• 에너지공학
• /
• 제28권4호
• /
• pp.76-81
• /
• 2019

이 논문은 에너지 클라우드 참여 프로슈머의 신뢰성 있는 생산 및 소비량 인증에 기반 한 개인 간 거래, 클라우드 간 거래, 그리고 소규모 분산전력 중개시장 참여 등의 다양한 에너지 프로슈머 비즈니스 모델에 필요한 생산·소비량 인증 기반 전력 거래 시스템에 관한 고찰이다. 이 시스템은 에너지 거래에 있어 가장 중요한 파라미터로 간주할 수 있는 거래 정산의 신뢰성을 확보하기 위한 것으로써 에너지 프로슈머로부터 수집되는 발전·소비 빅데이터 분석에 의한 인증 기반 블록체인 스마트 컨트랙트 체결을 위한 것이다. 이를 위하여 IoT AMI로부터 수집 된 빅데이터 분석 시스템과 AMI 와 연계 구성된 프라이빗 블록체인 네트워크를 적용한 생산량 인증 시스템 구성을 소개하고 블록체인 스마트 컨트랙트를 활용한 전력 거래 매칭 방식을 제안한다. 마지막으로 에너지 클러스터 거래 시스템 및 비즈니스모델을 알아본다.

• 품질경영학회지
• /
• 제44권1호
• /
• pp.153-166
• /
• 2016

Purpose: Government quality assurance (QA) activities in Korea, which is carried out by the Defense Agency for Technology and Quality, is not effective due to 1) the obscureness of the QA implementation method, 2) the gap between QA activities of provisions and those conducted in the fields, and 3) the variation in subjective judgement among the QA personnel. The purpose of this paper is to propose some suggestions to enhance the effectiveness of government QA activities for military supplies in the production stage. Methods: QA activities for military supplies are investigated and problematic aspects are deduced for the production stage. To secure the effectiveness of the QA activities, Defense Contract Management Agency of the United Sates is benchmarked and five improvement methods are presented. Results: Five improvement aspects are 1) reflecting special terms and conditions of government mandatory inspection in contract, 2) classifying QA personnel, 3) making use of data collection and analysis template compulsory, 4) providing checklist for process review, and 5) establishing guidelines for sampling plans for product examination. Conclusion: Suggestions of this paper can lead to consistency and balance in government QA activities, reducing military suppliers' complaints and enhancing the effectiveness of QA effort, and ultimately contributing to the quality improvement of military supplies.

• 공연문화연구
• /
• 제23호
• /
• pp.213-243
• /
• 2011

본 논문은 공연예술의 저작권을 이해하는 하나의 도구로써 공연예술의 산업화를 우리보다 먼저 경험한 미국의 뮤지컬 시장에서의 사례 및 논의를 살펴본다. 특별히 무대연출 저작권에 관련한 사건을 모아서 뮤지컬 <가장 행복한 녀석>, <사랑! 용기! 연민!>, <탬린>, <유린타운> 사례를 소개하였다. 아직까지 미국에서 무대연출의 저작권을 인정하고 있다고 말할 만 한 단계는 아니지만 공연예술의 무대연출에 관한 저작권 논의들이 계속 있어왔다. 무대연출의 저작권보호 요건에 관해서 무대연출이 과연 저작권보호 받을 수 있는 대상에 해당하는가, 창작성이 인정될 수 있는가, 매체에 고정요건을 충족시킬 수 있는가에 관하여 논의되었다. 그리고 무대연출의 저작자는 누가되는가 하는 문제에 있어서는 업무상저작물로 보게 될 경우, 공동저작물로 보게 될 경우로 나눠서 살펴보았다. 또한 미국에서 무대연출의 저작권관련 계약이 실제로 어떻게 이뤄지고 있는지, 계약의 범위 밖에 있는 무대연출의 저작권침해에 대한 주장은 어떻게 할 수 있는지 소개하였다. 이 논문은 궁극적으로 공연예술의 저작권에 대한 이해를 목적으로 하며, 국내 상황에 맞는 공연계약 문화 수립 및 건전한 공연창작 환경을 조성하는데 일조하고자 한다.

