• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 1996년도 사용종료 매립지의 안정화 에 관한 국제 세미나
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• pp.97-101
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• 1996

Municipal and sanitary landfills can pose environmental problems due to leachate, landfill gas md unstable geotechnical properties. Most governmental bodies delay the correction of landfill problems or landfill replacement until a crises stage is reached. The replacement of a landfill is often made difficult due to costly regulatory controls, public opposition to siting and the high cost of closure for the previous landfill unit. Solutions to extending landfill life and capacity Involve waste minimization by recycling, refuse compaction and waste-to-energy incineration. Incineration can reduce the volume of refuse by 50-95%. The largest installed bases of municipal waste Incinerators are located in Japan and the U.S. The volume of waste contained in a landfill can be estimated by load count tabulations, weight-and-volume measurements or a material balance analysis based on the trash profile of user categories. for an existing landfill, core samples may be collected and analyzed for use in a material balance analysis. Newly generated refuse contains approximately 50% of the heating value of coal. However, landfill properties vary significantly due to the waste profile of the contributors and biodegradation due to time and weathering. The volume of the Nanji-do landfill

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제17권7호
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• pp.1731-1739
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• 1993

An application of Scanning Tunneling Microscopy(STM) is investigated for the measurement of 3-dimensional profiles of the macro-machined patterns of which critical dimensions lie in the range of submicrometers. Special emphasis of this investigation is given to extending the measuring ranges of STM upto the order of several micrometers while maintaining superb nanometer measuring resolution. This is accomplished by correcting hysteresis effects of piezoelectric actuators by using non-linear compensation models. Detailed aspects of design and control of a prototype measurement system are described with some actual measuring examples in which fine It patterns can successfully be traced with a resolution of 1 nanometer over a surface range of $4{\times}2$ micrometers.

• E2M - 전기 전자와 첨단 소재
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• 제10권9호
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• pp.881-888
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• 1997

This study demonstrats the profiles of phosphorus ions in silicon by MeV implantation(1∼3 MeV). Implanted profiles could be measured by SIMS(Cameca 4f) and compared with simulation results(TRIM program and analytical description method only using on Pearson function). The experimental result in the peak concentration region has a little bit deviation from simulation data. By RBS and Channeling measurements the defect distribution of implanted samples could be measured and spectrum are calibrated depth with RUMP simulation By XTEM measurement the thickness of defect zone also could be measured. Finally thermal annealing for the electrical activation of implanted ions carried out by RTA(rapid thermal annealing). The concentration-depth profiles after heat treatment was measured by SR(spreading resistance)-method.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2006년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.23-24
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• 2006

We present a dispersive scheme of white-light interferometry that enables not only to perform tomographical measurements of thin-film layers but also to measure a refractive index without mechanical depth scanning. The interferometry is found useful particularly for in-situ 3-D inspection of micro-engineered surfaces such as liquid crystal displays, semi-conductor and MEMS structure, which requires for high-speed implementation of 3-D surface metrology.

• 대한전기학회논문지:전기물성ㆍ응용부문C
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• 제53권1호
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• pp.8-14
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• 2004

An O-mode Ultrashort Pulse Reflectometry (USPR) system has been designed and developed for the measurement of electron density profiles on the Sustained Spheromak Physics Experiment (SSPX) spheromak. In the original design of SSPX, peak densities were envisioned to be in the range of 0.5-3${\times}$10$^{14}$ cm$^{-3}$ . The total duration of formation and sustained discharges is typically ∼2 msec. Moreover, diagnostic access on SSPX is severely restricted. Such high density and short duration plasmas coupled with stringent diagnostic access are quite challenging for conventional reflectometer systems. In USPR, the SSPX diagnostic requirements have been successfully satisfied by employing up-converting mixers and monostatic horn/waveguide configuration. As a result, the USPR system has proven its applicability for the density measurement of a future fusion device. In the density profile measurements, the USPR system is capable of routinely generating density profiles with a temporal resolution of 57 $\mu$s. This paper presents details regarding the USPR fundamental principles, associated subsystems and laboratory tests as well as the experimental results obtained on SSPX

• 대한용접접합학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한용접접합학회 2005년도 춘계학술발표대회 개요집
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• pp.43-45
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• 2005

A precise bonding technique, transmission laser bonding using energy transfer, for polymer micro devices is presented. The irradiated IR laser beam passes through the transparent part and absorbed on the opaque part. The absorbed energy is converted to heat and bonding takes place. In order to optimize the bonding quality, the temperature profile on the interface must be obtained. Using optical measurements of the both plates, the absorbed energy can be calculated and heat transfer model was applied for obtaining the transient temperature profile. The transmission laser bonding has a potential in the local precise bonding in MEMS or Lab-on-a-chip.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제11권9호
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• pp.739-745
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• 1998

The objective of this paper is to provide experimental data of Er(rare- earth)doped $SiO_2$thin film made by sputtering methods. The deposition rate of silica glass by sputtering method was 55$\AA$/min. In EDD measurements, the average Er concentration in the deposited film was 0.77(wt%). After annealing at $900^{\circ}C$, the Cl concentration decreased from 3.79(wt%) to 1.52(wt%). The refractive indices of the core $n_1$, cladding $n_2$ were 1.458, 1.558 respectively at 632.8 nm. The refractive index difference between core and cladding, $\Delta$n was 0.1. The refractive index profile of core and cladding interface shows step profile. In the study, $SiO_2$ glass films of Si wafer were successfully doped with active erbium. Therefore, this experimental data will be applicable for fabrications of Er doped planar integrated optical device.

• Journal of Information Display
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.24-28
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• 2003

We studied the anchoring properties in photo-aligned periodic domains of liquid crystals (LCs) in an alternating homeotropic and hybrid geometry. In this geometry, the surface anchoring energy was determined in using the director-distorted length of the LC near domain boundary, calculated in a linear approximation of the director profile within the continuum theory. The measurements were made using the LC diffraction grating with the phase profile in the form of a trapezoid.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.55-60
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• 2005

A precise bonding technique, transmission laser bonding using energy transfer, for polymer micro devices is presented. The irradiated IR laser beam passes through the transparent part and absorbed on the opaque part. The absorbed energy is converted into heat and bonding takes place. In order to optimize the bonding quality, the temperature profile on the interface must be obtained. Using optical measurements of the both plates, the absorbed energy can be calculated. At the wavelength of 1100nm $87.5\%$ of incident laser energy was used for bonding process from the calculation. A heat transfer model was applied for obtaining the transient temperature profile. It was found that with the power of 29.5 mW, the interface begins to melt and bond each other in 3 sec and it is in a good agreement with experiment results. The transmission IR laser bonding has a potential in the local precise bonding in MEMS or Lab-on-a-chip applications.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.193-211
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• 2013

This paper presents results from a wind tunnel study that examined the drag coefficient and wind flow over an asymmetric wave train immersed in turbulent boundary layer flow. The modeled wavy surface consisted of eight replicas of a statistically-valid hurricane-generated wave, located near the coast in the shoaling wave region. For an aerodynamically rough model surface, the air flow remained attached and a pronounced speed-up region was evident over the wave crest. A wavelength-averaged drag coefficient was determined using the wind profile method, common to both field and laboratory settings. It was found that the drag coefficient was approximately 50% higher than values obtained in deep water hurricane conditions. This study suggests that nearshore wave drag is markedly higher than over deep water waves of similar size, and provides the groundwork for assessing the impact of nearshore wave conditions on storm surge modeling and coastal wind engineering.