• BMB Reports
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.584-589
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• 2001

One of the cryptic plasmids from the oil degrading bacterium Klebsiella sp. KCL-2, the small plasmid pGD2, has been identified and characterized. This plasmid has a size of 3.6 kb with unknown functions. We constructed the recombinant plasmid pMGD2. The nucleotide sequences of the plasmid were determined and two open reading frames were detected. ORF1 encodes a replication initiator protein (RepA), which has a high degree of homology with the protein of ColE2 plasmid. The product encoded by ORF2 showed a high similarity with the transposase protein of IS5. IS5 is 1195 by long and contains an inverted terminal repetition of 16 bp with one mismatch. Stem-loop structures in the 5'untranslated region of the repA suggest that a putative gene, incA, is located in a complementary strand to the leader region of the repA mRNA.

• Proceedings of the Microbiological Society of Korea Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.27-30
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• 2002

Ralstonia eutrupha JMP134 is a well-known soil bacterium which can metabolite diverse aromatic compounds and xenobiotics, such as phenol, 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2, 4-D), and trichloroethylene (TCE), etc. Phenol is degraded through chromosomally encoded phenol degradation pathway. Phenol is first metabolized into catechol by a multicomponent phenol hydroxylase, which is further metabolized to TCA cycle intermediates via a meta-cleavage pathway. The nucleotide sequences of the genes for the phenol hydroxylase have previously been determined, and found to composed of eight genes phlKLMNOPRX in an operon structure. The phlR, whose gene product is a NtrC-like transcriptional activator, was found to be located at the internal region of the structural genes, which is not the case in most bacteria where the regulatory genes lie near the structural genes. In addition to this regulatory gene, we found other regulatory genes, the phlA and phlR2, downstream of the phlX. These genes were found to be overlapped and hence likely to be co-transcribed. The protein similarity analysis has revealed that the PhlA belongs to the GntR family, which are known to be negative regulators, whereas the PhlR2 shares high homology with the NtrC-type family of transcriptional activators like the PhlR. Disruption of the phlA by insertional mutation has led to the constitutive expression of the activity of phenol hydroxylase in JMP134, indicating that PhlA is a negative regulator. Possible regulatory mechanisms of phenol metabolism in R. eutropha JMP134 has been discussed.

• The Journal of Korean Society of Virology
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.23-31
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• 1999

Hantavirus is a genus of the Bunyaviridae family causing two serious diseases, hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS). Puumala virus is a member of hantavirus originally found in Europe, and its natural reservoir is Clethrionomys glareolus. It is also associated with the human disease nephropathia epidemica, a milder form of HFRS. To identify the hantaviruses in bats, bats were collected from Jeong-Sun, Won-Joo, Chung-Ju and Hwa-Cheon area in Korea, and nested RT-PCR was performed with serotype specific primer from M segment. Interestingly, Puumala virus was detected in bats (Rhinolophus ferrum-equinum) only from Won-Joo. The 327 bp nested RT-PCR product, was sequenced. The sequence database search indicates that the sequence is homologous to the published sequence of Puumala viruses. The sequence similarities were ranged from 71% to 97%. The highest sequence similarity was 97% with Puumala virus Vranicam strain, and the lowest was 71% with Puumala virus K27 isolate. Puumala virus Vranicam strain was isolated from a bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus) in Bosnia-Hercegovina. Puumala virus K27 was isolated from human in Russia. This analysis confirms that bats (Rhinolophus ferrum-equinum) in Korea are natural reservoir of Puumala virus.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.278-281
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• 2015

Chemical investigation on a colonial marine tunicate, Didemnum sp. led to the isolation of a series of indole alkaloids including a new (1) and two known metabolites (2-3). Based on the spectroscopic analysis including 1D and 2D NMR along with MS spectra, the structure of 1 (16-epi-18-acetyl herdmanine D) was elucidated as a new amino acid derivative. The absolute configuration of 1 was determined by comparison of specific rotation with the known compound. The structures of compounds 2 and 3 were also identified as bromoindole containing compounds N-(6-bromo-1H-indole-3-carbonyl)-L-arginine and (6-bromo-^1H-indol-3-yl) oxoacetamide, respectively, based on $^1H$ and $^{13}C$ NMR data, MS data and specific rotation value. Their pharmacological potentials as antibacterial agents and FXR antagonists were investigated, but no significant activity was found. However, the structural similarity of compound 1 to compound 4 suggested the anti-inflammatory potential of compound 1.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.333-339
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• 2000

