• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 1997

This study was conducted to investigate the distributions of the native and introduced dandelins in the western Kyonggido area and to determine the environmental factor influencing distribution of dandelions. One hundered and thirty seven study sites were randomly selected along roadsides in urban areas, arable lands, apartment areas and industry regions, and vegetation, dandelion's seed characters and soil acidity were sureyed. Throughout the areas the introduced dandelions were more widely distributed than the native ones. The native dandelions were scarcely distributed in the developed areas and roadsides. The introduced dandelions were dominantly distributed in the new environments where soils were alkalized by the trban development, road pavement, and construction of new buildings, while the native ones were mostly distributed in the rural area with weakly acid soil. The seed production of the introduced ones were two times more than that of the native ones. The seed of the introduced ones were lighter than that of the native ones. The introduced ones yield seeds more than four times a year. These results suggested the urbanization and the seed characters to bet the two dominant factors influencing the distribution of dandelions.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2019.11a
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• pp.191-192
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• 2019

The construction industry is in the process of changing from the existing labor-intensive production system to a construction automation system using advanced information and communication technologies. Accordingly, in order to identify key research areas and utilization technologies in the field of construction automation, this study collected the latest 17 years (2000-2016) of papers published in International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction (ISARC) and conducted a correlation analysis between the construction management areas and automation technologies based on the keyword frequency. As a result, the BIM, WSN, and Augmented reality were extracted as the technology keywords with high correlation with various areas of construction management.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.146-168
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• 1995

problems involved in defining and identifying it. However, data on ownership of business establishments may be useful and one of the best alternatives for this empirical research because of use of limited information about control This study examines the spatial patterns of external control in the Korean manufacturing activities between 1986 and 1992. Using the data on ownership iinkages of multilocational firms between 15 administrative areas, it was possible to construct a matrix of organizational control in terms of the number of establishments. The control matrix was disaggregated by three types of manufacturing industries according to the capital and labor requirements of production processes used in. On the basis of the disaggregated control matrix, a series of measures were calculated for investigating the magnitude and direction of control as well as the external dependency. In the past decades Korean industrialization development has risen at a rapid pace, deepening integration into the world economy, together with the continuing growth of the large industrial firms. The expanded scale of large firms led to a spatial separation of production from control, Increasing branch plants in the nation. But recent important changes have occurred in the spatial organization of production by technological development, increasing international competition, and changing local labor markets. These changes have forced firms to reorganize their production structures, resulting in changes of the organizational structures in certain industries and regions. In this context the empirical analysis revealed the following principal trends. In general term, the geography of corporate control in Korea is marked by a twofold pattern of concentration and dispersion. The dominance of Seoul as a major command and control center has been evident over the period, though its overall share of allexternally controlled establishments has decreased from 88% to 79%. And the substantial amount of external control from Seoul has concentrated to the Kyongki and Southeast regions which are well-developed industrial areas. But Seoul's corporate ownership links tend to streteh across the country to the less-developed regions, most of which have shown a significant increase of external dependency during the period 1986-1992. At the same time, a geographic dispersion of corporate control is taking place as Kyongki province and Pusan are developing as new increasingly important command and control reaions. Though these two resions contain a number of branch plants controlled from other locations, they may be increasingly attractive as a headquarters location with increasing locally owned establishments. The geographical patterns of external control observable in each of three types of manufacturing industries were examined in order to distinguish the changing spatial structures of organizational control with respect to the characteristics of the production processes. Labor intensive manufacturing with unskilled iabor experienced the strongest external pressure from foreign competition and a lack of low cost labor. The high pressure expected not only to disinte-grate the production process but also led to location of production facilities in areas of cheap labor. The linkages of control between Seoul and the less-developed regions have slightly increased, while the external dependency of the industrialized regions might be reduced from the tendency of organizational disintegration. Capita1 intensive manufacturing operates under high entry and exit barriers due to capital intensity. The need to increase scale economies ied to an even stronger economic and spatial oncentration of control. The strong geographical oncentration of control might be influenced by orporate and organizational scale economies rather than by locational advantages. Other sectors experience with respect to branch plants of multilocational firms. The policy implications of the increase of external dependency in less-developed regions may be negative because of the very share of unskilled workers and lack of autonomy in decision making. The strong growth of the national economy and a scarcity of labor in core areas have been important factors in this regional decentralization of industries to less-developed regions. But the rather gloomy prospects of the economic growth in the near future could prevent the further industrialization of less-developed areas. A major rethinking of regional policy would have to take place towards a need for a regional policy actively favoring indigenous establishments.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry, and Cartography Conference
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• 2007.04a
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• pp.103-106
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• 2007