• 한국해양학회지
• /
• 제11권2호
• /
• pp.57-63
• /
• 1976

It was attempted to analyze the sensitivity of the oil prospect place named MARIA which placed inside Gulf of Alaska. For the analysis, P6031090, ECOANA( computer) which installed in the head office, Shell Oil Co was used and the data needed for computer programming were 1) Unit of Production data 2) Production Schedule 3) Total Gross Yearly Expenses and 4) Total Gross Capital and so on. The important data among the computer output 1) PVPAT (Present Value After Tax): $1,167,077,500 2) Payout After Tax: 3.14 Years (256,284,810 BBL Production) 3) Earning Power: 42% (After Tax) 4) PVPAT/BBL : $1.22 5) Capital/BBL : $2.00. On the other hand, the effect acted upon PVPAT with varying the Platform cost, Facility cost, Pipeline cost and Well cost was observed in comparion with the basic for range from 50% to 200%. Resultantly, the order was 1) Pipeline cost 2) Facility cost 3) Well cost 4) Platform cost for range form 100% to 200%. This project was completed by the contract with Shell Oil Co., and the geological data needed for this analysis were given by the head office and the development project started from Jan. 1976.

• 대한본초학회지
• /
• 제21권3호
• /
• pp.1-6
• /
• 2006

Objectives : In this report, we were studied the current status and future about cultivation of medicinal plants in Japan. Methods : To analysis the management and production of medicinal crops in Japan, variation of importation and cultivation of four medicinal crops such as Angelica acutiloba Kitagawa, Cnidium officinale Makino, Paeonia lactiflora Pallas and Rehmannia glutinosa Liboschitz var. purpurea Makino within 22 years ($1981{\sim}2002$) were investigated. Also we analyzed the herbal drug market in Japan using literature. Results : In the results, cultivated area and amount of Angelica acutiloba Kitagawa and Paeonia lactiflora Pallas reduced more than 50% within 22 years ($1981{\sim}2002$). Production decrease of medicinal crops is alloting through contract production in China. The cultivation of Rehmannia glutinosa Liboschitz var. purpurea Makino is enforcing minimum procluction for seed security. Conclusion : We hope that this report stimulates research to investigate for the establishment of cultural practices in Korea.

• 한국가금학회지
• /
• 제20권2호
• /
• pp.107-114
• /
• 1993

The structure change in the broiler industry of Korea has been taking place very rapidly toward the direction of integrated production and marketing system. During the course of the evolution into the integrated structure, however, a number of small business entities, uncountable nationally but a minimum of a dozen, that previously engaged in the supply of production factors or live bird transaction also tended to get involved in the new system as a disguised or pseudo-integrator, having brought a lot of problems not only to the farmers but also to the development of integrated structure. The pseudo-integrator is generally characterized by limited functions in such a way of supplying chicks and feeds to and collecting grown birds from farmers under the contract at a fixed farmer's payment in practically the same pattern as a partial or quasi-integration, which intends to act as if an integrator in a stratagem to simply enjoy a margin simply from selling supplies and buying products for a certain period of time. The grower making a contract with appears to be a farmer who used to be an Independent and speculating but not able to join in the normal system of evolving integration. The problems of a pseudo-integrator center on the financial loss to a contract farmer, because the falsified integrator has to become easily bankrupt and run away when the price of live broiler continually stays below the cost of production, even though he is able to make a tremendous profit otherwise which is the real purpose of the operation for. It is true that the volatile market, fluctuating the price up more than doubled in a month and down to a half in a few weeks, makes the pseudo-integrator find the room for such a fraudulence. In addition, its activity also adversely affect the evolution of the integration due to rather negative image on structure change in general. It is recommended that the farmers need to better understand the real picture of the integrated system so as not to be swindled by a disguised, small scale agribusiness agent. By the same token, it is also equally required to have the whole industry integrated completely as early as possible. The Joint effort to get rid of pseudo-integrators' problems shall be put for the industry development moving toward the integration. No doubt a pseudo-integrator must be a temporary player for chance emerging during the course of structure change into the integrated, though.

