• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.32 no.7
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• pp.949-955
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• 2019

Objective: The present study was to investigate the association of polymorphisms in exon-9 of the bone morphogenetic protein receptor-1B (BMPR-1B) gene (C864T) with litter size in 240 Dorset, 232 Mongolian, and 124 Small Tail Han ewes. Methods: Blood samples were collected from 596 ewes and genomic DNA was extracted using the phenol: chloroform extraction method. The 304-bp amplified polymerase chain reaction product was analyzed for polymorphism by single-strand conformation polymorphism method. The genotypic frequency and allele frequency of BMPR-1B gene exon-9 were computed after sequence alignment. The ${\chi}^2$ independence test was used to analyze the association of genotypic frequency and litter size traits with in each ewe breed, where the phenotype was directly treated as category. Results: The results indicated two different banding patterns AA and AB for this fragment, with the most frequent genotype and allele of AA and A. Calculated Chi-square test for BMPR-1B gene exon-9 was found to be more than that of p value at the 5% level of significance, indicating that the population under study was in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for all ewes. The ${\chi}^2$ independence test analyses indicated litter size differences between genotypes was not the same for each breed. The 304-bp nucleotide sequence was subjected to BLAST analysis, and the C864T mutation significantly affected litter size in singletons, twins and multiples. The heterozygosity in exon-9 of BMPR-1B gene could increase litter size for all the studied ewes. Conclusion: Consequently, it appears that the polymorphism BMPR-1B gene exon-9 detected in this study may have potential use in marker assisted selection for litter size in Dorset, Mongolian, and Small Tail Han ewes.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.217-225
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• 2019

The chimi(ridge-end tile) of Wangheungsa temple is the oldest in our country. The upper part of the chimi was excavated from the southern side of Wangheungsa temple and the lower part from the northern side. These parts are considered to be portions of the same chimi, because they are similar in shape and are excavated from two sides of the same temple structure. However, the original shape of the chimi cannot be determined owing to substantial deterioration. Hence, in this study, replicas of the deteriorated chimi portions of Wangheungsa temple were fabricated by employing 3D scanning technology and the computer numerical control machining method. While observing the bending phenomenon of the chimi, the proposed model was warped realistically on the basis of the bending direction of the actual chimi. Consequently, the restoration process was modified several times. The results indicated that no gaps can be found between the upper and lower parts, and the corresponding patterns connect naturally. Furthermore, the proposed method is contactless, safe, operable, reproducible, and appropriate for restoration of artifacts. Additionally, the modeling data is semi-permanent. Hence, if modelling data is appropriately applied as per the characteristics of artifacts, it can be utilized in various fields such as virtual exhibitions, hands-on exhibitions, cultural heritage restoration, and production of teaching aids and souvenirs.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.35-44
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• 2019

In this study, we conducted experiments to store $CO_2$ and produce $CaCO_3$ through indirect carbonation using paper sludge ash (PSA) and three chelating reagents (fumarate, IDA and EDTA). Fumarate and IDA used as solvents could facilitate the indirect carbonation reaction to store more $CO_2$ than water. When 0.1 M fumarate and IDA were used, $CO_2$ storage was 63 and $89kg-CO_2/ton-PSA$, respectively, and $CaCO_3$ yield was 144 and $202kg-CaCO_3/ton-PSA$. For the case of EDTA, however, the carbonation was hardly progressed. As either the concentration or Ca-ligand stabilization constant of each chelating reagent increased, the calcium extraction efficiency from PSA increased. In addition, the carbonation efficiency was influenced by the Ca-ligand stabilization constant. As the Ca-ligand stabilization constant increased, more calcium could be extracted from the PSA. With the constant larger than that of $CaCO_3$ ($10^{8.35}$), however, the carbonation reaction was not proceeded.

