• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.329-339
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• 2021

Soybeans (Glycine max), one of major upland crops, require precise management of environmental conditions, such as temperature, water, and soil, during cultivation since they are sensitive to environmental changes. Application of spectral technologies that measure the physiological state of crops remotely has great potential for improving quality and productivity of the soybean by estimating yields, physiological stresses, and diseases. In this study, we developed and validated a soybean growth prediction model using multispectral imagery. We conducted a linear regression analysis between vegetation indices and soybean growth data (fresh weight and LAI) obtained at Miryang fields. The linear regression model was validated at Goesan fields. It was found that the model based on green ratio vegetation index (GRVI) had the greatest performance in prediction of fresh weight at the calibration stage (R²=0.74, RMSE=246 g/m², RE=34.2%). In the validation stage, RMSE and RE of the model were 392 g/m² and 32%, respectively. The errors of the model differed by cropping system, For example, RMSE and RE of model in single crop fields were 315 g/m² and 26%, respectively. On the other hand, the model had greater values of RMSE (381 g/m²) and RE (31%) in double crop fields. As a result of developing models for predicting a fresh weight into two years (2018+2020) with similar accumulated temperature (AT) in three years and a single year (2019) that was different from that AT, the prediction performance of a single year model was better than a two years model. Consequently, compared with those models divided by AT and a three years model, RMSE of a single crop fields were improved by about 29.1%. However, those of double crop fields decreased by about 19.6%. When environmental factors are used along with, spectral data, the reliability of soybean growth prediction can be achieved various environmental conditions.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.315-322
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• 2011

The importance of aquafarming is increasing all over the world, however the coastal environment in the semi-closed inner bay has been aggravated due to the long term production and the high stocking density. For the sustainable aquafarming, there is a requirement for a eco-friendly fishery management by the estimation of ecological carrying capacity. The model development and application is still in the initial step, because it has to consider the whole ecosystem and all culture activities. As an alternative, there is a requirement for ecological indicator to assess the ecological performance. This study tried the estimation of ecological carrying capacity using ecological indicator. The production and the facility of the oyster farms was 4,935M/T, $49ind./m^3$ in Geoje-Hansan Bay(2008). Filtration pressure indicator was 0.203 which could provide a guidance on the present level of culture development. According to the environmental characteristics and the present oyster farms in Geoje-Hansan Bay, the newly assessed filtration pressure for the acceptable ecological carrying capacity was 0.102. Consequently, ecological carrying capacity in Geoje-Hansan Bay was 2,480M/T, $25ind./m^3$ and this represents the level of culture that can be introduced into Geoje-Hansan Bay without leading to significant changes to ecological process, species, populations or communities. Our study utilized the ecological indicator to estimate ecological carrying capacity of oyster farming for sustainable productivity and this could be the scientific basis for the eco-friendly fishery management.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.57 no.4
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• pp.441-448
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• 2012

This study was carried out to evaluate the productivity of rice cultivation in extremely late season in Korea and to confirm the effects of pot-raising seedling culture in this case by assessing the growth and yield performance of rice cultivars that are well adapted to late culture. Suitable cultivars for extremely late culture should not have premature heading habit when transplanted around late July and also secure appropriate growth duration before heading. Geumobyeo 1 and Manjongbyeo showed small decrease in the emerged leaves in transplanting in late July or early August and heading occurred at the same time relatively without premature heading. At transplanting from late July to early August in extremely late rice cultivation, ripening was relatively good until transplanting on August 5. At transplanting on July 30, accumulated temperature from heading to the first frost was $853^{\circ}C$ and ripening was good enough. However, heading was delayed by low temperature at transplanting on August 10 and ripening was very poor due to low accumulated temperature of below $800^{\circ}C$, causing drastic decrease of rice yield. The rice yield increased in transplanting with pot seedling, especially the effects of pot seedling was higher in Geumobyeo 1, but panicle number was not enough to secure rice yield owing to short growth duration. In order to cultivate rice in extremely late season, we should select adaptive rice cultivars that have suitable growth duration and excellent ripening in low temperature. Here, pot-seedling did a great role to secure early growth and bigger growth amounts.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.229-246
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• 1988

