• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.41-44
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• 2018

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of different numbers of basis images and the use of metal artifact reduction (MAR) on the production and reduction of artifacts in cone-beam computed tomography images. Materials and Methods: An acrylic resin phantom with a metal alloy sample was scanned, with 450 or 720 basis images and with or without MAR. Standard deviation values for the test areas (around the metal object) were obtained as a way of measuring artifact production. Two-way analysis of variance was used with a 5% significance level. Results: There was no significant difference in artifact production among the images obtained with different numbers of basis images without MAR (P=.985). MAR significantly reduced artifact production in the test areas only in the protocol using 720 basis images (P=.017). The protocol using 450 basis images with MAR showed no significant difference in artifact production when compared to the protocol using 720 basis images with MAR (P=.579). Conclusion: Protocols with a smaller number of basis images and with MAR activated are preferable for minimizing artifact production in tomographic images without exposing the patient to a greater radiation dose.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.69-76
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• 2021

This study focuses on the relationship between ginseng production per area and meteorological factors. Four areas of major ginseng production are considered in the study. Chungcheongnam-do and Gyengsangbuk-do are selected as the original major production places and Gyeonggi-do and Kangwon-do are selected as the new major places. The meteorological factors applied for study are the average temperature, accumulated precipitation, and integrated sunshine hours. With the data collected across four areas, we used a panel data analysis. From the results of Hausman test, the fixed effects model allowing to control individual area effect is preferable to the random effects model. Based on the results of the fixed effects model, the accumulated precipitation statistically and significantly affect the decreases in ginseng production. Changes in the average temperature negatively affect ginseng production, but the value is not statistically significant. The integrated sunshine positively affect ginseng production, but the value is not statistically significant.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.211-226
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• 2011

The purpose of this paper was to ensure the basis for effective management of Tricholoma matsutake mountain province, to perform biotope mapping of Pinus densiflora based on growth environment of Tricholoma matsutake, target a cluster of Yangyang-gun, Kang Won-do. Study Methods were to review on growth and environmental characteristics of Tricholoma matsutake through internal and external documents and to identify vegetational structure and soil characteristics. This paper studied growth structure and soil environment of Pinus densiflora forest where a farm of production area for Tricholoma matsutake of in order to set the standard of Pinus densiflora biotope. Mapping standards were derived by separating of landform conditions, soil conditions, vegetation conditions. Biotope types were divided into possible production area for Tricholoma matsutake and potential production area for Tricholoma matsutake, possible production area for Tricholoma matsutake were Pinus densiflora biotope in landform and soil structure that enables Tricholoma matsutake production and Single-layered Pinus densiflora biotope of less than 30cm(DBH)-Tree species that other shrub is dominant in shrub layer, Multi-layered Pinus densiflora biotope that Pinus densiflora forest was predominant in understrory layer. Potential production area for Tricholoma matsutake were single-layered Pinus densiflora biotope of more than 30cm(DBH) in landform that enables Tricholoma matsutake production, Pinus densiflora biotope with Quercus predominant in the understrory layer, single-layered Pinus densiflora biotope with Quercus predominant in shrub layer, inappropriate vegetation structure area that the induction of production of Tricholoma matsutake was possible through future vegetation management. According to the research results, Pinus densiflora forest were divided into 16 types; 6 types of possible Tricholoma matsutake production areas, 9 potential Tricholoma matsutake production areas and 16 types of areas where Tricholoma matsutake production was impossible. Possible production areas account for 15.48%, or $9.8km^2$ out of the total Pinus densiflora forest while potential production areas take up 32.42%, or $20.52km^2$, and areas where Tricholoma matsutake production was impossible was 52.10%, or $32.97km^2$.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.1 no.4
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• pp.233-239
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• 1988

The base of Indian milk production is the millions of nondescript cows and buffaloes in rural areas, fed mainly on crop residues and agro-industrial wastes. The mainstay of the feeding system is straws and stovers. Therefore the approach to increase the fibrous residues utilisation for animal production was ideal and useful. The methods available for the above purpose were not found acceptable in rural areas owing to certain practical problems. The development of urea molasses block was, therefore aimed at solving the practical field problems. Urea Molasses Block has been developed as a feed supplement that can bring forth an effect of rumen manipulation thereby increase the conversion rate of feeds. The formula and process technology were thus developed. Before starting the mass production and popularisation the product was tested in controlled condition in farms and also in villages. Encouraged with the results the feed is now commercially manufactured under Indian Patent No. 156047.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.37 no.11
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• pp.19-32
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• 1999

This study analyzed the curricula of fashion related majors at 4-year colleges in the USA, UK, Japan and Hong Kong as well as in Korea and compared the characteristics of the Korean curriculum with those of the four countries. A total of 124 curricula from 103 colleges were collected. Courses were divided into eight categories (including industry and market information; materials; merchandise planning; design; production; distribution and selling; basics; and consumption) representing the production and distribution process of fashion business. There were differences in course offerings among the five countries. Overall, curricula in Korea emphasized design and production (construction) areas and showed not much differentiation among colleges. While industry and market information, merchandise planning, and production (management) areas were emphasized in the USA , differentiation/specialization by major was observed . UK and Hong Kong had well-specialized curricula by major Japan seemed to offer traditional and consumption oriented courses. Based on the findings, some propositions for the Korean fashion curriculum were discussed.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.145-152
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• 2021

