• 한국수산과학회지
• /
• 제57권4호
• /
• pp.349-354
• /
• 2024

This study investigates the effectd of substituting Undaria pinnatifida with a laver Porphyra tenera by-product (LB) on the growth performance, and soft body composition of juvenile abalone Haliotis discus hannai. A total of 750 juvenile abalones were evenly distributed across 15 tanks with 90 individuals per tank. Five diets were formulated; a control diet (Con) containing 30% U. pinnatifida and four experimental diets in which 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% U. pinnatifida were substituted with equal amounts of LB (LB25, LB50, LB75, and LB100, respectively). The feeding trial lasted for 6 weeks, with daily feeding at 16:00. Survival rate, growth performance (weight gain and specific growth rate), and soft body composition of the abalones were not affected by the substitution levels (P>0.05). Therefore, this study concluded that complete replacement of LB with 100% U. pinnatifida in the abalone diet did not adversely affect survival, growth performance, or soft body composition.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• 제46권2호
• /
• pp.202-210
• /
• 2018

This study was carried out to quantify degree of contribution of harvested wood product (HWP) on mitigation of climate change by valuation of public benefits, environmentally and economically. The potential carbon dioxide emission reduction of HWP was estimated by accounting carbon storage effect and substitution effect. Based on 2014 statistics of Korea Forest Service, domestic HWPs were sorted by two categories, such as wood products produced domestically from domestic and imported roundwood. The wood products were divided into seven items; sawnwood, plywood, particle board, fiberboard (MDF), paper (including pulp), biomass (wood pellet) and other products. The carbon stock of wood products and substitution effects during manufacturing process was evaluated by items. Based on the relevant carbon emission factor and life cycle analysis, the amount of carbon dioxide emission per unit volume on HWP was quantified. The amounts of carbon stock of HWP produced from domestic and from imported roundwood were 3.8 million $tCO_{2eq}$., and 2.6 million $tCO_{2eq}$., respectively. Also, each reduction of carbon emission by substitution effect of HWP produced from domestic and imported roundwood was 3.1 million $tCO_{2eq}$. and 2.1 million $tCO_{2eq}$., respectively. The results of this study, the amount of carbon emission reduction of HWP, can be effectively used as a basic data for promotion of wood utilization to revise and establish new wood utilization promotion policy such as 'forest carbon offset scheme', and 'carbon storage labeling system of HWP'.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제19권1호
• /
• pp.13-20
• /
• 1990

Yu Ja cheong(Citron product) one of the traditional drinks was processed by a modified method to improve the quality,. Sugar(38%) and sorbitol(12%) were added as partially substi-tuted sugar and experimented about quality stability during storage at 20$\pm$2$^{\circ}C$ comparing with conventional 50% sugar added product. Chemical compositions of the acidity 40. 46mg% total Vitamin and 28.5mg% amino-N and pH was 3.7 During the storage pH reducing sugar and amino-N contents increased slightly while total acididty decreased slightly and reduced vitamin C occupied most part of total vitamin C after proessing was converted to oxidized vitamin C greatly at 70 days of storage. While L a and b values deceased in between modified one and conventional product. e value increased continually during storage {{{{ {C }_{16 { }:_{ } 0 } }}}} {{{{ {C }_{18 { }:_{ }0 } }}}} {{{{ {C}_{18 { }:_{ }1 } }}}} and {{{{ {C }_{18 { }:_{ }2 } }}}} contnts in fatty acid and citric acid itaconic acid malic acid and succinic acid in organic acid were the major componets in both products. Judging from the results of experiments during storage the quality of the modified product was compared quite well with that of vonventional one during storage.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• 제21권4호
• /
• pp.10.1-10.8
• /
• 2018

Substitution effect of white radish' by-product (WRB) and tunic of sea squirt (TSS) for Undaria in feed on growth and carcass composition of abalone was determined. Eight-hundred forty juveniles were distributed into 12 containers. Three formulated diets were prepared in triplicate. A 15% Undaria was included in the control diet. The 15% Undaria was substituted with a same amount of WRB and TSS, referred to as the DRG and TSS diets, respectively. Finally, dry Undaria was also prepared to compare effect of the formulated diets on performance of abalone. The experimental diets were fed to abalone once a day at a satiation level with a little leftover. The feeding trial lasted for 16 weeks. Crude protein, crude lipid, and ash content of the experimental diets changed over all period of time. Higher crude protein and lipid and ash contents retained in all formulated diets compared to the Undaria were observed at 24 and 48 h after seawater immersion. Survival of abalone was not affected by the experimental diets. Weight gain and specific growth rate (SGR) of abalone fed the TSS diet was greater than all other diets. Weight gain and SGR of abalone fed the control diet was not different from those of abalone fed the WRB diet. Proximates of the soft body of abalone was affected by the diets. In conclusion, WRB and TSS are the promising feed ingredients to replace Undaria in abalone feed; especially, TSS is superior to either Undaria or WRB. The formulated diets produced improved growth performance of abalone over the single Undaria.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
• /
• 제24권3호
• /
• pp.96-103
• /
• 2020

