• Title/Summary/Keyword: Product Technology

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Study on the determination methods of the natural radionuclides (238U, 232Th) in building materials and processed living products (실내 건축자재 및 생활 가공제품 중 천연방사성핵종(238U, 232Th)의 농도 평가를 위한 분석법 연구)

  • Lee, Hyeon-Woo;Lim, Jong-Myoung;Lee, Hoon;Park, Ji-Young;Jang, Mee;Lee, Jin-Hong
    • Analytical Science and Technology
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    • v.31 no.4
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    • pp.149-160
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    • 2018
  • A large number of functional living products are being produced for eco-friendly or health-promoting purposes. In the manufacturing process, such products could be adulterated with raw materials with high radioactivity, such as monazite and tourmaline. Thus, it is essential to manage raw materials and products closely related to the public living. For proper management, an accurate radioactivity data of the processed products are needed. Therefore, it is essential to develop a rapid and validated analytical method. In this study, the concentration of the radioactive $^{238}U$ and $^{232}Th$ in building materials (e.g., tile, cement, paint, wall paper, and gypsum board) and living products (e.g., health products, textiles, and minerals) were determined and compared by ED-XRF and ICP-MS. By comparing the results of both methods, we confirmed the applicability of the rapid screening and precise analysis of ED-XRF and ICP-MS. In addition, $^{238}U$ and $^{232}Th$ levels were relatively lower in building materials than in living products. Particularly, $^{232}Th$ content in 6 of 47 living products exceeded (maximum $8.2Bq{\cdot}g^{-1}$) the standard limit of $^{232}Th$ content in raw material ($1.0Bq{\cdot}g^{-1}$).

A Multimodal Profile Ensemble Approach to Development of Recommender Systems Using Big Data (빅데이터 기반 추천시스템 구현을 위한 다중 프로파일 앙상블 기법)

  • Kim, Minjeong;Cho, Yoonho
    • Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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    • v.21 no.4
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    • pp.93-110
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    • 2015
  • The recommender system is a system which recommends products to the customers who are likely to be interested in. Based on automated information filtering technology, various recommender systems have been developed. Collaborative filtering (CF), one of the most successful recommendation algorithms, has been applied in a number of different domains such as recommending Web pages, books, movies, music and products. But, it has been known that CF has a critical shortcoming. CF finds neighbors whose preferences are like those of the target customer and recommends products those customers have most liked. Thus, CF works properly only when there's a sufficient number of ratings on common product from customers. When there's a shortage of customer ratings, CF makes the formation of a neighborhood inaccurate, thereby resulting in poor recommendations. To improve the performance of CF based recommender systems, most of the related studies have been focused on the development of novel algorithms under the assumption of using a single profile, which is created from user's rating information for items, purchase transactions, or Web access logs. With the advent of big data, companies got to collect more data and to use a variety of information with big size. So, many companies recognize it very importantly to utilize big data because it makes companies to improve their competitiveness and to create new value. In particular, on the rise is the issue of utilizing personal big data in the recommender system. It is why personal big data facilitate more accurate identification of the preferences or behaviors of users. The proposed recommendation methodology is as follows: First, multimodal user profiles are created from personal big data in order to grasp the preferences and behavior of users from various viewpoints. We derive five user profiles based on the personal information such as rating, site preference, demographic, Internet usage, and topic in text. Next, the similarity between users is calculated based on the profiles and then neighbors of users are found from the results. One of three ensemble approaches is applied to calculate the similarity. Each ensemble approach uses the similarity of combined profile, the average similarity of each profile, and the weighted average similarity of each profile, respectively. Finally, the products that people among the neighborhood prefer most to are recommended to the target users. For the experiments, we used the demographic data and a very large volume of Web log transaction for 5,000 panel users of a company that is specialized to analyzing ranks of Web sites. R and SAS E-miner was used to implement the proposed recommender system and to conduct the topic analysis using the keyword search, respectively. To evaluate the recommendation performance, we used 60% of data for training and 40% of data for test. The 5-fold cross validation was also conducted to enhance the reliability of our experiments. A widely used combination metric called F1 metric that gives equal weight to both recall and precision was employed for our evaluation. As the results of evaluation, the proposed methodology achieved the significant improvement over the single profile based CF algorithm. In particular, the ensemble approach using weighted average similarity shows the highest performance. That is, the rate of improvement in F1 is 16.9 percent for the ensemble approach using weighted average similarity and 8.1 percent for the ensemble approach using average similarity of each profile. From these results, we conclude that the multimodal profile ensemble approach is a viable solution to the problems encountered when there's a shortage of customer ratings. This study has significance in suggesting what kind of information could we use to create profile in the environment of big data and how could we combine and utilize them effectively. However, our methodology should be further studied to consider for its real-world application. We need to compare the differences in recommendation accuracy by applying the proposed method to different recommendation algorithms and then to identify which combination of them would show the best performance.

