• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.42-49
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• 2015

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the difference of perception on direct-to-consumer advertisement (DTCA) of prescription drugs between healthcare providers and consumers. Methods: The online and offline survey was conducted from May 26th to June 5th, 2013. The questionnaire was composed of 15 items about perception on DTCA of prescription drugs. Results: A total of 215 healthcare providers and 202 consumers responded to the questionnaire. Consumers had an overall positive attitude on permitting DTCA of prescription drugs and carried favorable views about the influence of the DTCA of prescription drugs on providing drug information, promoting communications between healthcare providers and consumers, and improving images of healthcare providers. Healthcare providers displayed negative perception for the needs of permitting the DTCA of prescription drugs compared to consumers. They showed somewhat skeptical perception about the influence of the DTCA of prescription drugs on necessities and efficiencies of delivering drug information, promoting communications between healthcare providers and consumers, and improving images of healthcare providers. Both healthcare providers and consumers were concerned about the increase of drug prices following the increase in advertisement expenses of pharmaceutical products. Conclusion: This study identified the perception differences on direct-to-consumer advertisements of prescription drugs between healthcare providers and consumers. This study could be of much help in the process of review on permitting DTCA of prescription drugs in Korea.

• International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.95-110
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• 2013

We report various synchrotron radiation laboratory based techniques used to characterize cement based materials in nanometer scale. High resolution X-ray transmission imaging combined with a rotational axis allows for rendering of samples in three dimensions revealing volumetric details. Scanning transmission X-ray microscope combines high spatial resolution imaging with high spectral resolution of the incident beam to reveal X-ray absorption near edge structure variations in the material nanostructure. Microdiffraction scans the surface of a sample to map its high order reflection or crystallographic variations with a micron-sized incident beam. High pressure X-ray diffraction measures compressibility of pure phase materials. Unique results of studies using the above tools are discussed-a study of pores, connectivity, and morphology of a 2,000 year old concrete using nanotomography; detection of localized and varying silicate chain depolymerization in Al-substituted tobermorite, and quantification of monosulfate distribution in tricalcium aluminate hydration using scanning transmission X-ray microscopy; detection and mapping of hydration products in high volume fly ash paste using microdiffraction; and determination of mechanical properties of various AFm phases using high pressure X-ray diffraction.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제1권3호
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• pp.129-135
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• 2001

Purpose: Dysplasia or flat adenoma of the stomach is regarded as a precancerous lesion. However, the frequency and the evolutionary process of malignant transformation of gastric dysplasia are still debated. In order to see whether the lesion was a monoclonal or a polyclonal proliferation, clonality was assayed by X-linked HUMARA polymorphism. Materials and Methods: DNA was extracted from the paraffin-embedded tissue of 16 consecutive cases of endoscopic biopsy, eight of which supplied both dysplastic and nondysplastic tissue for comparison. HUMARA was amplified by PCR with or without pretreatment with methylationsensitive restriction enzyme, HpaII. The amplification products were electrophoresed on polyacrylamide gel and silver-stained. Results: Among the 16 cases, 13 cases were informative and 3 cases noninformative. Of the 13 cases, one case showed skewed lyonization, rendering 12 cases to be analyzed further. A monoclonal band pattern was noted in 2 cases, and a polyclonal band pattern in 10 cases. A review of the histopathologies of the monoclonal and the polyclonal cases did not reveal features discriminating the two groups. Conclusion: These results suggest that gastric dysplasia is a disease entity heterogeneous in the genetic level, and many cases may be non-neoplastic.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.16-23
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• 2017

