• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.650-660
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• 2006

Recently, according to increase in production of pond snails resulting from the widespread organic farming, organic farmers are showing a lot of interests in the promotion of consumption and extending the market of pond snails. This study was performed to suggest the process of product development of the ready-to-eat pond-snail Mandu as a health food, to show the results of market test of the pilot product, and to investigate the change of the sensory characteristics during storage periods. For the market test of pond-snail Mandu, the survey was developed and delivered to consumers. The questionnaire consisted of 3 parts such as respondents demographic characteristics, customer's perception of pond-snail Mandu before tasting, and customer's perception of that after tasting. And the market test was carried out with university students, welfare institution residents and apartment residents in the Seoul and Gyeonggi areas. As a result of the test, the most important purchasing factors were determined in the order of taste (49.5%), hygienic quality (12.5%), nutritional value (10%) and price (9%). And only 4.2% of respondents selected brand name as an important purchasing factor. After tasting pond-snail Mandu, consumers had suggested the better taste (t=6.986, p<0.000) and price (t=2.082, p<0.05) than those of before tasting. In response to favorable impression of pond-snail Mandu, 54.5% of total respondents evaluated positively. The favorable impressions came from iron-rich Mandu (27.6%), high protein and nutritious Mandu (24.4%), calcium-rich Mandu (17.9%), diet Mandu (13.3%), and delicious Mandu (12.5%) respectively. Sensory characteristics of pond-snail Mandu were evaluated by professional panels in terms of the softness of Mandu skin, chewiness, moistness, toothpacking, color, aroma, saltiness, and degree of plain, taste, and aftertaste. The evaluation of sensory characteristics on a 7-point scale, showed that softness of mandu skin (4.44) and aftertaste (4.11) got a low scores. The statistical difference of the tastes (p>0.05) was not founded by storage period of 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. Based on the result, the improvement of these characteristics are desired in developing the pond-snail Mandu. Research method applied to this study can be useful for developing a new product.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.55-77
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• 2011

This study investigate the interaction effects of bundle price discount framing and message framing on consumer's attitude of bundle component. Although each effect of bundle price discount framing and message framing has been explored individually, few attempts have been made to invest them jointly. This study tests the interaction effects of bundle price discount framing and message framing on consumer's evaluation of bundle component. Moreover, this research focuses on consumer's evaluation of individual bundle component while the existing research on bundling primarily focused on consumer's evaluation of the bundle. Prior research suggests that consumers are sensitive to the framing of prices and discounts in the presentation of the bundle offer. For example, there is considerable evidence that partitioning or consolidating the prices of a bundle can influence the attractiveness of the bundle offer. Similarly, there is evidence that an equivalent price reduction to the overall bundle, one of the individual products in the bundle, or distributed among the individual products in the bundle can alter the perceived attractiveness of the offer (e.g. Chakravarti, Krish, Paul, and Srivastava 2002; Hamilton and Srivastava 2008; Janiszewski and Cunha 2004; Johnson, Herrmann and Bauer 1999; ; Morwitz, Greenleaf, and Johnson 1998; Yadav 1994; 1995). In line with these earlier research, this research suggests that the bundle type can influence the consumer's evaluation of bundle component. There are two types of bundle - mixed-leader bundle and mixed-joint bundle. In mixed-leader bundling, the price of one of the two products is discounted when the other product is purchased at the regular price. In mixed-joint bundling, a single price is set when the two product are purchased jointly. This study supposes that the teeth whitening product is the leader product in a mixed-leader bundle. So bundle price discount framing is manipulated such as "Buy the teeth whitening product (regular price \80,000) and get 50% discount on the functional toothpaste(regular price \40,000), special set price \100,000" or "Buy the functional toothpaste and the teeth whitening product as a set and get discount for the set, special set price \60,000". Message framing is manipulated through the product claims described in an advertising bill. The positive framing presents that "Over 95% of users achieved the expected 2-3 shades of improvement in two weeks" where as the negative framing presents "less than 5% of users did not achieve the expected 2-3 shades of improvement in two weeks". This study uses hypothetical brand name of the teeth whitening product and the functional toothpaste This study is based on a 2x2 factorial design with bundle discount framing (mixed-leader bundle vs. mixed-joint bundle) and massage framing (positive vs. negative). The dependant variables are consumer's perceived quality and attitude of the teeth whitening product The data reveals that two dependant variables are correlated, so the data is analyzed with two-way MANOVA. This research explores the significant interaction effect of bundle discount framing and message framing on consumer's perceived quality and attitude of the teeth whitening product. When the message framing is positive, consumer's perceived quality and attitude of the teeth whitening product is higher in mixed-leader bundle than mixed-joint bundle condition. However, when the message framing is negative, consumer's evaluation is higher in mixed-joint bundle than mixed-leader bundle. The author explains this result by stating that consumers are less likely to use heuristics such as price-quality association and value discounting hypothesis(Raghubir 2004) in the negative message framing condition. Additionally, consumer's perceived risk of the teeth whitening product in the negative message framing condition can be more reduced by the bundle partner(e.g. the toothpaste) in mixed-joint bundle than mixed-leader bundle. Based on the results, marketing managers are advised to use different bundle type based on message framing of their product.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.8-14
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• 2009