Breeding of the Scab-Resistant Pear Cultivar 'Greensis' (배 검은별무늬병 저항성 품종 '그린시스' 육성)

  • Kim, Yoon-Kyeong;Kang, Sam-Seok;Won, Kyung-Ho;Shin, Il-Sheob;Cho, Kwang-Sik;Ma, Kyeong-Bok;Kim, Myung-Su;Choi, Jang-Jeon;Choi, Jin-Ho
    • Horticultural Science & Technology
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    • v.34 no.4
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    • pp.655-661
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    • 2016
  • To develop scab-resistant pear (Pyrus spp.) varieties with fruits that are as crisp and juicy as Asian pears, a cross was made between 'Whangkeumbae' and 'Bartlett' varieties (P. pyrifolia ${\times}$ P. communis) at the Pear Research Institute of the National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, in 1994. Among the 285 seedlings, 'Greensis' was first selected in 2006 for its good eating quality and named in 2012 after regional adaptation tests in nine regions and ten experimental plots from 2007 to 2012. The tree showed a vigorous growth habit and semi-spreading characteristics, like 'Whangkeumbae'. The optimum fruit harvest date was also around Sept. 26 and fruit was round in shape and green in skin color at maturity. Average fruit weight was 470g, and the soluble solids content was $12.4^{\circ}Brix$. The flesh was very crisp and juicy, and had good eating quality. Its' leaf size was similar with 'Bartlett' and smaller than 'Whangkeumbae'. The average of full bloom date of 'Greensis' was determined as Apr. 26, which was six days later than 'Whangkeumbae' and similar with 'Bartlett'. S genotypes of 'Greensis' were identified as $S_4S_e$ by S-allele PCR product sequencing analysis. It seems that the $S_4$ allele was inherited from 'Whangkeumbae' and the Se allele from 'Bartlett'. 'Greensis' displayed strong resistance to scab disease caused by Venturia nashicola, similar to European pear cultivars like 'Beurre Hardy' and, 'Conference'. 'Greensis' was also highly resistant to black leaf spot (Alternaria kikuchiana) in the field

Emission characteristics of odor from salted food materials using Spam (염처리 음식물의 냄새성분 배출특성에 대한 연구: 스팸을 중심으로)