For most machine tools, it is necessary to remove chips and coolant oil because it they will continue to be created during the manufacture of workpieces. Existing products that are in use are installed and used as they reflect depending on the characteristics of each device separately. This study proposes a method to remove the security chip as well as developing an integrated system capable of reducing coolant damage. The Leverage AutoCAD and CATIA program was used for 2D and 3D design, shapes were identified by utilizing the KeyShot program, and the load and displacement analysis of the development apparatus was performed utilizing the ANSYS program. After the prototype underwent sufficient design review, the mixed oil separation device had a complete sensor control program using the LabVIEW program. The chip design process for transferring experiments and experiments on the mixed oil cooling device were developed for performance tests of the product. The final product resulted in an increase in space utilization during commercialization, reduced installation costs, and caused social effects such as pulmonary flow reduction, which, through the economic costs, reduces pollution, resulting in various benefits to the industry, such as deceased errors in the workplace decreases.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제12권12호
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• pp.119-125
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• 2012

산업구조의 발전에 따라서 제품의 기능이 변화하고 그 결과에 따라 제품의 크기, 무게가 결정된다고 해도 과언이 아닐 것이다. 우리가 실생활에 주로 사용하는 중소형의 생활기기를 개발하는데 많은 시간이 소요되었다. 많은 시간이 소요되던 개발시간을 단축시키는 방법 중의 하나로 진공주형기의 등장은 디자인프로세스를 획기적으로 단축시키는 방법이었다. 간단하게 시제품을 만드는데 있어 크기와 형태에 제안은 있지만 단 몇 시간 안에 복제 또는 간단한 형상을 제작 가능하다. 본 논문은 진공주형의 제작 및 사용방법 중심으로 디자인개발과 가치를 향상 시키고 기업의 생산성과 경쟁력을 통한 산업구조의 체질적 취약성을 보안하고 급변하는 산업 구조 하에서 시대적 요구에 맞는 경제성장을 위하여 미래의 부가가치로 실현 시킬 수 있는 분야로써 진공주형을 통한 디자인개발의 역할을 검토 제안하는데 연구의 목적을 두었다.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제59권
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• pp.3-26
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• 2013

The purpose of this paper is to examine the several points at issue in international technology transfer contract from licensor's and licensee's perspectives, and to refer them when the licensor and the licensee draw up the contract. This author analyzed the critical points of the related provisions of ICC Model International Technology Transfer Contract(2009) by citing the explanations of the Introduction of the Model Contract. The provisions of the Model Contract are generally divided into two categolies; specific conditions and general conditions. This author selected four topics in the specific conditions; Contents of the Contract, Royalty, Modification and/or Improvements of Products, and Territory and Competition. Likewise this author selected three topics in the general conditions; Resolutions of Disputes, Applicable Law and Taxes. Both parties need to be mindful of the following points in the above topics, when they draw up the contract. First, both parties should make the definitions of special terminologies clear, which are included in the Contract. Second, before the parties sign the Contract, they should check any approvals to be necessary by the both countries' governments. Third, for the calculation of the royalty, they should clear the criteria, the scope, and the object. Fourth, as the local laws or regional laws regarding the territory limitation and taxation are mandatory, any provisions of the Contract should not be inconsistent with them. Therefore, both parties should check before-hand the local laws or rules related with the provisions of the Contract. Fifth, when the parties draw up the Contract, they should examine the Provisions of Dispute Resolution in consideration of the Governing Law. Thus both parties decide to make the technology transfer contract, the three aspects namely profitability, legal conflict with mandatory rules, and sustainability of the business resulting from the Contract should be examined in advance, and then proceed the business using the technology transfer.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2020

The latest definition of a prebiotic is "a substrate that is selectively utilized by host microorganisms conferring a health benefit"; it now includes non-food elements and is applicable to extra-intestinal tissues. Prebiotics are recognized as a promising tool in the promotion of general health and in the prevention and treatment of numerous juvenile diseases. Prebiotics are considered an immunoactive agent, with the potential for long-lasting effects extending past active administration of the prebiotic. Because of its extremely low risk of serious adverse effects, ease of administration, and strong potential for influencing the composition and function of the microbiota in the gut and beyond, the beneficial clinical applications of prebiotics are expanding. Prebiotics are the third largest component of human breast milk. Preparations including galactooligosaccharides (GOS), fructooligosaccharides (FOS), 2'-fucosyllactose, lacto-N-neo-tetraose are examples of commonly used and studied products for supplementation in baby formula. In particular, the GOS/FOS combination is the most studied. Maintaining a healthy microbiome is essential to promote homeostasis of the gut and other organs. With more than 1,000 different microbial species in the gut, it is likely more feasible to modify the gut microbiota through the use of certain prebiotic mixtures rather than supplementing with a particular probiotic strain. In this review, we discuss the latest clinical evidence regarding prebiotics and its role in gut immunity, allergy, infections, inflammation, and functional gastrointestinal disorders.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.25-37
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• 2009