A Hidden Markov Model(HMM)-based information extraction method is proposed in this paper. The proposed extraction method is applied to extraction of products' prices. The input of the proposed IESHMM is the URLs of a search engine's interface, which contains the names of the product types. The output of the system is the list of extracted slots of each product: name, price, image, and URL. With the observation data set Maximum Likelihood algorithm and Baum-Welch algorithm are used for the training of HMM and The Viterbi algorithm is then applied to find the state sequence of the maximal probability that matches the observation block sequence. When applied to practical problems, the proposed HMM-based system shows improved results over a conventional method, PEWEB, in terms of recall ration and accuracy.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.45-59
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to clarify that the effect of consumer's perception of nail store attributes has on intent to revisit (focus on independent stores) by performing quantitative research. The importance of nail stores is increasing with sales amounts and the number of workers, however, previous research in this area is not complete. The reason that this qualitative research should be done before the quantitative research is due to the scant theoretical background in this matter. As the nail market is steadily increasing, determining the factors to make a successful and influential store leading to revisits is very meaningful both academically and in business. For the quantitative study, consumers from 20 years old to less 60 years old who had purchased nail service at independent nail stores were included in the survey. Quota sampling was adopted in the areas where the independent nail stores were located from May 10th to May 30th, 2019, and 262 questionnaires were collected, and those containing insincere respondences were excluded. The most important nail store attribute was reliability (store name value, relationship with workers and A/S) and then the physical environment, economics, product, and promptness. The result depended on demographic factors- younger and lower-income respondents put a premium on the physical environment, promptness, and economics, on the other hand, older and higher-income respondents placed a priority on reliability. The correlation analysis result is that all store attributes (reliability, physical environment, economics, promptness, product) show a statistical significance. A multiple regression analysis was conducted to determine the effects of nail store attribute importance on revisit intention. Promptness, economics, and the physical environment have a statistically significant effect on the consumer's revisit intention.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.49
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• pp.125-136
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• 1999

The present study was conducted to analyze(1) if there are any differences in jean's brand royalty according to the age·sex·educational background and income of consumers (2) the criteria for store choice by jean's brand royalty of consumers (3) the use of information souces by jean's brand royalty of consumers. The research method employed was normative-descriptive survey and questionnaires were main instrument to gather research materials. The survey was implemented from July 1st 1998 to the schools and two colleges and those who work at a comuter-related company and at a trade company. The data gathered was analyzed by mean standard deviation t-test ANOVA and Duncan -multiple range test. The results are summarized as follows: (1) 58.6% of the respondents were categorized as the brand loyalty group that was bigger than the non-brand loyalty group (41.4%) People in their late 2-'s were inclined to have the highest brand loyalty for jeans People in university and above had relatively higher brand royalty than to people with a high school or lower (2) Brand royalty group paid more attention on the quality on the quality of the fabric use; the trands of the products: brand name of the product: the distance of the store location : and the comfortable atmosphere of the store. Pleasant and kind services of the salesperson was considered as more important factor for store selection by the non-brand royalty group than by brand royalty group. (3) Almost all the information sources were used more often by brand royalty group than non-brand royalty group. For both groups their own experiences is most important information sources. The results shows that consumers have high brand loyalty for jeans product and also have many differences not only in the usage of information sources but also in the store selection criteria accorrding to the level of jeans brand loyalty . Therefore those industries carrying jeans should these points on their marketing strategies.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.15 no.1 s.66
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• pp.13-24
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• 2007

This study measured the communication effect on the setting types and the exposure times to perform the effective PPL strategies. By the setting types(on-set and creative) and exposure times(short and long), 308 female older than 20 were divided into 4 experimental groups. Each groups were exposed to the edited movies and required to answer the questionaire. The data were analysed by SPSS 12.0 using Chi-Square, One-Way ANOVA and Duncan test. The results are as follows. First, in cognitive dimension, the on-set type and long exposure group showed the higher recognition and recall. Second, in emotional dimension, the signigicant difference was found in one brand(Kappa) of two which were used in the experiment. In this case, the on-set type and long exposure group showed the positive attitude toward the brand. Third, in behavioral dimension, there were no difference among the groups. The implications based on this results are as follows. First, when implementing of PPL the fashion brands in movies, the on-set type and long exposure would be the most effective method. Second, implementing IMC(Integrated Marketing Communication) linked to the PPL strategy can be more effective. In contrast to the other product categories, it is hard to recognize the brand of fashion goods if the logo or the brand name is not exposed directly. Therefore Combining other communication strategies such as press release simultaneously will birng the more effective result of PPL in the movie.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.109-116
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• 2016

