• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.659-667
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• 2009

Casein is considered to be the main source of protein in milk; therefore, many studies have been conducted to identify casein-derived bioactive peptides and their physiological effects. Casein is inactive within the parent protein but can be liberated by various proteases and enzymatic hydrolysis during microbial fermentation and gastrointestinal digestion. Once absorbed, casein exhibits different bioavailabilities in the body. Specifically, casein-derived peptides function as angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor in the cardiovascular system; thus, they are expected to reduce and prevent hypertension. Additionally, casein-derived peptides behave as opioid-like peptides in the nervous system, which impacts relaxation. These peptides are also expected to modulate various aspects of immune functions. Finally, caseinophosphopeptide (CPP) and glycomacropeptide (GMP) may exhibit a number of nutritional effects such as the absorption of calcium, iron or zinc. Many studies have been conducted to evaluate casein-derived peptides due to their multifunctional properties and the results of these studies have contributed to the development of a wide variety of functional dairy products. The purpose of this paper was to review the generation of bioactive peptides, their absorption and metabolism, and their specific bioactive effects.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.47-54
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• 2011

This paper presents exploratory research on consumer awareness and attitudesabout organic food, for which consumer demand continues to increase the paper also assesses consumers' organic food distribution channel preferences. By conducting a literature review, a case study has been carried out in order to glean customer behavior, market condition and typesof distribution channels, and development of specialty stores for organic foods. The early research indicates that consumer awareness and customer attitudes toward organic food are mostly positive however, organic food's high price, as well as a lack of organic food stores, cause a negative effect on consumers' purchase intention. Secondly, the U.S. organic food retail channel consists of such mainstream supermarket/grocery stores and leading natural and organic food supermarket chains as Whole Foods, Trader Joe's, and Sunflower Farmers Market. For the current retail distribution of organic food in Korea, off-line stores are composed of direct management stores and franchise chains. Most of the organic food retail distribution operates through the Internet shopping mall, and are commonly located at retail distribution centers as multi-channel, shop-in-shop stores. Moreover, unlike in the U.S., association and consumers' cooperatives (Co-Ops), and such other member-direct retail stores as Hansallim, iCOOP, Nature Dream,and online shopping malls, are all active in Korea. Thirdly, as a result of an analysis of the present state of the organic food retail channel, as well as building a case for organic food specialty stores, the distinctive featuresand rapid growth of such unique organic food stores as Whole Foods Market, or Trader Joe's successful downsizing strategies, as well as Sunflower Farmers Market low-price approach, show steady industry growth. Moreover, as a result of a case studyof such domestic representative organic food specialty stores as "Olga" and "Chorokmaeul," a similar management style to the United States' "Whole Foods Market" and "Trader Joe's," respectively, can be seen. Similar to the U.S. market, Korean organic food markets should also implement active retail distribution opportunities, allowing consumers to select from various diverse and differentiated choices. In order to accomplish this goal, it is necessary to prepare such measures as sustaining reasonable prices, securing various suppliers for unique products,and improving consumer trust through advertisement strategies that are suitable for each company's branding processes.

• Review of Culture and Economy
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.29-62
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• 2014

Game industry, one of cultural-content industry which is considered as a typical knowledge-based industry and creative industry, is not like the overseas expansion of traditional manufacture, and has different strategy and performance of export expansion through product or project-based strategy. Therefore, it should be approached by each content unit, and necessary to look at the factors that make their decision makings of foreign market entry vary. This study focuses on discovering creativity, absorptive capacity and strategic orientation(market orientation and innovation orientation) which affect the difference of distribution's decision making of entry into foreign market in game industry This paper examined 252 cases of online games in order to investigate creativity, absorptive capacity and strategic orientations for each foreign market and what entry type(among licensing, joint distribution, exclusive distribution) they chose according to the products developed in team level. This helps us analyze the factors affecting market orientation and innovation orientation in the perspectives of creativity and absorptive capacity in comprehensive way, and notice the phenomena which use different foreign distribution strategy though there are company incorporated abroad and their results. This study supplements the limit of the existing Resource-Based View, Resource-Dependent View, and traditional international business theories such as Transaction Cost Theory or OLI Paradigm(Eclectic Framework), and proves how company could reduce asymmetry of uncertainty and information in creative industry and whether they accomplish successful overseas expansion according to strategic orientations.