  • Lee, Min-Hee;Kim, Ki-Hyun;Kim, Yong-Hyun;Jo, Sang-Hee
    • Analytical Science and Technology
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    • v.25 no.6
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    • pp.447-459
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    • 2012
  • In this study, the emission characteristics of volatile and odorant species released from salted meat product (Spam) was investigated as a function of time. Gas samples released from Spam samples were analyzed for volatile organic compounds (VOC) and sulfur compounds (RSC) at five different times for the elapsed (E) days of 0, 1, 3, 6, and 9 (E-0 to E-9) by GC/MS and GC/PFPD system, respectively. Results indicated that reduced sulfur, aldehyde, and ketone groups were the dominant odorants. Especially, hydrogen sulfide was the predominant in concentration and odor activity value (OAV) during the fresh stage. Its concentration was 1465 ${\mu}g/m^3$ (60.0% of the total mass) in E-0 and 455 ${\mu}g/m^3$ (28.0%) in E-1, while its OAV was 19.4 (78.3%: E-0) and 6.02 (41.7%: E-1). On the other hand, the concentration of acetone showed the maximum values in the decaying stage (E-3: 451 (43.2%), E-6: 369 (64.2%), and E-9: 1150 ${\mu}g/m^3$ (70.2%)). Furthermore, the concentration of 2,3-butanedione was also detected considerably from decaying sample (E-3: 17.6 (1.68%), E-6: 16.1 (2.80%), and E-9: 179 ${\mu}g/m^3$ (10.9%)). However, OAV of acetone was insignificant (<0.01%) in the decaying stage, while that of 2,3-butanedione was relatively high in the range of 1.14-11.6 (14.5-76.2% of ${\Sigma}OAV$). It thus confirmed that the major odorant groups generated from Spam samples changed with the progress of decay such as sulfur (fresh stage), aldehyde (intermediate stage), and ketone compounds (decaying stage).

Development and validation of an analytical method for fungicide fenpyrazamine determination in agricultural products by HPLC-UVD (HPLC-UVD를 이용한 살균제 fenpyrazamine의 시험법 개발 및 검증)

  • Park, Hyejin;Do, Jung-Ah;Kwon, Ji-Eun;Lee, Ji-Young;Cho, Yoon-Jae;Kim, Heejung;Oh, Jae-Ho;Rhee, Kyu-Sik;Lee, Sang-Jae;Chang, Moon-Ik
    • Analytical Science and Technology
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    • v.27 no.3
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    • pp.172-180
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    • 2014
  • Fenpyrazamine which is a pyrazole fungicide class for controlling gray mold, sclerotinia rot, and Monilinia in grapevines, stone fruit trees, and vegetables has been registered in republic of Korea in 2013 and the maximum residue limits of fenpyrazamine is set to grape, peach, and mandarin as 5.0, 2.0, and 2.0 mg/kg, respectively. Very reliable and sensitive analytical method for determination of fenpyrazamine residues is required for ensuring the food safety in agricultural products. Fenpyrazamine residues in samples were extracted with acetonitrile, partitioned with dichloromethane, and then purified with silica-SPE cartridge and eluted with hexane and acetone mixture. The purified samples were determined by HPLC-UVD and confirmed with LC-MS and quantified using external standard method. Linear range of fenpyrazamine was between $0.1{\sim}5.0{\mu}g/mL$ with the correlation coefficient (r) 0.999. The average recovery ranged from 71.8 to 102.7% at the spiked level of 0.05, 0.5, and 5.0 mg/kg, while the relative standard deviation was between 0.1 and 7.3%. In addition, limit of detection and limit of quantitation were 0.01 and 0.05 mg/L, respectively. The results revealed that the developed and validated analytical method is possible for fenpyrazamine determination in agricultural product samples and will be used as an official analytical method.

Prediction of field failure rate using data mining in the Automotive semiconductor (데이터 마이닝 기법을 이용한 차량용 반도체의 불량률 예측 연구)

  • Yun, Gyungsik;Jung, Hee-Won;Park, Seungbum
    • Journal of Technology Innovation
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    • v.26 no.3
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    • pp.37-68
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    • 2018
  • Since the 20th century, automobiles, which are the most common means of transportation, have been evolving as the use of electronic control devices and automotive semiconductors increases dramatically. Automotive semiconductors are a key component in automotive electronic control devices and are used to provide stability, efficiency of fuel use, and stability of operation to consumers. For example, automotive semiconductors include engines control, technologies for managing electric motors, transmission control units, hybrid vehicle control, start/stop systems, electronic motor control, automotive radar and LIDAR, smart head lamps, head-up displays, lane keeping systems. As such, semiconductors are being applied to almost all electronic control devices that make up an automobile, and they are creating more effects than simply combining mechanical devices. Since automotive semiconductors have a high data rate basically, a microprocessor unit is being used instead of a micro control unit. For example, semiconductors based on ARM processors are being used in telematics, audio/video multi-medias and navigation. Automotive semiconductors require characteristics such as high reliability, durability and long-term supply, considering the period of use of the automobile for more than 10 years. The reliability of automotive semiconductors is directly linked to the safety of automobiles. The semiconductor industry uses JEDEC and AEC standards to evaluate the reliability of automotive semiconductors. In addition, the life expectancy of the product is estimated at the early stage of development and at the early stage of mass production by using the reliability test method and results that are presented as standard in the automobile industry. However, there are limitations in predicting the failure rate caused by various parameters such as customer's various conditions of use and usage time. To overcome these limitations, much research has been done in academia and industry. Among them, researches using data mining techniques have been carried out in many semiconductor fields, but application and research on automotive semiconductors have not yet been studied. In this regard, this study investigates the relationship between data generated during semiconductor assembly and package test process by using data mining technique, and uses data mining technique suitable for predicting potential failure rate using customer bad data.

