• 항공우주정책ㆍ법학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.155-175
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• 2007

As intellectual terror threats increase, we feel the limit in coping with those threats and the things we do are placing traditional X-ray machines & ETD and increasing aviation security staffs. In fact, even if air transportation system is the fast and most efficient transportation methods, it is true that there are many inconveniences to endure due to terror threats. In the name of security, even if we make a lot of efforts and time to screen both good-natured passengers, baggage, cargo and suspicious passengers, it is impossible to screen perfectly and it is not an efficient methods. Therefore, we introduce profiling system that reduce the effort to screen good-natured passengers but focus on screening dangerous passengers and baggages. Profiling system strengthens aviation security, using the concept "Selection & Concentration". Israel started to introduce manual profiling system in aviation security, which is interviewing suspicious passengers and it has been used in crime investigation since 1960. And it has been upgraded and diversified to CAPPS(Computer Assisted Passenger Screening Program) and SPOT(Screening Passenger by Observation). So, this theses is to study on the concept & kind of profiling and profiling methods adopted in airlines. Also it presents the method of introduction of profiling system in Korea and the necessity of making law on it.

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.35-41
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• 2014

Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) methods have been used extensively in clinical steroid analyses. Evaluating the metabolic ratios of precursors to products by accurate quantification of individual steroid levels in biological samples can reveal the activities of enzymes associated with steroid metabolism. This review article discusses the impact of GC-MS-based steroid profiling on our understanding of the biochemical role of steroids and their metabolic enzymes in hormone-dependent diseases, such as congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), cortisol-mediated hypertension, apparent mineralocorticoid excess (AME), male-pattern baldness, and breast and thyroid cancers. Steroid profiling is a comprehensive analytical technique that can be applied whenever the highest specificity is required and may be a reasonable initial diagnostic approach.

• 정보보호학회논문지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.15-23
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• 2017

템플릿 공격은 공격 대상 장비와 동일한 테스트 장비를 보유한 경우에 수행할 수 있는 강력한 부채널 분석 방법이다. 템플릿 공격은 테스트 장비를 이용하여 비밀정보에 대한 템플릿을 구성하는 프로파일링 단계와 공격 대상 장비에서 수집한 전력 파형을 템플릿과 비교하여 비밀정보를 찾는 매칭 단계로 구성된다. 템플릿 공격의 성능을 향상시키는 방법 중 하나는 가우시안 분포에 대한 템플릿의 추정을 향상시키는 것이다. 그러나 프로파일링 단계에서 각 중간값에 대한 템플릿을 계산할 때 사용되는 전력 파형의 수가 제한된다면 템플릿 계산이 부정확해진다. 본 논문에서는 프로파일링 단계에서 템플릿을 계산하기 위해 사용하는 파형의 수가 제한될 때 노이즈 파형으로 간주되는 전력 파형을 제거하는 방법론을 제시한다. 제시한 방법론에 따라 노이즈로 간주되는 전력 파형을 제외하여 템플릿을 구성할 경우에 템플릿 추정의 정확도가 향상되어 템플릿 공격의 성능이 향상된다. 또한 본 논문에서는 실험을 통해 템플릿 공격의 성능이 향상됨을 보임으로써 제시한 방법론이 타당함을 증명한다.

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.110-114
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• 2014

The method of direct mass spectrometry profiling is reliable and reproducible for the rapid identification of clinical isolates of bacteria and fungi. This is the first study evaluating the approach of MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry profiling for rapid identification of carbapenemase-resistant enterobacteriaceae (CRE). Proof of concept was achieved by the discrimination of CRE using MALDI Biotyper MS based on the protein. This profiling appears promising by the visual observation of consistent unique peaks, albeit low intensity, that could be picked up from the mean spectra (MSP) method. The Biotyper MSP creation and identification methods needed to be optimized to provide significantly improved differences in scores to allow for subspecies identification with and without carbapenemases. These spectra were subjected to visual peak picking and in all cases; there were pertinent differences in the presence or absence of potential biomarker peaks to differentiate isolates. We also evaluated this method for potential discrimination between different carbapenemases bacteria, utilizing the same strategy. Based on our data and pending further investigation in other CREs, MALDI-TOF MS has potential as a diagnostic tool for the rapid identification of even closely related carbapenemases but would require a paradigm shift in which Biotyper suppliers enable more flexible software control of mass spectral profiling methods.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2012년도 제42회 동계 정기 학술대회 초록집
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• pp.274-274
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• 2012