• Review of Culture and Economy
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.85-104
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• 2018

The studies related to the price of artworks have focused on how factors that are determined on production level, such as artists and the artwork materials of the studies, affect the artwork prices. As 'Dansekhwa' is in the spotlight within local Korean art auction matket, this study would like to analyze the trend of the price changes of 'Dansekhwa' with its growing popularity among the public. We have estimated the price changes based on 4,199 auction data of 20 artists with top 20 auction prices selected by the Korean Art Price Appraisal Association, between 2005 and 2016. Also, in order to compare and analyze the price changes of the 'Dansekhwa' products, we have classified the 20 artists into groups of Dansekhwa and non-Dansekhwa. Starting from 2013, when Dansekhwa has first appeared, we applied the Difference in the Difference model(DiD) to estimate the result. As a result, the difference between two groups showed 71% of price difference due to the increase in popularity of Dansekhwa. This result proves that recognition level has an important role for increase in price of an artwork. Moreover, the fact that the formalized style of Dansekhwa has linked to the appreciation of the price means that production of information could play an essential role in growth of art market. As recognition level of Korean artists and their artworks is considerably low within the local art market, putting in the effort to increase the popularity of artworks among the public might be a helpful way to magnify the potential demand.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.261-281
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• 2016

Our knowledge of the lithosphere beneath the Korean Peninsula has been improved through petrologic and geochemical studies of upper mantle xenoliths hosted by Quaternary intraplate alkali basalts from Jeju Island. The xenoliths are mostly spinel lherzolites, accompanied by subordinate harzburgite and pyroxenites. The mantle xenoliths represent residual mantle material showing textural and geochemical evidence for at least a three-stage evolution, fractional partial melting, recrystallization, and metasomatism. Their composition primarily controlled by early fractional melt extraction and porphyroclastic and mylonitic fabrics formed in a shear-dominated environment, which was subsequently modified by residual slab-derived fluids (or melts). Modal metasomatic products occur as both anhydrous phase(orthopyroxene) and hydrous phase (phlogopite). Late-stage orthopyroxene is more common than phlogopite. However, chemical equilibrium is evident between the primary and secondary orthopyroxene, implying that the duration of post-metasomatic high temperatures enabled complete resetting/reequilibration of the mineral compositions. The metasomatic enrichment pre-dates the host Jeju Quaternary magmatism, and a genetic relationship with the host magmas is considered unlikely. Following enrichment in the peridotite protolith in the mantle wedge, the upper mantle beneath proto-Jeju Island was transformed from a subarc environment to an intraplate environment. The Jeju peridotites, representing old subarc fragments, were subsequently transported to the surface, incorporated into ascending Quaternary intraplate alkali basalt. The result of this study implies that long term material transfer in the transformation of geotectonic setting from a subarc to intraplate may have played a significant role in the evolution of lithospheric mantle, resulting in the enriched mantle domains, such as EM I or EM II in the lithospheric mantle beneath East Asia.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.775-782
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• 2021

The Myodo-Strait at Yeosu Port is normally used as a major vessel passage for dangerous cargo carriers that carry regular products of dangerous goods. Currently, the Myodo-Strait allows only single passage, and the speed of passage is also limited to 8 knots. As a result, demurrage at the wharf of hazardous goods are also on the rise. It is expected that the development of a number of dangerous commodity wharf in the future will increase the volume of vessel traffic and increase the number of vessels used in the project area. Therefore, it is urgent to improve the waterway in order to secure the safety of ships using the waterway and improve the demurrage. This study proposed an improvement plan for the waterway through the analysis of the marine environment of the waterway and the process of collecting opinions from users in the sea area. and it was finally proposed to expend the width of the strait to 300m and secure a depth of 9.50m through Guidelines of Port and Harbor Design review and ship handling simulation evaluation. In addition it was evaluated that the vessel traffic congestions at peak-time in the situation of solo passage was greatly improved from 71.01% to 47.3% even when it was allowed to ship's crossing passage, as a result of vessel traffic congestions evaluation. According to the proposed improvement plan, the safety of ships' passage in the project area can be secured, and the issue of demurrage was also considered to be improved.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.277-306
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• 2019