These studies were conducted to investigate the effects of dietary protein and metabolizable energy(ME) levels on layer performance during summer period. Total 480 ISA Brown egg-type layers ageing 49 weeks housed 2 birds per cage with 4 replictes of 20 birds were employed in this study. Mean environmental temperature over experimental period ranged from 22.3$^{\circ}$to 29.5$^{\circ}C$. The treatments consisted of dietary ME levels of 2500, 2700, 2900kcal/kg of diet containing 15% and 17% protein, respectively, to provide $3{\times}2$factorial design. As metabolizable energy level increased form 2500 to 2900 kcal/kg of diet, daily feed and protein intake, egg production. egg weight, egg mass decreased, but the reverse was true for the daily energy intake, energy requirement and feed costs per kg egg. Feed conversion(kg feed/kg egg) and viability were not affected by the dietary energy levels. However, there were no significant difference in egg production, protein requirement per kg egg, and egg weight between those hens fed 2500 kcal ME/kg diets and those fed 2700 kcal ME/kg diets, and no difference was found in egg weight between those fed 2700 kcal ME/kg and those fed 2900 kcal ME/kg, either. In addition, no specific trend was observed in protein requirement per egg by the different level of metabolizable energy in diets. On the other hand, as dietary protein level increased from 15 to 17%, daily protein in-take, egg production, egg weight, egg mass, and protein requirement and feed costs per kg egg increased, but feed and energy requirement per kg egg decreased, and no significant difference in the daily feed and energy intake and viability were observed among dietary protein levels. It was concluded that metabolizable energy level of 2500 kcal/kg of diet and 17% dietary protein level were considered to be adequate to support the optimum productivity of layers during summer period.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.657-666
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• 2008

This study investigated the effects of dietary probiotics which contained antioxidant astaxanthin on growth performances and meat quality in two pigs farms. A total of 2,400 pigs were gilt and barrow with same number assigned to one of two treatments. The two treatments were control(commercial feed), treatment(probiotics 0.1% feed). Each treatment had 3 replicates. Weight gain, feed intake and feed efficiency were periodically recorded for 90 days. Survival ratio was shown 99.85% in treatment group. Average daily gain was higher in treatment group(0.91kg) than that of control(0.84kg). Back fat thickness was lower in treatment group than that of control, even though the treatment group tended to be higher carcass weight. The treatment group trended higher carcass weight, back fat thickness was lower in treatment group than control. The ratio of carcass grade A was shown higher in treatment than that of control, respectively. Treatment group showed higher value of fat content and water holding capacity. Treatment showed lower value than control in shear force and cooking loss. Hunter value(a and b) of treatment group in meat color was higher than control. Treatment group was lower cholesterol content than control. Control group was shown higher unsaturated fatty acid(stearic acid(C18:0)) value than treatment. Treatment group was shown lower saturated fatty acid(oleic acid(C18:1)) value than that of control. These results suggested that the supplementation of probiotics contained Phaffia rhodozyma could be used effectively for increase productivity of livestock industry.

• 한국벤처창업학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.04a
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• pp.167-201
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• 2006

Korean corporations are transforming their vertical operational structure to a team-based structure to compete in the rapidly changing environment and for improved performance. However, a high percentage of the respondents in KBS said that despite the appearance of the present team structure, the organization operates much like a vertically-structured organization. This result can be attributed to the lack of study and implementation toward the goal of empowerment, the key variable for the success of the team-based structure. This study aims to provide policy suggestions on how to implement the process of empowerment, by investigating the conditions that hinder the process and the attitude of the KBS employees. For the cross-sectional study, this thesis examined the domestic and international references, conducted a survey of KBS employees, personal interviews and made direct observations. Approximately 1,200 copies of the Questionnaire were distributed and 474 were completed and returned. The analysis used SPSS 12.0 software to process the data collected from 460 respondents. For the longitudinal-study, six categories that were common to this study and "The Report of the Findings of KBS Employees' View of the Team Structure" were selected. The comparative study analyzed the changes in a ten-month period. The survey findings showed a decrease of 24.2%p in the number of responses expressing negative views of the team structure and a decrease of 1.29%p in the number of positive responses. The findings indicated a positive transformation illustrating employees' improved understanding and approval of the team structure. However, KBS must address the issue on an ongoing basis. It has been proven that the employee empowerment increases the productivity of the individual and the group. In order to boost the level of empowerment, the management must exercise new, innovative leadership and build trust between the managers and the employees first. Additional workload as a result of shirking at work places was prevalent throughout all divisions and ranks, according to the survey data. This outcome leads to the conclusion that the workload is not evenly distributed or shared. And the data also showed the employees do not trust the assessment and rewards system. More attention and consideration must be paid to the team size and job allocation in order to address this matter; the present assessment and rewards system need to be complemented. The type of leadership varies depending on the characteristics of the organization's structure and employees' disposition. KBS must develop and reform its own management, leadership style to suit the characteristics of individual teams. Finally, for a soft-landing of KBS team structure, in-house training and education are necessary.