천연제올라이트를 콘크리트 혼화재료로서 활용을 위한 기초적 연구로서, 압축강도, 활성도 지수, Ca(OH)₂정량분석, XRD 실험을 통하여 고찰하였다. 천연제올라이트를 분말도 및 치환율에 따라 첨가한 모든 실험체에서 천연제올라이트에 풍부하게 함유되어 있는 SiO₂가 시멘트의 수화생성물과의 반응으로 강도발현에 영향을 미치는 것으로 사료된다. 치환율이 많아 질수록 압축강도가 저하되는 것을 확인할 수 있었으며, 이는 기준모르타르의 시멘트 양에 비해 강도발현에 영향을 미치는 C₃S, C₂S의 클링커 구성 광물의 함유량이 감소하였기 때문으로 판단된다. XRD 결정 구조상 기준모르타르와 큰 차이를 보이지 않았으며, 이를 통해 천연제올라이트를 10% 치환한 Z2-10(Blaine : 15,600㎠/g)실험체가 실험수준 중 가장 우수한 것으로 확인 할 수 있었다. 콘크리트 혼화재료로 사용하기 위한 치환량은 10%의 치환이 가장 이상적으로 보여진다.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국콘크리트학회 2002년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
• /
• pp.675-680
• /
• 2002

This study was to operate a fitting production specific of concrete product for proper mixing discovery. Testing method was to operate slump, air content, compressive strength test. The standard was water-cement ratio 50% and weight substitution 0%, 10%, 20% by Fly-ash and using Silica-fume and HPMC(Hydroxy propyl methyl cellulos) by additive. The result of this study showed when add Fly-ash to Silica-Fume is better than HPMC.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제25권8호
• /
• pp.1132-1137
• /
• 2012

Objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of partial substitution of barley grain with bread by-product (BB) on performance of Awassi ewes and their lambs. Forty Awassi ewes rearing single lambs were randomly allotted into four experimental diets containing various levels of BB. The experimental diets contained 0 (BB0), 10 (BB10), 15 (BB15), and 20% (BB20) of BB on dietary dry matter (DM). The study lasted for eight weeks, in which the first week was used as an adaptation period and seven weeks of data collection. Ewes and their lambs were penned individually where they were fed their lactating diets ad libitum. Ewes and lambs body weights were measured at the beginning and at the end of the experiment. However, milk production and composition were evaluated biweekly. Feeding BB had no effect (p>0.05) on dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), and crude protein (CP) intakes. However, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) intake was the lowest (p<0.05) for the BB20 and BB15 diets followed to BB10 diet (i.e., 640, 677, 772 g/d, respectively) while the highest NDF intake was for the BB0 diet (i.e., 825 g/d). Similarly, NDF intake decreased linearly (p<0.001) as the BB content increased. Acid detergent fiber (ADF) intake was highest (p<0.05) for the BB0 and BB10 diets (425 and 416 g/d, respectively) followed by the BB15 and BB20 diets (359 and 342 g/d, respectively). Moreover, a linear (p<0.001), quadratic (p = 0.04), and cubic (p = 0.04) effects were observed in ADF intake among diets. Nutrient digestibility was similar among different diets. Bread by-product had no effect (p>0.05) on ewes body weight change and on lamb performance (i.e., weaning body weight and average daily gain). Similarly, no differences (p>0.05) were observed either in milk production or composition by the BB substitution. Inclusion of BB reduced feed cost by 9, 14, and 18% for the BB10, BB15, and BB20 diets, respectively. No differences were observed in milk efficiency (DM intake: milk production; p>0.05) among diets. However, cost of milk production ($US/kg milk) was the lowest (p<0.05) in the diet containing BB20. Results of the present study indicate that feeding bread by-product up to 20% of the diet DM had no effect on performance of Awassi ewes and their lambs and reduced feed cost.

• 전자공학회논문지B
• /
• 제29B권11호
• /
• pp.56-64
• /
• 1992

The sum-of-product type MVL (Multiple-valued logic) functions can be directly transformed into the exclusive-sum-of-literal-product(ESOLP) type MVL functions with a substitution of the OR operator with the exclusive-OR(XOR) operator. This paper presents an algorithm that can reduce the number of minterms for the purpose of minimizing the hardware size and the complexity of the circuit in the realization of ESOLP-type MVL functions. In Boolean algebra, the joinable true minterms can form the cube, and if some cubes form a cube-chain with adjacent cubes by the insertion of false cubes(or, false minterms), then the created cube-chain can become a large cube which includes previous cubes. As a result of the cube grouping, the number of minterms can be reduced artificially. Since ESOLP-type MVL functions take the MIN/XOR structure, a XOR circuit and a four-valued MIN/XOR dynamic-CMOS PLA circuit is designed for the realization of the minimized functions, and PSPICE simulation results have been also presented for the validation of the proposed algorithm.

• 한국콘텐츠학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국콘텐츠학회 2009년도 춘계 종합학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.802-806
• /
• 2009

제안된 시스템의 통합커뮤니케이션 모듈과 기존의 커뮤니케이션 관련 모듈 결합을 하면 제품의 성능 및 품질에서 MS, ADOBE 등 굴지의 외국기업 제품의 품질 보다 우수한 수준이 제품의 공급이 가능하고, 순수 국내 기술에 의해 개발된 제품으로 탁월한 가격 경쟁력을 확보 및 수입대체 효과가 있을 것으로 예상 된다.

• 약학회지
• /
• 제54권4호
• /
• pp.240-243
• /
• 2010

High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) screening method revealed that a propolis product marketed as a functional food contained an undeclared substance similar to tadalafil, the active ingredient of the prescription drug Cialis$^{(R)}$ approved for the treatment of male erectile dysfunction. In order to identify the illegal additive, the propolis product was extracted with methylene chloride, and the extract was purified further using semipreparative HPLC. The chemical structure of the isolated substance was elucidated based on IR, LC/MS-ESI, and $^1H$- and $^{13}C$-NMR spectroscopy, which showed the characteristics similar to tadalafil. The only difference was the substitution of the methyl group at the piperazinedione ring of tadalafil to the amino group of the identified illegal additive.