Purpose - This study investigates the purchase pattern relating to soybean products in Korea. Specifically, the effect of branding based on a regional name was analyzed in terms of consumer purchase frequencies. The primary purpose of this study is to understand why family characteristics affect product selection for a regional brand in the soybean food category. Research design, data, and methodology - We used data collected by the Rural Development Administration (RDA) of Korea. The RDA has monitored agricultural food consumers for years in order to obtain purchase records. Panel participants live in regions near the capital city of Seoul, Korea. Examining data from January 2010 to May 2016, 667 families were selected for analysis. The final data set was 1,335,402. Each purchase item by each individual family was aggregated to a countable weekly observation. To analyze the data set quantitatively, zero-inflation regression was adopted, which was appropriate to avoid biases from overly dispersed observations. Results - We hypothesized the effects of regional branding from the viewpoint of the family characteristics. The first hypothesis was that the number of children would be positively associated with the purchase of a regional brand of soybean products. The result strongly supported this hypothesis. The second hypothesis was that the number of family members would be negatively associated with the purchase of the soybean products of a regional brand. Based on empirical analysis, we concluded that this hypothesis was partially supported. The third hypothesis was the presence of an interaction effect between the number of children and the family size, which was supported by the results. As a supplementary analysis, we also tested mean-variance differences in terms of categories and regional branding with corporate branding. Conclusion - The results of this study provide insights for regional branding strategies in agricultural food management. This study appears to be one of the seminal studies trying to analyze purchase patterns from longitudinal observations. In addition, this study adopted variables characterizing family lifestyle. This study confirmed that children and family size should be considered when soybean product brands are introduced.

• The Journal of Bigdata
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2018

Since the beginning of the first online shopping mall, BEST 100 is being provided as the core of all shopping mall websites. BEST 100 is greatly important because consumers can identify popular products at a glance. However, there are only studies using sales outcome indicators, and prior studies using BEST 100 are insignificant. Therefore, this study selected 11 online shopping malls and compared their main characteristics. As a research method, exploratory data analysis technique (EDA) was used by crawling the BEST 100 components of each shopping mall website, such as product name, price, and free shipping check. As a result, the total average price of 11 shopping malls was 72,891.41 won. Sales texts were classified into 8 categories by text mining. The most common category was the fashion part, but it is significant that the setting of the category analyzed the marketing text, not the product attribute. This study has implications for understanding the current online market flow and suggesting future directions by using EDA.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.169-174
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• 2013

The acute and subacute hypoglycemic and antihyperglycemic effects of drinkable ripe onion juice (Commercial product name is "Black Onion Extract") were investigated in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. For tests of acute and subacute hypoglycemic effects, ripe onion juice (5 and 15 mL/kg b.w.) was administered by oral gavage to normal Sprague Dawley rats and measurements of fasting glucose levels and oral glucose tolerance tests were performed. Tolbutamide was used as a reference drug at a single oral dose of 250 mg/kg b.w. To test anti-hyperglycemic activity, the ripe onion juice was administered to streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats by oral gavage at single dose of 15 mL/kg b.w. per day for 7 consecutive days. Oral administration of the ripe onion juice at either dosed level of 5 or 15 mL/kg b.w. showed no remarkable acute hypoglycemic effect in normal rats. The two dosed levels caused a relatively small reduction, only 18% and 12% (5 and 15 mL/kg b.w., respectively) decrease in glucose levels at 2 h after glucose loading in normal rats. However, at 3 h after glucose loading, blood glucose levels in the ripe onion juice-dosed rats were decreased to the corresponding blood glucose level in tolbutamide-dosed rats. Although showing weak hypoglycemic potential compared to that of tolbutamide, oral administration of ripe onion juice (15 mL/kg b.w.) for a short period (8 days) resulted in a slight reduction in the blood glucose levels that had elevated in Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. In conclusion, these results suggest that the commercial product "Black Onion Extract" may possess antihyperglycemic potential in diabetes.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.179-201
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• 2015

The subject heading is an elaborate access tool for subject browsing and searching in information retrieval environment. The purpose of this study is to suggest the applicable facets to subject headings in Korea. First, the concepts of subject and the definitions of facets were investigated in the literature review. Second, six cases including OCLC's FAST, PRECIS, "Thesaurus construction and use", CC $7^{th}$ edition, BC $2^{nd}$ Edition, and UDC $3^{rd}$ Edition were analyzed to focus on configuration of facets as case studies. Based on the results, twenty-two facets were proposed including Topical, Event, Geography, Chronology, Personal and Corporate Name, Title, Form, Genre, Language, and Person facets as 11 top facets. Also, Topical-Thing/Entity and Topical-Action/Status, Part, Kind, Property, Whole, Material, Patient, Product, By-Product and Agent facets as sub-facets of Topical facet.