• Journal of Practical Engineering Education
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2018

The dual security system that manages user's account information and uses NFC and OTP has been proposed. It also enhances the security of the user authentication phase by using the features that recognize within the range of less than 1m of NFC and the high security of NFC itself. During the graduation work design process which was carried out for one year and six months in a group of two in the electronics engineering major of the four-year undergraduate system was conducted. In the interim results, we participated in the conferences and thesis contest at the Institute of related to major for three times. Finally passed the examination process for three times judged by 6 professors in the major. The results were published in a graduation thesis together with other people who passed and composed in thesis form. Through the experience gained through these stages of design and production, it has gained the confidence to gain employment opportunities and actively pursue the growth stage, and presented a methodology to practice engineering education through employment.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.113-121
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• 2019

Single walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) has been used as a material for reinforcing various advanced materials because it has superior mechanical properties. However, pure SWCNT that does not have any functional group has a hydrophobic character, and exists as bundles due to the strong Van der Waals attraction between each SWCNT. Due to these reasons, it is very difficult to disperse SWCNTs in the water. In this work, in order to use SWCNT for production of cementitious composites, SWCNT was first dispersed in water to make an aqueous solution. Sodium deoxycholate (DOC) and Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) were chosen as surfactants, and the dosage of DOC and SDS were 2wt% and 1wt%, respectively. Sonication and ultracentrifugation were applied to separate each SWCNT and impurities. Using such processed SWCNT solutions, cement paste was prepared and its shear stress vs. strain rate relationship was studied. The yield stress and plastic viscosity of cement paste were obtained using Bingham model. According to the results in this work, cement pastes made with DOC and SDS showed similar rheological behavior to that of air entrained cement paste. While cement paste made with DOC 2 wt.% SWCNT solution showed similar rheological behavior to that of plain cement paste, cement paste made with SDS 1 wt.% SWCNT solution showed different rheological behavior showing much less yield stress than plain cement paste.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.27-35
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• 2019

In order to solve the global warming and reduce greenhouse gas emissions, $CO_2$ capture technology was developed by applying oxy-fuel combustion. But there has been such a problem that its economic efficiency is low due to the high price of oxygen gases. ASU is known to be most suitable method to produce large quantity of oxygen, to reduce the oxygen production cost, the efficiency of ASU need to be improved. To improve the efficiency of ASU, exergy analysis can be used. The exergy analysis provides the information of used energy in the process, the location and size of exergy destruction. In this study, the exergy analysis was used for process developing and optimization of large scale ASU. The process simulation of ASU was conducted, the results were used to calculate the exergy. As a result, to reduce the exergy loss in the cold box of ASU, a lower operating pressure process was suggested. It was confirmed the importance of heat leak and heat loss reduction of cold box. Also, the unit process of ASU which requires thermal integration was confirmed.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.29-49
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• 2019

Objectives: This study was a methodological study to verify the reliability and validity and to make a diagnosis of a diagnostic tool for climacteric and postmenopausal syndrome pattern identification (CaPSPI). Methods: This study was conducted from June 1, 2018 to October 18, 2018 with ${{\bigcirc}{\bigcirc}}$ University Korean Medicine Hospital IRB's approval (2018-3). To make a diagnosis using CaPSPI, we decided the cut-points for the tool. Three professors of ${{\bigcirc}{\bigcirc}}$Korean Medical University conducted pattern identification diagnosis. The result is marked from 0 to 3, 0 is 'No', 1 is 'Slightly Yes', 2 is 'Yes' and 3 is 'Very Yes'. And if two or more professors' diagnoses are the same, we took the diagnoses as a diagnostic criteria. The decision of pattern by three experts converted to 0-1 scores in two ways. In "method 1", if the diagnosis was zero points, the score was 0 (have no such identification), and the rest was 1 (have such identification). In "method 2", if the diagnosis was zero or 1 point, the score was 0, and the rest was 1. After that, intraclass correlation was calculated for experts agreement. And logistic regression was conducted. A response variable was the results of the experts' diagnosis and an explanatory variable was the results of the pattern identification diagnostic tool. Results: The diagnosis of the three experts showed excellent concordance of more than 0.794 and showed a significant correlation with the diagnostic tool. Both 'Method 1' and 'Method 2' showed statistically significant effects with the diagnosis of 3 experts and the results of the diagnostic tool. The frequency of cumulative pattern identification diagnosis in 'Method 1' and 'Method 2' were found to be 578 occasions and 203 occasions, respectively. The average number of pattern held by participants in 'Method 1' and 'Method 2' were found to be 5.26 and 1.85, respectively. In both "Method 1" and "Method 2," the yield frequency of liver qi depression was the highest, and the frequency of kidney yin deficiency and liver-kidney yin deficiency was relatively high. Conclusions: Based on the above results, it is thought that, in diagnosis using CaPSPI of menopausal women, 'method 1' could be used for the health diagnosis and prevention, 'method 2' could be used for the pattern diagnosis. On the conclusion, CaPSPI is thought to be available for pattern diagnosis of menopause women.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.189-203
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• 2021

