• 아동학회지
• /
• 제33권5호
• /
• pp.53-70
• /
• 2012

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of task conditions (physical similarity between the spatial product and the reference space, presentation place of the spatial product) on children's spatial representation. The participants consisted of 40 3-year-olds and 40 4-year-olds. The results of this study are as follows. Both 3-year-olds and 4-year-olds were capable of a greater degree of spatial representation when there was a high level of physical similarity between the spatial product and the reference space, and when the presentation place of the spatial product was in the reference space. 4-year-olds were capable of more accurate spatial representation than 3-year-olds. There was no significant difference in the children's spatial representation depending on the type of spatial product (scale model, map). The results revealed that the physical similarity between the spatial product and the reference space and the presentation place of the spatial product are essential in young children's spatial representation. Additionally, the results indicated that spatial representation of children develops gradually from when they are three to when they turn four.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한전자공학회 2002년도 하계종합학술대회 논문집(1)
• /
• pp.279-282
• /
• 2002

Here we introduce so called Reference code-weighted sum of all PN codes used in the system-. We do inner product operation between received PN code and Reference code rather than locally generated PN code in the receiver. Acquisition process can be accomplished by only one inner product during full period of PN code. It's essential innovation against present method which can be viewed successive hypothesis test by inner product for entire candidate PH codes set. Well -defined decision region makes it possible. We suggest the. criterion fur designing the decision region and find a condition for weight (coefficient) of Reference code.

• 마케팅과학연구
• /
• 제17권2호
• /
• pp.75-97
• /
• 2007

Less than 3% of India's food basket, consists of processed food, therefore processed food can be viewed as an innovation or new product to Indian consumers. This research investigates the effects of product familiarity and reference groups on Indian consumers' attitudes and purchase behavior of new processed food products. For the study, the model is developed by modifying Cambel and Goodstein's (2001) "Moderate Incongruity Effect" to include important cross-cultural influences on attitudes and purchase decisions among Indian consumers. Empirical analysis was conducted through structural equation modeling (SEM). SEM results indicated that reference group influence has a stronger positive effect on consumers' attitudes and actual purchase behavior of more familiar processed foods than of less familiar processed food. In addition, attitudes have a stronger positive effect on consumers' actual purchase of more familiar than of less familiar processed foods.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
• /
• 제22권6호
• /
• pp.605-613
• /
• 2015

A three-arm parallel design has been proposed to assess the biosimilarity between a biological product and a reference product using relative distance (Kang and Chow, 2013). The three-arm parallel design consists of two arms for the reference product and one arm for the biosimilar product. This paper extended the three-arm parallel design to a (k + 1)-arm parallel design composed of k (${\geq}3$) arms for the reference product and one arm for the biosimilar product. A new relative distance was defined based on Euclidean distance; consequently, a corresponding test procedure was developed based on asymptotic distribution. Type I error rates and powers were investigated both theoretically and empirically.

• 한국경영과학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한산업공학회/한국경영과학회 2006년도 춘계공동학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.1863-1871
• /
• 2006

This paper develops and defends the concept of reference-quality in consumer choice, demonstrating its impact on aggregated market demand. The concept of reference-quality refers to an internal standard against which observed qualities are compared in consumer choice behavior. In doing so, we examine and reveal the formation mechanism and the structure of reference-quality in the U.S. wireless phone market. Consequently, we recognize and introduce a brand-specific reference both in price and product quality in aggregated product demand which enable us to measures the responsiveness of market demand to the innovation of a certain brand.

• 통상정보연구
• /
• 제1권2호
• /
• pp.69-95
• /
• 1999

Internet EC accomplish to simply electronic business from all process integration of production, marketing and customer service. Also customers gain to goods information by one-line product reference, order, product information exchange and negotiate to low cost for high quality goods. Therefore, Purpose of this study is to introduce the building method of efficient EC, helping understand EC, and analysing its present state in the Korean enterprises and efficiency on international trade information.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
• /
• 제11권3호
• /
• pp.302-308
• /
• 2011

혈관 조영 검사 및 중재적 방사선 시술을 통한 환자에게 주어지는 피폭선량에 대해 대뇌를 중심으로 환자 체형을 표준화하여 검사 및 시술 차이에 따른 투시시간, 면적 선량률(kerma area product rate)을 관측하고 참고 기준치를 비교하고자 하였다. 그 결과 질병 분류에 따른 면적 선량률은 지주막하출혈(subarachnoid hemorrhage)이 가장 높았고, 뇌동맥류가 가장 낮았다. 또한 검사 및 시술에 따른 면적 선량률은 양쪽 내경동맥, 양쪽 총경동맥 및 추골동맥으로 하는 방법이 가장 높았으며, guglielmi detachable coil(GDC)이 가장 낮게 나타났다. 따라서 이를 혈관 조영 검사 및 중재적 방사선 시술시 환자 피폭 선량에 대한 참고 기준치로 이용할 수 있을 것이며 향후 환자 피폭 선량 교육과 관리에 유용할 것이라 사료된다.

• 한국CDE학회논문집
• /
• 제4권3호
• /
• pp.238-246
• /
• 1999

The modeling method to support product development processes (PDP) must have certain characteristics including the ability to represent multiple viewpoints of the product development and integrate with currently available analysis and design methods based on CE concept. This paper describes the reference model to support multiple viewpoints (PPO: Products, Processes, and Organizations/Resources viewpoints) of the product development processes, from which each model (Products model, Processes model, and Organizations/Resources model) can be extracted, as well as produces PPO data schema. This reference model has associative relationships among the products, processes, and organizations/resources. To allow the extensibility to support design evolution, we propose structured dat representation methods using semantic network, which can be constructed through first-order logic. The product development processes is so represented by specifying entities and semantic relationships among them hat he appropriate information can be accessed and all of the relevant attributes about the entities can be retrieved simultaneously.

• International Journal of CAD/CAM
• /
• 제7권1호
• /
• pp.81-89
• /
• 2007

As the modular production is an important issue in globalized manufacturing industries, sub modules or parts of the final product are provided by many suppliers. Some part suppliers design their own products for themselves. In some cases, part supplier may provide the same type product to multiple 1-tier companies. Because all suppliers and 1-tier companies can not use the same CAD system in general case, the engineering change in the CAD model of one company could not propagate to related CAD models of other companies directly. Although they use the same CAD system, it is hard to share their CAD model with each other because of company security policy. In this paper, the neutral reference model, which consists of the neutral skeleton model and the external reference model, is proposed to apply a global top-down modeling approach to collaborating companies.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
• /
• 제19권1호
• /
• pp.1-9
• /
• 2003

MODIS LAI product has been one of key variable for analyzing the quantitative aspects of terrestrial ecology at global scale. This study was designed to validate MODIS global LAI product for regional application. To examine the quality of MODIS LAI data, we developed a reference LAI surface that was derived by relating the ground LAI measurements to Landsat ETM+ reflectance. The study area, the Kwangneung Experiment Forest in Korea, covers mixed deciduous and coniferous species of temperate forest. Ground measurements of LAI were conducted at 30 sample plots by using a photo-optical instrument during the growing season of 2002. Ground measured LAI data were then related to the ETM+ reflectance to produce a continuous map of LAI surface over the study area. From the comparison between the MODIS LAI and the reference LAI, it was found that the MODIS LAI values were slightly higher at the forestland. Considering the limitations of producing the reference LAI surface and the uncertainty of the input variable for the MODIS LAI algorithm, such small discrepancy mal not be significant.