유전성 말초신경병은 유전운동감각신경병증, 유전운동신경병증, 유전감각신경병증으로 분류된다. 이들은 세부 아형들로 더 세분화된다. 여기서 우리는 유전성 말초신경병증의 분자적 진단과 치료적 전략에 관한 최근의 발견을 제시하고자 한다. 유전성 말초신경병증의 표현형과 연관된 유전자의 산물은 신경구조유지, 축삭의 수송, 신경신호 변환, 세포보전과 관계된 기능들에 중요하다. 유전성 말초신경병증의 분자적 기초의 수립과 관련 유전자들과 그들의 기능에 관한 연구는 이러한 신경퇴행성 질환들의 병리 생리학적 기전과 말초신경계의 기능 및 정상적 발달에 관련된 일련의 과정을 이해하는데 중요하다. 말초신경병의 병인에대한 이해와 이러한 접근은 미래에 보조적 그리고 치유적 치료들을 개발하는데 있어 유전성 말초신경병증의 환자들의 진단과 관리에 도움이 될 것이다.

• 경영정보학연구
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.209-231
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• 2009

최근, 제조기업들의 일반적인 추세는 제품들이 보다 더 고객화 되어가고 있으며, 제품수영주기가 짧아지고 있다는 것이다. 이러한 제조기업들에 있어서, 고객들은 종종 자신들이 주문한 제품의 제조과정 동안에 자신들의 요구사항들을 지속적으로 반영하기를 원하며, 또한 자신들의 요구사항들이 충족된 제품을 인도받기를 원한다. 이러한 기업 환경을 고객지향 수주생산 환경이라고 한다. 본 논문에서는 고객지향 수주생산 환경에 적합한 제품정보 통합시스템 (PDIS: Product Data Integration System) 구축을 위한 정보시스템 개발 방법론을 정립하고, 또한 정립된 방법론을 이용하여 대표적인 고객지향산 제품인 'H'중공업의 선박엔진 제품을 대상으로 PDIS 구축 사례를 제시하였다. 현재 구축된 PDIS는 현업에서 성공적으로 운영되고 있다. 그 결과, 납기시간이 단축되고, 고객과의 관계가 향상되었으며, 그리고 제품수명주기 동안 기업 내 부서간의 업무 협력이 향상되었다.

• 경영정보학연구
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.109-127
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• 2007

소비자와 판매자간의 거래에서 화폐가치는 소비자의 구매의사결정시 중요한 기준이 된다. 화폐가치는 소비자가 지불한 가격에 대해서 제품과 서비스로부터 얻게 되는 가치의 복합적인 척도이다. 본 연구의 목적은 화폐가치를 기반으로 한 소비자의 판매자 선택을 지원해 주기 위한 것이다. 이를 위해서 본 연구에서는 소비자와 판매자간의 거래를 위한 DEA 모형을 제안하고 국내 비교쇼핑 사이트에서의 적용방안을 제시하였다. DEA 모형을 기반으로 한 판매자 추천정보는 최상의 제품과 서비스를 최저의 가격으로 구매하고자 하는 소비자들에게 유익한 정보로 활용될 것이다. 또한 본 기법은 경쟁이 치열해지고 있는 판매자들에게 경쟁우위를 갖추기 위한 전략으로 활용 될 것으로 기대된다.