Recently, production and application of ortho image using high resolution image are increasing by acquired high quality data from development of photogrammetry and IT technology. Generally, An ortho image has some problems that cannot remove completely to relief displacement about cultural feature like building and overpass because of performance rectification using DEM. Therefore, in this study, I generated DSM each of four experiment cases for production of true ortho image which is removed relief displacement of building using digital photogrammetry technique and LiDAR data, presented the plan of DSM production that is appropriate to production true ortho image by analyzing an accuracy after manufacture an ortho image each of DSM.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.361-370
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• 1991

The cone and seed production of pitch pine were investigated at two areas(songtan and yangdong) located in kyounggi province. Bymeans of formulas derived from both the regression analysis between the number of seeds and cone length, and between d2·h and number of cones, cone and seed production were estimated. The correlation coefficient value between the number of seeds and cone length was high(r=0.6134). The cone and seed production of pitch pine has a high relationship to the variables-dbh, tree aga , and height of tree. The cone production of pitchpine forest estimated by the formula log(o+s+y+c)=0.581 log(d2·h)-1.317 was 965,832/ha in 1985∼1986, 850,852/ha in 1986∼1987 at songtan, and 462,794/ha in 1985∼1986,916,965/ha in 1986∼1987 at yangdong.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.445-448
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• 1999

Beef and dairy cattle are the primary ruminant livestock in Korea, but there is a serious shortage of both fresh and dry forages. Small areas of forage crops or pastures, unfavorable soil and climatic conditions, high costs for pasture production, low establishment and management technologies, etc. are the main factors limiting roughage production in Korea. To meet the roughage demand of cattle several suggestions are presented. About 845,000 ha of hilly area could be developed for pastureland. Almost the same area of paddy field, and more than 200,000 ha of reclaimed land could be used for pasture production. If all the potential area is developed for pastureland, the area could be extended to 10 times more than is presently used for pasture crops and pastureland. Productivity would be increased by developing new technologies of establishment and management. Silvo-pastoral systems should be introduced to Korea.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.407-416
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• 2018

This study investigated the characteristics and changes of Jeongbang-village silk culture Jeollanam-do Province during Japanese Colonial Rule with a focus in on Gokseong-gun & Damyang-gun Jeongbang-village. The results of the study are as follows. First, after Japanese occupation, it changed from a traditional silkworm species, the Joseon Silkworms and the mulberry tree to an improved Japanese species. Japan established a silk spinning mill called Jongyeon Textile factory in Gwangju and Jeongbang Village was formed in poor rural areas. Second, the way of village management consisted of buying a large number of land for mulberry plans and creating mulberry fields as a cheap way to utilize the labor force for women and men in rural areas. Third, since the end of the Japanese colonial era, mulberry fields in Jeongbang villages which the Japanese left, were sold at a cheap price to Koreans. After the Korean War, the Korean government's efforts to modernize the silkworm industry resulted in a continuous plan to increase the number of silkworms. The impact of government policies has also increased the production of silkworms in these areas. However, since the early 1980s, Korean companies have been affected by Japanese economic policies and dumping by China that has resulted in in a sharp decline in their production. In the case of Gokseong-gun and Damyang, the production of silk products was halted and switched to other crops in the early 1990s when the farming industry began to decline.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.289-303
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• 2009