To identify genes involved in the decolorization of crystal violet, we isolated random mutants generated by transponson insertion in crystal violet-declorizing bacterium, Citrobacter sp. The resulting mutant bank yielded mutants with six distinct phenotypes, and Southern hybridization with a Tn5 fragment as a probe showed a single hybridized with six distinct phenotypes, and Southern hybridization with a Tn5 fragment as a probe showed a single hybridized band in the mutants Ctg 2, 5 an 6, whereas two and three bands were detected in Ctg1, 4 and 3, respectively. Tn5-inserted genes were isolated and the DNA sequence flanking Tn5 was determined. From comparison with a sequence database, putative protein product encoded by ctg 5 was identified as E. coli maltose transproter(Mal G) homolog, whereas the deduced amino acid sequence of the other ctg genes did not show any significant similarity with any DNA or protein sequency. Therefore, these results indicate that the other ctg genes except ctg 5 encode new proteins responsible for decolorization of crystal violet.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.9-17
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether customers' fashion involvement, brand familiarity, and expertise of negative information moderate the influence of the original brand attitudes on the attitude toward extended brand attitudes in the fashion market. For these purposes, four hypotheses were developed and data was collected from 480 students. Data was analyzed using SPSS methods such as factor analysis, frequency, 1-test, and moderated regression analysis. The results were as follows; first, it was found that the original brand attitudes positively influence the extended brand attitudes. Second, the influence of the original brand attitudes on the extended brand attitudes was stronger when fashion involvement was high rather than low. Third, in the case that perceived similarity between the original and the extended product classes was high, the influence of the original brand attitudes on the extended brand attitudes was stronger when brand familarity was high. Fourth, the influence of original brand attitudes on the extended brand attitudes was stronger when the perceived expertise of negative information source on the extended brand was high. Therefore, the results suggest that extending brands requires the systematic brand management considering customers' variables such as fashion involvement, brand familiarity, negative information etc. Also, it seems that the brand strategy should be based on the segmentation for targeted customers' characteristics.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.212-223
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is 1) to identify Chinese environment for investment and apparel market, 2) to analyze the current situations of Korean fashion brands＇entry to Chinese market, 3) to analyze the marketing strategies to China according to product category, and 4) to identify merits and problems of Chinese market. For data collection, secondary resources were collected, and the telephone interview with merchandisers were implemented with brand managers. Twenty-one fashion brands were included for the study. Results of the study were as followed： 1) China was a big potential apparel market due to its rapid economic growth. Apparel purchase behavior and clothing preference of Chinese consumers were various by regional groups. 2) The motives of entry to China were to competition in domestic markets, saving raw material cost. The entry modes to China were direct export, license and regional manufacturing system. 3) Marketing strategies were to pursue high quality branding, high pricing and placing strategies with high-class department stores. Also star marketing were used with ＂Han Rue＂. Also various promotion strategies were implemented such as fashion show and unique VMD. 4) The merits of Chinese market were high potential market for export, close proximity, cultural similarity and Han-Ryu syndrome. Problems of Chinese market for export were lack of experts on Chinese market, fierce competition in China, and unstable economic policies.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.522-541
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• 2016

Network virtualization provides an effective way to overcome the Internet ossification problem. As one of the main challenges in network virtualization, virtual network embedding refers to mapping multiple virtual networks onto a shared substrate network. However, existing heuristic embedding algorithms evaluate the embedding potential of the nodes simply by the product of different resource attributes, which would result in an unbalanced embedding. Furthermore, ignoring the hops of substrate paths that the virtual links would be mapped onto may restrict the ability of the substrate network to accept additional virtual network requests, and lead to low utilization rate of resource. In this paper, we introduce and extend five node attributes that quantify the embedding potential of the nodes from both the local and global views, and adopt the technique for order preference by similarity ideal solution (TOPSIS) to rank the nodes, aiming at balancing different node attributes to increase the utilization rate of resource. Moreover, we propose a novel two-stage virtual network embedding algorithm, which maps the virtual nodes onto the substrate nodes according to the node ranks, and adopts a shortest path-based algorithm to map the virtual links. Simulation results show that the new algorithm significantly increases the long-term average revenue, the long-term revenue to cost ratio and the acceptance ratio.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.38-42
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• 2002

A chitinase gene (pCHi58) encoding a 58 kDa chitinase was isolated from the Serratia marcescens KCTC 2172 cosmid library. The chitinase gene consisted of a 1686 bp open reading frame that encoded 562 amino acids. Escherichia coil harboring the pChi58 gene secreted a 58 kDa chitinase into the culture supernatant. The 58 kDa chitinase was purified using a chitin affinity column and mono-S column. A nucleotide and N-terminal amino acid sequence analysis showed that the 58 kDa chitinase had a leader peptide consisting of 23 amino acids which was cleaved prior to the 24th alanine. The 58 KDa chitinase exhibited a $98\%$ similarity to that of S. marcescens OMB 1466 in its nuclotide sequence. The chitinolytic patterns of the 58 kDa chitinase released N,N'-diacetyl chitobiose (NAG2) as the major hydrolysis end-product with a trace amount of N-acetylglucosamine. When a 4-methylumbellyferyl-N-acetylglucosamin monomer, dimmer, and tetramer were used as substrates, the 58 kDa chitinase did not digest the 4-Mu-NAG monomer $(analogue\;of\;NAG_2)$, thereby indicating that the 58 kDa chitinase was likely an endochitinase. The optimum reaction temperature and pH of the enzyme were $50^{\circ}C$ and 5.0, respectively.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.65-71
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• 2001

A gene from Paenibacillus sp. KCTC 8848P encoding ${\beta}-amylase$ was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The Paenibacillus ${\beta}-amylase$ gene cosisted of a 2,409-bp open reading frame without a translational stop codon, encoding a protein of 803 amino acids. The presumed ribosime-binding site, GGAGG, was located 10 bp upstream from the TTG initiation codon. The deduced amino acid sequence of the ${\beta}-amylase$ gene had a 95% similarity to the ${\beta}-amylase$ of Bacillus firmus. The ${\beta}-amylase$ gene was introduced into wild-type strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae using a linearized yeast integrating vector containing a geneticin resistance gene and its product was secreted into the culture medium.