In-depth analysis by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) is very important for the development of electronic devices using multilayered structures, because the quantity and depth distribution of some elements are critical for the electronic properties. Correct determination of the interface locations is critical for the calibration of the depth scale in SIMS depth profiling analysis of multilayer films. However, the interface locations are distorted from real ones by the several effects due to sputtering with energetic ions. In this study, the determination of interface locations in SIMS depth profiling of multilayer films was investigated by Si/Ge and Ti/Si multilayer systems. The original SIMS depth profiles were converted into compositional depth profiles by the relative sensitivity factors (RSF) derived from the atomic compositions of Si-Ge and Si-Ti alloy reference films determined by Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy. The thicknesses of the Si/Ge and Ti/Si multilayer films measured by SIMS depth profiling with various impact energy ion beam were compared with those measured by TEM. There are two methods to determine the interface locations. The one is the feasibility of 50 atomic % definition in SIMS composition depth profiling. And another one is using a distribution of SiGe and SiTi dimer ions. This study showed that the layer thicknesses measured with low energy oxygen and Cs ion beam and, by extension, with method of 50 atomic % definition were well correlated with the real thicknesses determined by TEM.

• 한국마이크로전자및패키징학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국마이크로전자및패키징학회 2000년도 Proceedings of 5th International Joint Symposium on Microeletronics and Packaging
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• pp.17-17
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• 2000

The issue of reflow profiling continues to be a complex topic. The pains often associated with profiling can be reduced greatly if certain guidelines are followed and if there is a strong understanding of the variables that can be encountered during the reflow process. This paper shall discuss the appropriate guidelines and trouble shooting methods for reflow profiling, and in particular shall focus upon the benefits of implementing the linear ramp-to-spike profile. Delta T(T) is defined as the variation of temperature found on an assembly during the reflow process. Too large of a T can result in soldering defects, so to combat T a Ramp-Soak-Spike(RSS) reflow profile often is utilized. However, when using a newer-style reflow oven, the T often is minimized or eliminated, thus, the soak zone of the reflow profile becomes an unnecessary step. Because of this, the implementation of a linear Ramp-To-Spike(RTS) reflow profile should be considered. Benefits such as reduced energy costs, reduced solder defects, increased efficiency, improved wetting, and a simplification of the reflow profile process may be experienced when using the RTS profile. Included in this paper are the suggested process parameters for setting up the RSS and RTS profiles and the chemical and metallurgical reactions that occur at each set point of these profiles. The paper concludes with a discussion and pictures of several profile-related defects. Each of these defects is described, analyzed, and instructions are given for troublshooting these defects.

• 정보보호학회논문지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.939-946
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• 2013

본 논문에서는 IEC 61850 기반 자동화 변전소 네트워크에서의 이상 징후 탐지를 위한 MMS/GOOSE 패킷 정상행위 프로파일링 방법을 제안한다. 기존에 주로 사용되고 있는 시그니처(signature) 기반의 보안 솔루션은 제로데이(zero-day) 취약점을 이용한 APT 공격에 취약에 취약할 수밖에 없다. 최근 제어시스템 환경에서의 이상 탐지(anomaly detection) 연구가 이뤄지고 있지만, 아직까지 IEC 61850 변전소 환경에서의 이상 탐지에 대한 연구는 잘 알려져 있지 않다. 제안하는 기법은 MMS/GOOSE 패킷에 대한 3가지 전처리(3-phase preprocessing) 방법과 one-class SVM 알고리즘을 이용한 정상 행위 모델링 방법을 포함한다. 본 논문에서 제시하는 방법은 IEC 61850 변전소 네트워크에 대한 APT 공격 대응 솔루션으로 활용될 것을 기대한다.