The chemical and meteorological effects on the concentration variations of ozone ($O_3$) were evaluated based on the intensive air quality measurement (5 pollutants and aromatic volatile organic compounds (AVOCs)) in and out-side an urban valley during spring and summer of 2006. The 5 pollutants measured in the study area include $O_3$, $NO_2$, NO, $PM_{10}$, and CO; the AVOCs include benzene (BEN), toluene (TOL), ethylbenzene (EB), m,p-xylene (MPX), and o-xylene (OX). For the purpose of this study, study areas were classified into two categories: valley area (VA) with a semi-closed topography covering a number of industrial complex, public building, and mountains and non-valley area (NVA) surrounding the suburban and residential areas. In general, the mean concentration levels of most pollutants (except for $PM_{10}$) in the VA were higher than those in the NVA. It was found that the average $O_3$ increase in the VA during spring might result from the combined effects such as the photochemical production from diverse anthropogenic sources and the $O_3$ accumulation due to geographical features (e.g., the semi-closed topography) and wind conditions (e.g., a low wind speed). In addition, the nocturnal $O_3$ increase in the VA during spring was primarily caused by local wind conditions (e.g., mountain and valley winds) with the low wind speed (approximately $1{\sim}2\;m\;s^{-1}$). On the other hand, the $O_3$ difference between the two areas during summer might be because of the photo-chemical production with the $O_3$ precursors (especially the AVOCs) rather than the contribution of wind conditions.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 1998.10a
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• pp.313-335
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• 1998

If the atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases double, the annual temperature increase in mean surface temperature relative to 1990 will be about 2.0 to $2.5^{\circ}C$ and the annual precipitation increase about $15{\%}$ by 2100 in Korea. When the temperature rises $2^{\circ}C$, the annual temperature will be $13^{\circ}C,\;15^{\circ}C,\;and\;16^{\circ}C$ in Western Central, Yeongnam Basin, and Southern Coastal respectively. Consequently the crop period could be prolonged $10{\~}29$ days. In the case of gradual global warming, annual crops could be adapted to the changed environment by breeding, and the perennial crops should be shifted to ether area. If global warming happens suddenly over the threshold of atmospheric greenhouse gases concentration, then we shall have disturbance of ecosystem. When $2^{\circ}C$ higher than present, the optimum flowering date of rice plant delayed about 10 days, so it may not possible to adopt the fate with present japonica rices, therefore, the recommended characteristics of rice varieties are longer basic vegetative period, more late maturing and higher ripening temperature. Barley and wheat crops could be shifted to northern coastal areas and apple production areas should be shifted to those areas under $13.5^{\circ}C$ in annual mean temperature at global warming. Ideotypes of crops under climate changes should have such ecological characteristics that are indispensable to accomplish the sustainable agriculture under increased $CO_{2}$ and temperature condition as the diversification of genetic resources from yield-oriented to biomass-oriented characteristics with the higher potentials of $CO_{2}$ absorption and Primary production. In addition, a heat-tolerance, a pest resistance, an environmental adaptability and a production stability should be also incorporated collectively into our integrated agroecosystem.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.491-498
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• 2018

As unmanned aerial vehicle(UVA), drone means a flying object that could aviate the route entered by a program in advance or remotely-controlled when a pilot is not on board. Drone that has been initially developed for the military purpose is currently used for diverse areas such as agricultural industry, leisure activity, logistics service, and life-saving area. Out of these areas, the shooting drone equipped with a camera is actively used for diverse image contents production areas including film and broadcasting area. This paper examines the characteristics of drone for the purpose of shooting, and also handles the shooting techniques using drone. Especially, this study aims to suggest and discuss the methods to shoot diverse camera working used by the existing image shooting with the use of drone after examining the operation of shooting drone used for the image contents production area.