An Approach for Enhancing Current Korean e-Grocery Business Focusing on Delivery Service Alternatives (한국의 e-Grocery 배송서비스 대안에 관한 연구)

  • Koo, Jong-Soon;Lee, Jung-Sun;Jeon, Dong-Hwa
    • International Commerce and Information Review
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    • v.13 no.3
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    • pp.169-201
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    • 2011
  • There was a new wave in grocery business with development of information and technology, thus a movement from traditional stores to online stores, In order to expand the scale of traditional supermarket and to satisfy the customers' needs, they provide offline and online services simultaneously. This paper is based on the previous studies which had been researched in developed countries from late 1990s to early 2000s and the purpose of this study is to introduce the idea and operation system of e-Grocery business. Moreover, we suggest the alternatives on delivery service methods in order to satisfy the customers' needs through analyzing the current condition of e-Grocers in Korea. According to the result of this study, Korean e-Grocers offer only attended home delivery services. In our opinion, Korean supermarkets have to take hybrid model which Tesco.com is using. There are some alternatives to increase the profits of Korean e-Grocers and to provide better services to their customers as follows: As an alternatives for delivery services, picking service is the easiest and cheapest way to apply for supermarkets. This is very useful for working women and also it is possible to order by smartphone recently. They can order the goods to the closest local supermarkets from working place, and then they pick them up on the way home from working off. In order to improve the quality of delivery services, to use the reception box will be the way to provide better services to the customers. The reception box is a way to protect the quality of goods such as fresh-cut product, which require the freshness through the temperature adjustment, and also to keep the safety of ordered goods through locking system Through this system, supermarkets are able to use attended or unattended services under the customers' satisfaction. However, using the reception box is expensive, so shared reception box will be an alternative. As an alternative for development of e-Grocery business, the advertisement for e-Grocery business has to be supported in order to attract potential customers in e-Grocery business. Furthermore, the main concerns of e-Grocery business such as the sanitation and safety of goods, and convenience must be guaranteed in order to keep the loyal customers and to attract new customers.

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Extraction Conditions and Quality Stability of Carotenoprotein from Krill Processing Waste by Proteolytic Enzymes (크릴 가공폐기물을 이용한 Carotenoprotein의 추출조건 및 품질안정성에 관한 연구)