• Interdisciplinary Bio Central
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.14.1-14.9
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• 2010

Misidentification of cultured cell lines results in the generation of erroneous scientific data. Hence, it is very important to identify and eliminate cell lines with a different origin from that being claimed. Various methods, such as karyotyping and isozyme analysis, can be used to detect inter-species misidentification. However, these methods have proved of little value for identifying intra-species misidentification, and it will only be through the development and application of molecular biological approaches that this will become practical. Recently, the profiling of microsatellite variants has been validated as a means of detecting gene polymorphisms and has proved to be a simple and reliable method for identifying individual cell lines. Currently, the human cell lines provided by cell banks around the world are routinely authenticated by microsatellite polymorphism profiling. Unfortunately, this practice has not been widely adopted for mouse cells lines. Here we show that the profiling of microsatellite variants can be also applied to distinguish the commonly used mouse inbred strains and to determine the strain of origin of cultured cell lines. We found that approximately 4.2% of mouse cell lines have been misidentified; this is a similar rate of misidentification as detected in human cell lines. Although this approach cannot detect intra-strain misidentification, the profiling of microsatellite variants should be routinely carried out for all mouse cell lines to eliminate inter-strain misidentification.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.45-57
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• 2010

Background : If different cost efficiency indexes were informed to the same clinic depending on the inclusion or exclusion of pharmacy cost, it may impair the reliability of provider-profiling system. This study aimed to investigate whether the omission of pharmacy cost affects cost-efficiency rankings in medical clinics. Methods : Data for ambulatory care cost at 23,112 medical clinics were collected from the claims database, which was constructed after review by the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRA) of Korea in April 2007. We calculated two types of cost efficiency indexes by inclusion or exclusion of pharmacy cost for a medical clinic. The agreement between the decile rankings of the two indexes was also assessed using the weighted kappa statistic of Landis and Koch. Results : When the cost efficiency index for total cost including pharmacy cost was compared with the index for total cost excluding it, the agreement between the two indexes was only 55%. The agreements between the two indexes were relatively low within specialties which have larger pharmacy volume of total cost and lower correlation between total cost with or without pharmacy cost included than the average level of all the specialties. Conclusion : These results suggest that the omission of pharmacy cost may result in contradictory outcomes that may be confusing to a medical institution and may impair the reliability of provider-profiling systems. It is very important to standardize profiling criteria for the reliability of provider profiling system.

• 한국소프트웨어감정평가학회 논문지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.143-150
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• 2021

산업 현장에서 발생하는 다양한 안전사고의 원인이 되는 위험 요소를 분석하여 사용자에게 발생하는 안전사고를 줄일 수 있는 지능형 기술 개발에 대한 필요성이 커지고 있다. 본 논문에서는 산업 현장에서 발생하는 안전사고와 관련된 사용자 정보를 특정하고 모델링하여 사용자에게 일어나는 안전 사고를 미리 예방할 수 있는 사용자 안전 프로파일링에 대한 기술을 제안하였다. 사용자 프로파일링은 사용자의 혈압, 맥박, 움직임 등의 정보로부터 사용자의 생체, 작업 패턴, 작업 유형에 대한 안전 상태를 정(positive)과 부(negative)로 특정 및 모델링하고 딥러닝 인공지능 분석기술을 이용하여 사용자의 안전 상태를 정상과 비정상 상태로 분류할 수 있도록 하였다. 제안된 기술의 타당성을 검증하기 위하여 산업 현장에서 근무하는 사용자 5명을 대상으로 10종 이상의 사용자 정보를 리빙랩에서 획득하여 지능형 분석 시스템을 학습한 후 5개의 테스트 셋을 이용하여 정확도 시험을 반복 시행하여 93.6%의 사용자 안전 프로파일링 시스템의 정확도를 얻을 수 있었다.