Mackerel is one of the most widely consumed aquatic products in Korea. Concerns about the depletion of stocks have also arisen as the catch has decreased. The primary purpose of this study is to estimate the mackerel stock and derive the optimal level of catch in Korea. We apply a generalized maximum entropy econometric method to estimate the mackerel growth function, which does not require the steady state assumption. We incorporate a bootstrapping approach to derive the significance levels of parameter estimates. We found that the average ratio of catch to the estimated total stock was less than 30% before the 1990s but exceeded 40% in the 1990s. After 2000, it dropped back to about 36%. This finding indicates that mackerel may have been over-fished in the 1990s, but the government regulations introduced in the 2000s alleviated over-fishing problems. Nevertheless, our dynamic optimization analysis suggests that the total allowable catch may need to be carefully controlled to achieve socially optimal management of resources.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.1-18
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• 2019

Venture capitalists (VCs) play an important role in finding and growing innovative venture companies with high growth potential but high risk. Venture capital investment does not depend on the system, unlike the investment for listed companies. Korea's venture capital industry has entered a period of growth, but lack of data has led to a lack of research on venture capital. Based on this background, this study attempts to analyze various factors affecting investment decision criteria of Korea VCs. In this study, I examined the major factors that VCs consider in decision making of investment through literature review, and I have drawn the research question accordingly. I will focus on the characteristics of founders, products / services, markets, financials, and networks that scholars share common investment decision criteria in Korean VCs. For the purpose of this study, the data were collected through the questionnaire surveyed by investment vetters working in current venture capital and analyzed using AHP analysis. Through this study, I tried to understand the Korean venture capital which has been poorly studied and what criteria and priorities Korean VCs make investment decisions in the Korean venture investment environment. The results of this research will contribute to the vitalization of venture investment, which is important for the upbringing of companies, by providing guidelines for establishing investment attraction strategies of venture companies.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.141-172
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• 2016

The aim of this study was to view Korean Hallyu stars, the advertisement models of Korean cosmetics brands, as human brands in the Chinese cosmetics market. Furthermore, this study attempted to verify whether the attributes of human brands, such as reliability, professionalism, attraction, intimacy, similarity and favorable impression, affect Chinese consumers' affection toward Korean celebrities, and whether such Chinese consumers recognize the authenticity of the products, sellers, and companies of Korean cosmetics brands advertised by Korean stars. The results of empirical analysis indicated that among the attributes of Korean stars, the advertisement models of Korean cosmetics companies, Chinese consumers' affection toward Korean stars was positively affected by reliability, attraction and similarity, but not by professionalism, intimacy and favorable impression. Furthermore, results showed that the consumers' affection toward Korean stars positively affected the authenticity of the brands advertised by the celebrities.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.413-438
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• 2009

Tourism is an attractive field of industry to many countries due to its strong potentials in increasing employment rates as well as improving the national image. The positive effect of the tourism on the national economy and globalization has been recognized in Korea. A multilateral effort has been made in order to develop its tourist industry. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the patterns of tourism demand in Korea. The present study analyzes and demonstrates the effects of a nation's characteristics on tourism demand. The study model was based on factors that affected tourism demand, especially emphasizing on the economic size, distance, national income, and language differences from the mother country. In particular, this study highlights the effects of economic relations between the countries and their exchange rate on tourism demand. In summary, this thesis demonstrates that actual national and international panel data enhance the credibility of the research and precisely determine factors that have a direct influence on tourism demand. A corresponding strategy of development and products are required as most tourists show the preference in advanced nations.