  • Kim Se-Kwon;KiM Yong-Tae;KWAK Dong-Chae;CHO Duck-Jae;LEE Eung-Ho
    • Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • v.23 no.1
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    • pp.40-50
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    • 1990
  • The purpose of this paper is to develop a colorant from krill, Euphausia superba, process wastes for use in food products. Carotenoproteins were extracted from preboiled krill processing offal(PKPO) and raw frozen krill processing offal(RKPO) with the aid of proteolytic enzymes. The long-term stability of the astaxanthin associated with the carotenoprotein by the addition of pretense inhibitor and antioxidant to the product were also investigated. Total astaxanthin contents of PKPO and RKPO were $35.1mg\%,\;22.1mg\%$ and those in carotenoproteins were $98.6mg\%,\;61.9mg\%$, respectively. The chitin contents of PKPO and RKPO were $6.9\%,\;4.5\%$, however, those of carotenoproteins were not determined. When $0.5\%$ trypsin was added to the extraction medium containing 0.5M $Na_3EDTA$ at $4^{\circ}C,\;74\%$ of astaxanthin and $83\%$ of the protein of PKPO were recovered as carotenoprotein in 24hrs. The amino acid profile in carotenoprotein was mainly composed of glutamic acid, methionine, aspartic acid and isoleurine. Their contents amounted to about 40% of the total amino acids, followed by alanine, phenylalanine, Iysine, leucine, threonine and tyrosine in that order, with a small amount of cysteine and tryptophan. The levels of essential amino acids were high as much as $38.3\%\~43.6\%$ of the total amino acids. The maximum observance of the carotenoid fraction from krill processing offal and from carotenoprotein was 469nm in petroleum ether. The separated components of carotenoprotein by TLC had Rfs $0.20\~0.23\;0.56\~0.60$ and $0.88\~0.91$. The carotenoids were comprised of astaxanthin, astaxanthin monoester and asthaxanthin diester in $25\~30\%\;,35\~40\%$and $40\~45\%$, respectively. The loss of carotenoids in the carotenoprotein can be prevented by the addition of pro-tease inhibitor(trasylol) and antioxidant(BHT) below $4^{\circ}C$.

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Effect of Thresher Drum-Speed on the Quality of the Milled Rice (탈곡기의 급동 속도가 도정 손실에 미치는 영향)

  • 정창주;고학균;이종호;강화석
    • Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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    • v.4 no.2
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    • pp.10-24
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    • 1979
  • It is understood that drum speed of threshers and the moisture content of paddy grains to be threshed, respectively, have a signific:mt effect upon rice recoveries. Threshing under an increased drum speed would give a high performance rate, which is the general practice in custom work threshing in association with the use of semiauto-t hreshers. In the connection, however, it may result in the promotion of grain cracks and brokens of the rice product after milling. No reference or determination for an opti mum drum speed of the thresher is made available for various grain moisture contents at the time of the threshing operation and for different rice varieties especially for the Tongil rice varieties. This study was Conducted to find out and determine effects of the drum speeds on grain losses. The grain loss was quantified in terms of recovery rates of rice grains after treatments. Samples of each of all treatments were taken from the grain sampling plate placed in the grain conveyor of threshers. The grain sample plate was specially provided for this experiment. The brown-rice, milling, and head-rice recJveries were tes ted in the laboratory mill, respectively. Two rice varieties, Akibare and Suweon 251, each with five levels of different moist\ulcornerure contents at harvest and six levels of different drum speeds of threshers, were selected and used for treatments in this experiment. Two conditions of materials were tested in the thresher. One condition was to thresh the experimental material immediately after cutting, referred to as the wet-material thr eshing in this study. The other was to thresh the experimental :material, dried to contain about 15-16 percent of the grain moisture under the shocking operation. This is referred to as the dry-material threshing in this study. In additioon, field measurements for the grain moistures and drum-sdeeds under actual operation practices of the traditional field threshing, were conducted with a view to comparing with results of the experimental treatments. The results of the study may be summarized as follows: 1. For threshing treatments of Japonica-type rice variety (Akibare) , the effect of drum speeds and levels of grain moisture at cutting upon brown-rice, milling, and head-rice recoveries were found statistically significant. No significant difference in these recovery rates was noticed regardless of whether the material was threshed right after cutting or after drying by the shocking operation. 2. For the Tongil-sister rice variety(Suweon 251), milling recovery for the varied drum-speed and the grain~moisture level at cutting was found statististically significant. Th milling recovery was much significant when associated with the wet-material thres\ulcornerhing compared to the dry-material threshing. 3. The optimum peripheral velocity to be maintained at the edge of teeth on the thr\ulcorneresher drum was determined and may be recommanded as that of about 12 to 13 meters per second in view of the maximum recovery rate of the milled rice. 4. The effect of the drum speed on the qualitative loss of the milled rice was much greater in the case of the Tongil variety than Japonica. This effect was also greater by the wet-material threshing than by the dry-material threshing. Therefore, to apply the wet-material threshing operation for the Tongil variety, in particular, it should be very important to introduce the kind of threshing technology which would maintain the drum speed at optimum. 5. A field survey for the actual drum speed of threshing operations for 50 threshers indicated that average peripheral velccity was 12.76m/sec., and that the range was from 10.50 to 14.90m/sec. Approximately, more than 30% of the experimented and measured threshers were being operated at speeds which exceeded the optimum speed determined and assessed in this study. Accordingly, it should be highly desirable and important to take counter-measures against these threshing practices of operational overspeed.