• 지역연구
• /
• 제9권1호
• /
• pp.65-78
• /
• 1993

In this study, the significant and enduring concentration of federal R&D spending in metro-scale clusters across the nation is treated as evidence of the operation of a distinct industrial infrastructure defined by the ability of R&D performers to attract external funding and pursue the sophisticated project work demanded. It follows, then, that the agglomerative potential of these R&D concentrations -- performers and their support infrastructures -- requires a search for economic impacts guided by a different stimulative effects attributable to federal R&D spending may be that substantial subnational economic impacts are routinely obscured and diluted by research designs that seek to discover impacts either at the level of nation-scale economic aggregates or on firms or specific industries organized spatially. Therefore, this study proceeds by seeking to link the locational clustering of federal contract R&D spending to more localized economic impacts. It tests a series of models(X-IV) designed to trace federal contract R&D spending flows to economic impacts registered at the level of metro-regional economies. By shifting the focus from funding sources to recipient types and then to sector-specific impacts, the patterns of consistent results become increasingly compelling. In general, these results indicated that federal R&D spending does indeed nurture the development of an important nation-spanning advanced industrial production and R&D infrastructure anchored primarily by two dozed or so metro-regions. However, dominated as it is by a strong defense-industrial orientation, federal contract R&D spending would appear to constitute a relatively inefficient national economic development policy, at least as registered on conventional indicators. Federal contract R&D destined for the support of nondefense/civilian(Model I), nonprofit(Model II), and educational/research(Mode III) R&D agendas is associated with substantially greater regional employment and income impacts than is R&D funding disbursed by the Department of Defense. While federal R&D support from DOD(Model I) and for-profit(Model II) and industrial performer(Model III) contract R&D agendas are associated with positive regional economic impacts, they are substantially smaller than those associated with performers operating outside the defense industrial base. Moreover, evidence that the large-business sector mediates a small business sector(Model VI) justifies closer scrutiny of the relative contribution to economic growth and development made by these two sectors, as well as of the primacy typically accorded employment change as a conventional economic performance indicator. Ultimately, those regions receiving federal R&D spending have experienced measurable employment and income gains as a result. However, whether or not those gains could be improved by changing the composition -- and therefore the primary missions -- of federal R&D spending cannot be decided by merely citing evidence of its economic impacts of the kind reported here. Rather, that decision turns on a prior public choice relating to the trade-offs deemed acceptable between conventional employment and income gains, the strength of a nation's industrial base not reflected in such indicators, and the reigning conception of what constitutes national security -- military might or a competitive civilian economy.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
• /
• 제14권2호
• /
• pp.135-172
• /
• 2004

While doing business in China foreign companies occasionally find themselves embroiled in disputes with Chinese individuals, companies or the Chinese Government. There are three primary ways to resolve a commercial dispute in China are negotiation, arbitration and litigation. The best way of dispute resolution is negotiation as it is the least expensive method and the working relationship of both parties concerned in dispute. But negotiations do not always give rise to resolution. Arbitration is the next choice. Unless the parties concerned can agree to resort to arbitration after the dispute has arisen, the underlying contract namely, sales contract or separate agreement must show that disputes will be resolved by arbitration. Agreements to arbitration specify arbitration body and governing law. There are two Chinese government -sponsored arbitration bodies for handling cases involving at least one foreign party: China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission(CIETAC) and China Maritime Arbitration Commission(CMAC) for maritime disputes. Contracts regarding foreign companies doing business in China often designate CIETAC arbitration. CIETAC distinguishes between two kinds of dispute resolutions, foreign-related arbitration and domestic arbitration. For a dispute to be classified as foreign-related arbitration, one of the companies must be a foreign entity without a major production facility or investment in China. CIETAC has published rules which govern the selection of a panel if the contract does not specify how the choice of arbitration will be handled. CIETAC's list of arbitrators for foreign-related disputes, from which CIETAC's arbitrators must en chosen, includes may non-Chines arbitrators. But many foreign experts believe that some aspects of CIETAC needs to be improved. The purpose of this paper is to improve the understanding of arbitration in China, CIETAC by way of studying the current situation and improvement of international commercial arbitration in China.