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.192-207
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• 2006

Today, the SSL protocol has been used as core part in various computing environments or security systems. But, the SSL protocol has several problems, because of the rigidity on operating. First, SSL protocol brings considerable burden to the CPU utilization so that performance of the security service in encryption transaction is lowered because it encrypts all data which is transferred between a server and a client. Second, SSL protocol can be vulnerable for cryptanalysis due to the key in fixed algorithm being used. Third, it is difficult to add and use another new cryptography algorithms. Finally. it is difficult for developers to learn use cryptography API(Application Program Interface) for the SSL protocol. Hence, we need to cover these problems, and, at the same time, we need the secure and comfortable method to operate the SSL protocol and to handle the efficient data. In this paper, we propose the SSL component which is designed and implemented using CBD(Component Based Development) concept to satisfy these requirements. The SSL component provides not only data encryption services like the SSL protocol but also convenient APIs for the developer unfamiliar with security. Further, the SSL component can improve the productivity and give reduce development cost. Because the SSL component can be reused. Also, in case of that new algorithms are added or algorithms are changed, it Is compatible and easy to interlock. SSL Component works the SSL protocol service in application layer. First of all, we take out the requirements, and then, we design and implement the SSL Component, confidentiality and integrity component, which support the SSL component, dependently. These all mentioned components are implemented by EJB, it can provide the efficient data handling when data is encrypted/decrypted by choosing the data. Also, it improves the usability by choosing data and mechanism as user intend. In conclusion, as we test and evaluate these component, SSL component is more usable and efficient than existing SSL protocol, because the increase rate of processing time for SSL component is lower that SSL protocol's.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.129-143
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• 2012

Recently, the rapid progress of a number of standardized web technologies and the proliferation of web users in the world bring an explosive increase of producing and consuming information documents on the web. In addition, most companies have produced, shared, and managed a huge number of information documents that are needed to perform their businesses. They also have discretionally raked, stored and managed a number of web documents published on the web for their business. Along with this increase of information documents that should be managed in the companies, the need of a solution to locate information documents more accurately among a huge number of information sources have increased. In order to satisfy the need of accurate search, the market size of search engine solution market is becoming increasingly expended. The most important functionality among much functionality provided by search engine is to locate accurate information documents from a huge information sources. The major metric to evaluate the accuracy of search engine is relevance that consists of two measures, precision and recall. Precision is thought of as a measure of exactness, that is, what percentage of information considered as true answer are actually such, whereas recall is a measure of completeness, that is, what percentage of true answer are retrieved as such. These two measures can be used differently according to the applied domain. If we need to exhaustively search information such as patent documents and research papers, it is better to increase the recall. On the other hand, when the amount of information is small scale, it is better to increase precision. Most of existing web search engines typically uses a keyword search method that returns web documents including keywords which correspond to search words entered by a user. This method has a virtue of locating all web documents quickly, even though many search words are inputted. However, this method has a fundamental imitation of not considering search intention of a user, thereby retrieving irrelevant results as well as relevant ones. Thus, it takes additional time and effort to set relevant ones out from all results returned by a search engine. That is, keyword search method can increase recall, while it is difficult to locate web documents which a user actually want to find because it does not provide a means of understanding the intention of a user and reflecting it to a progress of searching information. Thus, this research suggests a new method of combining ontology-based search solution with core search functionalities provided by existing search engine solutions. The method enables a search engine to provide optimal search results by inferenceing the search intention of a user. To that end, we build an ontology which contains concepts and relationships among them in a specific domain. The ontology is used to inference synonyms of a set of search keywords inputted by a user, thereby making the search intention of the user reflected into the progress of searching information more actively compared to existing search engines. Based on the proposed method we implement a prototype search system and test the system in the patent domain where we experiment on searching relevant documents associated with a patent. The experiment shows that our system increases the both recall and precision in accuracy and augments the search productivity by using improved user interface that enables a user to interact with our search system effectively. In the future research, we will study a means of validating the better performance of our prototype system by comparing other search engine solution and will extend the applied domain into other domains for searching information such as portal.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.79-84
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• 2008