Environmental changes, which are strongly requiring technological cooperation, such as technological development and strategic alliances according to industrial ecosystem change, have a significant impact on not only product quality but also services. Thus, there is a need for 'servitization' that can satisfy the needs of customers and the ecosystem of businesses through the convergence of manufacturing companies and services. This study uses the Expectation-Confirmation Model to examine the impact on user satisfaction and Continuance Usage Intention. Research(Study) was conducted on users who are using high-tech-based cars. For this, we used Expectation Confirmation(match expections for the user's pre-and post-use relationships), Perceived Ease, Perceived Usefulness, User Satisfaction and Habitual Use and using Continuance Usage Intention as a dependent variable. Their causation was examined with the spss 26.0 and smartpls 2.0 statistical programs. As implications of this study, Expectation Confirmation has been shown to have significant positive effects on Perceived Ease, Perceived Usefulness, User Satisfaction and Habitual Use. For this results, the expectations before and after the use of high-tech cars lead to improved daily lives convenience and(or) work efficiency, leading to user satisfaction and further Continuance Usage Intention. Motors consider it important to pursue the work improvements that consumers want and use it useful in daily lives in the production and sale of high-tech cars. It is expected that it will create natural habits for services that users are satisfied with, and that these habits will affect the continuous growth and understanding of the trend of change.

• Journal of Platform Technology
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.52-62
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• 2021

Quality control is critical at manufacturing sites and is key to predicting the risk of quality defect before manufacturing. However, the reliability of manual quality control methods is affected by human and physical limitations because manufacturing processes vary across industries. These limitations become particularly obvious in domain areas with numerous manufacturing processes, such as the manufacture of major nuclear equipment. This study proposed a novel method for predicting the risk of quality defects by using natural language processing and machine learning. In this study, production data collected over 6 years at a factory that manufactures main equipment that is installed in nuclear power plants were used. In the preprocessing stage of text data, a mapping method was applied to the word dictionary so that domain knowledge could be appropriately reflected, and a hybrid algorithm, which combined n-gram, Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency, and Singular Value Decomposition, was constructed for sentence vectorization. Next, in the experiment to classify the risky processes resulting in poor quality, k-fold cross-validation was applied to categorize cases from Unigram to cumulative Trigram. Furthermore, for achieving objective experimental results, Naive Bayes and Support Vector Machine were used as classification algorithms and the maximum accuracy and F1-score of 0.7685 and 0.8641, respectively, were achieved. Thus, the proposed method is effective. The performance of the proposed method were compared and with votes of field engineers, and the results revealed that the proposed method outperformed field engineers. Thus, the method can be implemented for quality control at manufacturing sites.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.34 no.11
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• pp.1739-1748
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• 2021

Objective: In recent years, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been identified in many species, and some of them have been shown to play important roles in muscle development and myogenesis. However, the differences in lncRNAs between Kazakh cattle and Xinjiang brown cattle remain undefined; therefore, we aimed to confirm whether lncRNAs are differentially expressed in the longissimus dorsi between these two types of cattle and whether differentially expressed lncRNAs regulate muscle differentiation. Methods: We used RNA-seq technology to identify lncRNAs in longissimus muscles from these cattle. The expression of lncRNAs were analyzed using StringTie (1.3.1) in terms of the fragments per kilobase of transcript per million mapped reads values of the encoding genes. The differential expression of the transcripts in the two samples were analyzed using the DESeq R software package. The resulting false discovery rate was controlled by the Benjamini and Hochberg's approach. KOBAS software was utilized to measure the expression of different genes in Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes pathways. We randomly selected eight lncRNA genes and validated them by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Results: We found that 182 lncRNA transcripts, including 102 upregulated and 80 downregulated transcripts, were differentially expressed between Kazakh cattle and Xinjiang brown cattle. The results of RT-qPCR were consistent with the sequencing results. Enrichment analysis and functional annotation of the target genes revealed that the differentially expressed lncRNAs were associated with the mitogen-activated protein kinase, Ras, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3k)/Akt signaling pathways. We also constructed a lncRNA/mRNA coexpression network for the PI3k/Akt signaling pathway. Conclusion: Our study provides insights into cattle muscle-associated lncRNAs and will contribute to a more thorough understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying muscle growth and development in cattle.