• 한국전자통신학회논문지
• /
• 제18권1호
• /
• pp.149-156
• /
• 2023

본 연구는 에너지 참여형 소비자를 위한 블록체인과 연계한 ESS 전력거래 시스템을 개발하고자 하였다. 신재생에너지 ESS 전력량 및 수요정보를 공개할 목적으로 블록체인 DB에 스마트 컨트랙트 시스템을 구축하고 에너지 프로슈머와 컨슈머의 블록체인 DB 데이터를 활용하여 전력거래시장의 유연한 확대를 위한 현실적인 솔루션을 제공할 수 있도록 하였다. 따라서, 블록체인과 연계한 ESS 전력거래 시스템을 개발하는데 주요 내용으로 ESS 관리를 위한 클라우드 기반 WEB 구축, 블록체인 활성화를 위한 코인 발행 및 거래소 등록, 블록체인 기술을 반영하기 위한 전자지갑 생성, ESS 기반 생산 수요 자료수집 및 공급과 관련한 블록체인 데이터베이스 구축, 블록체인 기반 플랫폼 선정 및 기반 구축, 스마트 컨트랙트 제작 등을 고려하여 구현하였다.

• 한국경제지리학회지
• /
• 제25권1호
• /
• pp.109-130
• /
• 2022

베트남 정부는 농업구조개혁을 위해 새로운 협동조합을 통한 계약농업을 추진하고 있으며, 베트남 농민은 정책에 따른 구조 전환의 영향을 직접적으로 받고 있다. 따라서 정책 과정에 따른 농민들의 토지이용 및 생존전략을 이해하는 것은 이러한 농업개발정책에 있어 필수적이라 할 것이다. 이 연구는 중부 베트남의 전형적인 농촌 마을 중 하나인 빈다오사(社)(Binh Dao commune)를 대상으로 이루어졌다. 이 논문에서는 먼저 GIS을 이용한 토지이용 변화 분석 및 190명의 농민과의 심층 인터뷰를 통해 계약농업 도입 전후의 농촌 노동력 구조와 생업활동의 변화와 그 원인을 분석하였다. 그 결과, 새로운 협동조합을 통한 계약농업은 농민-협동조합-농산물판매회사로 이어지는 수직적 가치사슬을 형성하고, 기계화를 통한 효율적 토지이용에 기여하여, 생산성을 향상시키고 농산물 시장가격의 리스크로 부터 농민들을 보호하는 순효과를 가져왔다는 것이 밝혀졌다. 한편, 이러한 긍정적인 효과에도 불구하고, 베트남의 협동조합을 통한 계약농업은 애초에 의도했던 농촌 노동력을 비농업부문으로 재배치하지는 못한 것으로 나타났다. 오히려 빈다오사(社)의 농민들은 농업구조개혁 과정에서 경작면적을 늘리려는 경향이 있었다. 즉, 베트남 농촌지역의 제한적인 농외 취업기회로 인해, 빈다오사(社)의 농민들은 기계화와 생산성 향상으로 생긴 잉여 가족노동력을 역설적으로 농업부문에 집중시키는 생존전략을 선택한 것으로 보여된다. 그 결과 빈다오사(社)의 농민들은 협동조합의 계약농업을 통한 농업구조개혁에도 불구하고 여전히 가족노동력에 의존한 소농체제에 머물러 있다.