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of feeding herb extract (HE) on productivity, intestinal microflora and blood component profile in broiler chickens. A total of three hundred twenty, 1-d-old male chicks (Ross) were divided into 4 treatments with 5 replicates, 16 birds per replicate. Dietary treatments consisted of four diets; the corn-soybean based control diet, the diet containing HE 0.1%, the diet containing HE 0.2%, and the diet containing HE 0.4%. The Control diet contained 3,100, 3,100, 3,200 kcal/kg ME and 22%, 20%, 18% CP for starter ($0{\sim}2 wk$), grower ($3{\sim}5 wk$), and finisher ($6{\sim}7 wk$) periods, respectively. There were no significant differences in feed intake and BW gain among treatments in starter period. In grower period, the BW gain of HE 0.2%, and HE 0.4% were significantly higher (p<0.05) compared to Control. The 7-wk BW gain of HE 0.2% was significantly higher than Control (p<0.05). The feed intake tended to increase in HE 0.1%, but no difference was detected in feed conversion ratio among treatments. No significant differences were found in blood total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol, glucose, total protein, and albumin among treatments, but total cholesterol in HE 0.4% decreased significantly as compared with Control. The cfu of Lactobacillus spp., yeast, and E. coli in the guts of chickens fed HE were not different form each other, but tended to increase as compared with Control.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.323-323
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• 2017

In many sub-Saharan African countries, boosting rice production is a pressing food security issue. To contribute to the increase in rice production, we have developed lines of NERICA 1 introgressed with the gene for spikelet number, Gn1a, and the gene for primary rachis-branch number, WFP by cross breeding. The performance of rice lines introgressed with the genes for yield related traits can be affected by cultivation environment and management. Thus, in this study, we aimed to evaluate the lines of NERICA 1 introgressed with Gn1a or/and WFP for yield and yield components under different nitrogen fertilization conditions in Kenya. A field trial was conducted at a paddy field in Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization-Mwea, Kirinyaga County ($0^{\circ}39^{\prime}S$, $0^{\circ}20^{\prime}E$) from August 2016 to January 2017. Eight lines of NERICA 1 introgressed with Gn1a and/or WFP, and their parents, NERICA 1 and ST12, were grown under 0 (NF) and $75(SF)kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$. At maturity, five hills per plot were harvested to determine the yield and yield components. The number of primary and secondary rachis-branches per panicle was measured on the longest panicle in each hill. Under SF, the introgression of WFP to NERICA 1 increased the number of primary and secondary rachis-branches by 27 and 25%, respectively. On the other hand, Gn1a did not increase the number of primary rachis-branches, whereas the number of secondary rachis-branches was increased by 38% on average. The number of primary and secondary rachis-branches of the lines introgressed with both genes increased by 25 and 56%, respectively. Although grain number per panicle increased 33% by Gn1a, 34% by WFP, and 43% by Gn1a+WFP, the yield increase by Gn1a, WFP, and Gn1a+WFP was only 14, 7, and 14%, respectively. The suppression of the yield increase was mainly attributed to the decline in the filled grain ratio. Under NF, WFP increased the number of primary and secondary rachis-branches by 20 and 19%, respectively. The introgression of both genes increased the former and the later by 19 and 35%, respectively. However, Gn1a did not change them under NF. Thus, even under NF, grain yield increased 11% by WFP and 24% by Gn1a+WFP due to the increased grain number although filled grain ratio declined. Our findings suggest that the introgression of Gn1a and WFP could contribute to the rice productivity improvement in sub-Saharan Africa even under low fertility conditions. Improving filled grain ratio of the lines introgressed with these genes by further breeding and fertilization management will be the focus of subsequent work.