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Effect of Thresher Drum-Speed on the Quality of the Milled Rice (탈곡기의 급동 속도가 도정 손실에 미치는 영향)

  • Chung, Chang Joo;Koh, Hak Kyun;Lee, Chong Ho;Kang, Hwa Seug
    • Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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    • v.4 no.2
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    • pp.9-9
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    • 1979
  • It is understood that drum speed of threshers and the moisture content of paddy grains to be threshed, respectively, have a signific:mt effect upon rice recoveries. Threshing under an increased drum speed would give a high performance rate, which is the general practice in custom work threshing in association with the use of semiauto-t hreshers. In the connection, however, it may result in the promotion of grain cracks and brokens of the rice product after milling. No reference or determination for an opti mum drum speed of the thresher is made available for various grain moisture contents at the time of the threshing operation and for different rice varieties especially for the Tongil rice varieties. This study was Conducted to find out and determine effects of the drum speeds on grain losses. The grain loss was quantified in terms of recovery rates of rice grains after treatments. Samples of each of all treatments were taken from the grain sampling plate placed in the grain conveyor of threshers. The grain sample plate was specially provided for this experiment. The brown-rice, milling, and head-rice recJveries were tes ted in the laboratory mill, respectively. Two rice varieties, Akibare and Suweon 251, each with five levels of different moist?ure contents at harvest and six levels of different drum speeds of threshers, were selected and used for treatments in this experiment. Two conditions of materials were tested in the thresher. One condition was to thresh the experimental material immediately after cutting, referred to as the wet-material thr eshing in this study. The other was to thresh the experimental :material, dried to contain about 15-16 percent of the grain moisture under the shocking operation. This is referred to as the dry-material threshing in this study. In additioon, field measurements for the grain moistures and drum-sdeeds under actual operation practices of the traditional field threshing, were conducted with a view to comparing with results of the experimental treatments. The results of the study may be summarized as follows: 1. For threshing treatments of Japonica-type rice variety (Akibare) , the effect of drum speeds and levels of grain moisture at cutting upon brown-rice, milling, and head-rice recoveries were found statistically significant. No significant difference in these recovery rates was noticed regardless of whether the material was threshed right after cutting or after drying by the shocking operation. 2. For the Tongil-sister rice variety(Suweon 251), milling recovery for the varied drum-speed and the grain~moisture level at cutting was found statististically significant. Th milling recovery was much significant when associated with the wet-material thres?hing compared to the dry-material threshing. 3. The optimum peripheral velocity to be maintained at the edge of teeth on the thr?esher drum was determined and may be recommanded as that of about 12 to 13 meters per second in view of the maximum recovery rate of the milled rice. 4. The effect of the drum speed on the qualitative loss of the milled rice was much greater in the case of the Tongil variety than Japonica. This effect was also greater by the wet-material threshing than by the dry-material threshing. Therefore, to apply the wet-material threshing operation for the Tongil variety, in particular, it should be very important to introduce the kind of threshing technology which would maintain the drum speed at optimum. 5. A field survey for the actual drum speed of threshing operations for 50 threshers indicated that average peripheral velccity was 12.76m/sec., and that the range was from 10.50 to 14.90m/sec. Approximately, more than 30% of the experimented and measured threshers were being operated at speeds which exceeded the optimum speed determined and assessed in this study. Accordingly, it should be highly desirable and important to take counter-measures against these threshing practices of operational overspeed.