns to evaluate the scenarios. Sensitivity analysis were conducted for various scenarios. The results suggest as follows. First, the oyster spat to the shell height of 3~5cm was more profit than the shell height of 1~3cm. Second, all of sensitivity analysis with submodels were economic valuation such that B/C ratio > 1, NPV > 0 and IRR > discounting rate. Third, the payback period was about 3years after installed Nursery-Phase production system.

• 한국정보시스템학회지:정보시스템연구
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.107-124
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• 2005

ERP systems are comprehensive sorfware packages that seek to integrate the complete range of lbusiness processes and functions in order to present a heuristic perspectives of a firm from a single information and information technlogy architecture. The ERP systems have delicate internal controls with built-in devices. It is known that the delicate internal controls help to enhance the accounting transparency. We empirically investigate the relationship between the ERP systems inplementations and an accounting transparency. In order to measure the accounting transparency differences, we compare the ERP systems implementation firms with firms which did not implement the ERP systems by 6 financial ratios (accruals, net profit margin, operation cash folo to sales, total debt to equity, accounts receivable changes, assets quality). Data are collecte from 135 firms implemented the ERP systems and 135 firms non-implemented the systems (the firms listed in the Korea Stock Exchange). We analyze financial statements from 270 firms for the period 2001-2003 to ezamine the 6 financial ratios differences. The results of 810 firms analyses over the 3-year period indicate that the ERP systems implementation firms show the statistically significant differences in the accrual ratio, the net profit margin ratio, operating cash flow to sales ratio, and total debt to equity ratio from the ERP systems non-implementation firms. But there is statistically no differences between the two groups for accounts receivable changes to sales ratio and assets quality.

• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.111-121
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• 2015

A correct information of customer returns ratio under e-commerce is not always shared between supply chain (SC) members. Also, it is important issue for SC members to handle the unsold products in a market. This paper discusses the impact of information sharing of customer returns ratio on an optimal sales strategy including resale of customer returns and buyback policy for a SC under e-commerce with a manufacturer and a retailer. A retailer sells a single product and resells the resalable customer returns in the same market. A manufacturer produces the products and buys back the unsold products as to their quality from the retailer. The integrated SC (ISC) determines the optimal product order quantity to maximize the expected profit of the whole SC. The decentralized SC (DSC) makes the optimal decisions for order quantity and the wholesale price of products to maximize the expected profit of each SC member. The effect of information sharing is discussed between SC members under ISC and DSC. The analysis numerically investigates how information sharing of the returns ratio affects the optimal decision and the expected profits under ISC and DSC. Besides, effect of SC coordination to encourage the shift to ISC is discussed.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.490-502
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• 1998

본 연구는 우리 나라 병원도산 예측모형을 도출하기 위한 연구로 1992년에서 1997년 사이 5년간의 전국 병원 경영통계 자료를 이용하여 1995년부터 1997년 사이에 도산한 병원중도산전 3년까지의 연속된 자료가 있는 31개 병원을, 비교군 병원은 도산병원과 유사한 병상규모를 가지고 당기순이익이 발생한 31개 우량병원을 선정하여 단계적 판별분석에 의한 실증연구를 시행하였다. 본 연구의 구체적 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 도산전 각 연도별로 도산병원과 우량병원간에 연구변수의 단순 평균치분석 결과, 자본구조 지표인 자기자본비율과 수익성지표인 총자본의료이익을, 의료수익의료이익을, 총자본경상이익을, 의료수익경상이익율, 총자본순이익을 등은 도산 1, 2, 3년전 모두에서 도산병원과 우량병원간에 유의한 차이를 보였다. 자본고정성지표는 도산 1년전에 고정비율이 유의한 차이를 보였고, 유동성지표는 도산 1년전에는 유동비율과 당좌비율이 유의한 차이를 보였고 도산 2년전에는 당좌비율만이 유의한 차이를 보였다. 활동성지표로는 도산 1년전에 총자본회전율과 재고자산회전율이 유의한 차이를 보였고 도산 2년전에는 총자본회전율과 의료미수금회전율이, 도산 3년전에는 의료미수금회전율만이 유의한 차이를 보였다. 생산성지표로는 도산 2년전에 총자본투자효율이, 도산 3년전에는 조정환자1인당 부가가치가 유의한 차이를 보였다. 진료실적지표로는 도산 3년전 일평균재원환자수가 유의한 차이를 보였다. 둘째, 도산 1, 2, 3년전 판별함수는 각각 도산 1년전 Z=($0.0166\times$당좌비율)-($0.1356\times$총자본경상이익을)-($1.545\times$총자본회전을), 도산 2년전 Z=($0.0119\times$당좌비율)-($0.1433\times$총자본의료이익율)-($0.0227\times$총자본투자효율), 도산 3년전 Z=($0.3533\times$총자본순이익율)-($0.1336\times$의료미수금회전율)-($0.04301\times$조정환자1인당부가가치)+($0.000119\times$일평균재원환자수)이었다. 셋째, 도출된 도산 1, 2, 3년전 각 판별함수의 예측력은 77.42%, 79.03%, 82.25% 이었다.

• 대한산업공학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.216-222
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• 2008

The determination of spectrum charges for the operators is a main issue to efficiently manage the limited radio spectrum resources. In this paper, we propose a model to compute the optimal charges for radio spectrum usage. The objective is to determine that will maximize the spectrum charges, and decision variables of ratios for actual or estimated revenues are considered. The spectrum charges are maximized under satisfying the least profit for operators based on Log-Linear demand function. The parameters of actual sales and minimum profit of operators are analyzed to make an efficient management for radio spectrum. The results show that the spectrum charges increase as the actual sales increase, but it decrease as the required minimum profit of operator increases. It is also observed that the government should increase the ratio for estimated sales if anticipating the poor market in the future, otherwise they should increase the ratio for actual sales to maximize the spectrum charges.