Soil conservation management is necessary for sustainable agriculture, in highland areas, and cover crops are one of the best soil conservation methods for slopes. In this study, we evaluated the effects of alfalfa cultivation on maize production, as well as soil conservation and quality. There was an outstanding soil conservation effect with alfalfa cultivation in the fallow and maize growing seasons. In particular, alfalfa cultivation reduced soil loss by up to 98% compared with bare field. It also increased the activities of soil microorganisms and the supply of organic matter. Maize production with alfalfa cultivation showed no significant differences in yield. In conclusion, alfalfa is an advantageous perennial cover crop in highland agricultural slope areas, which can have positive effects on soil quality and conservation, as well as maize production.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.7-10
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• 1999

Physicochemical properties of Satsuma mandarin(Citrus unshiu Marc. var. miyagawa) harvested in middle of November according to production areas of Cheju were investigated. Peel thickness of citrus fruits was ranged from 2.54mm to 3.13mm, and it was lower on fruits harvested in western areas than those of other areas in Cheju. Soluble solids were ranged from 10.1 to 12.0$^{\circ}$Brix, and it was lower on fruits harvested in southern areas. Acid contents of citrus juice were ranged from 1.28% to 1.42%, it was higher on fruits harvested in eastern areas, specific gravity of citrus fruits was ranged between 0.86 and 0.88. Flesh ratio was ranged from 75.1% to 77.6%, it was lower on fruits harvested in southern areas. Soluble solids, acid content and specific gravity harvested in southern areas of below 100m and over 150m sea level altitude were 11.8 and 11.2, 1.43% and 1.40%, 0.87 and 0.9, respectively. Fruits quality harvested in southern areas was better, compared to other harvest areas of Cheju.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.305-312
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• 1990

The seasonal changes in production, the systems of management and the seasonal climatic and feeding conditions are described for three farms representative of the major areas for growing fine-wool sheep in northern China. At all farms, summer and autumn were seasons of rapid liveweight gain and wool growth. In the winter and spring, during lactation, liveweight declined wool growth decreased by approximately 70%, and fibre diameter by 4 to 8 microns. The wool produced was characterized by a very low clean wool yield (39-51%). Greasy fleece weights ranged from 4.5 to 8.0 kg and average diameter of wool fibres from 20.5 to 23 microns. The number of lambs born per 100 ewes mated ranged from 79 to 95, lamb weights ranged from 3.8 to 4.5 kg, and weaning weights ranged from 17 to 25 kg. Overall, the patterns of sheep production were similar to those found in seasonally arid environments (such as in the mediterranean climatic zone). Yield of clean wool and therefore clean fleece weights were far below those in most other fine-wool producing areas of the world.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.41-56
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• 1975

In the past the pattern of business down-trend usually appeared in the form of, first, decrease in facility investment, then decrease in inventory level, followed by reduced level of consumption. But the pattern nowadays is becoming just the opposite, that is, first, consumption decrease, then inventory level increase, followed by restriction of facility investment. Also in the past, the greater effort was placed in strengthening of hardware areas through optimization and modernization of production means on the premise of sales. But lately software areas take most of the main effort to establish production mean with sales as its objective. Under these circumstances one of the real problems facing production activities today is the conflicting relationship between sales and production functions. This occurs due to differences of their view points. Then, in order to achieve maximum profit at the least cost, which is the ultimate objective of a production activity, the need arises to effectively coordinate sales demand and plant production capacity. For this purpose strong control means and function must be devised. In our case study example we illustrate a management technique for a combined planning function, of optimal coordination of product mixes utilizing a computerized linear programming model as control means of attaining maximum profit. It is hoped that this example help achieve some of corporate objectives.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.57-61
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• 2011

The principal objective of this study was to determine the optimal conditions for the production of biosurfactant by the indigenous bacterium, Pseudoalteromonas sp. HK-3, originating from oil-spilled areas. The relationship between total biosurfactant production and the factors affecting biosurfactant production were evaluated by statistical analysis using SPSS software. The effects of various supplemental carbon sources (e.g., glucose, dextrose, mannitol, citrate, acetate) on the maximal production of biosurfactant by the test culture of Pseudoalteromonas sp. HK-3 was then evaluated. As a result, mannitol was found in this study to be the best supplemental carbon source for the production of biosurfactant. A spot inoculation of crude cultural liquid containing the HK-3 cells generated the largest clear zone, whereas only small clear zones appeared around the spots inoculated with either supernatant only or cell pellets following centrifugation. Our results demonstrated that the HK-3 test culture supplemented with 2% mannitol at an initial pH of 6 generated the maximal amount of biosurfactant within 72 h of incubation.