• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.119-126
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• 2024

In building information model (BIM), it is difficult to train an artificial intelligence (AI) model due to the lack of sufficient data about individual projects in an architecture firm. In this paper, we present a methodology to correctly train an AI neural network model based on a large language model (LLM) to predict the steel structure product weight ratios in BIM. The proposed method, with the aid of the LLM, can overcome the inherent problem of limited data availability in BIM and handle a combination of natural language and numerical data. The experimental results showed that the proposed method demonstrated significantly higher accuracy than methods based on a smaller language model. The potential for effectively applying large language models in BIM is confirmed, leading to expectations of preventing building accidents and efficiently managing construction costs.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.177-186
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• 2002

This experiment was conducted to examine possibility and suitability of forest by-product as a roughage source of deer. As a experimental diet, forest by-product silage(FPS) and commercial mixed ration(CMR) were prepared to compare dry matter intake, digestibility, nitrogen balance and feeding behavior in feeding trials with spotted deer. The digestibility of dry matter was higher(P<0.05) in CMR than in FPS. The digestibility of crude protein was higher in CMR than in FPS and there was significant difference(P＜0.05). CMR had more digestibility of crude fiber than FBS but the difference was not significant. Dry matter intake were similar in both diets. Digestible dry matter intake was higher in CMR than FPS, however, there was no significant difference between experimental diets. Nitrogen intake, urinary and digestible nitrogen were significantly higher(P<0.05) in CMR than FPS. The efficiency of nitorgen utilization was higher for FPS than for CMR. Feeding behavior were similar in FPS and CMR. Consequently. It would be expected that FPS that composed with various feed sources can be used as a good roughage source of deer. Because it has high digestibility, dry matter intake and internal availability of nitrogen.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.529-540
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is examine how price attitude and risk perception affect6 consumer's attitude to clothing discount stores. As for the methods of the research 313 female consumers who just finished shopping at discount stores were interviewed and questioned. The result is as the following. 1. The factors such as discount price inclination effective value inclination price-quality association and price-social grade association in the price attitude as well as social psychological risk and the risk of losing opportunity in the risk perception affected consumer's attitude to clothing discount store. 2. The domestic national brand discount store acquired the highest scores in all factors but discount inclination factor and low price inclination factor. No difference was seen between stores in terms of the risk perception. 3. The determining factors for repurchase intention were found to be store satisfaction and the attitude to clothing discount store. 4. The convenience of transportation the availability of exchange or repair the payment option the quality of the product and the attributes of the store e, g, good quality with relatively low price affected the store satisfaction. 5. Domestic national brand discount store showed higher score in 'good quality with relatively low price' than domestic casual brand discount store did. And difference between groups was found in repurchase intention, Conclusively most consumers using clothing discount stores are effective value-oriented.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.9-16
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• 1995

Model material technique, which requires only the small space of experimental set-up and low cost for experiment, is used to estimate the deformed profile and the forging load in rotary forging. The materials and working conditions are determined to satisfy the similitude conditions between the model test and the prototype test. The model material of the so-called plasticine and the mild steel are chosen as specimens, and they represent almost the same value of strain gardening exponent in the stress-strain relationship. Lubricant in the model test is also carefully selected so that it gives the same frictional conditions at the tool-specimen interface. Experiments for two kinds of specimens are carried out in each testing equipment at room temperatue. From the experiments the deformed dimensions and the forging loads are measured and compared with each other by using the simulation coefficients. It is shown that there are good agreements between the model test and the prototype test. Finally, for verifying the availability of the model material technique this mathod is applied to forging of bevel gear product. the good result is obained which can demonstrate that the model material technique is very efficent for estimating or developing a new process.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.49-58
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• 2016

Corrugated board provides packaging for most diverse industries with a share of over 50%, due to the numerous advantages they offer a good protection of the products. In other hand corrugated board fails in environmental conditions, indicating that relative humidity or temperature is higher. These effects directly damage the product packaged. To overcome on this problem recently corrugated boards produced with functional material, "functional corrugated boards," have become more available in the current market. A number of commercialized forms of functional material are coated or composited products with inorganic materials, for example "Nano clay" as representative. However, although the use of functional materials is increasing in corrugated boards, the several concerns such as over cost, environmental friendly materials, recycling, and toxicity affect consumer perceptions and acceptance. In the past, number of researcher focused on process of box compression and the utility of box compression testing etc., best of our knowledge there is no review paper which focus on the functional corrugated boards used in food packaging applications. This paper aims to review the availability of functional corrugated boards in the current market, past research studies on functional material and present the current status of functional corrugated boards in leading countries.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.1012-1016
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• 2002

This paper describes a research work of developing computer-aided design of a product with bending and piercing for progressive working. An approach to the system for progressive working is based on the knowledge-based rules. Knowledge for the system is formulated from plasticity theories, experimental results and the empirical knowledge of field experts. The system has been written in Auto-LISP on the Auto-CAD with a personal computer and is composed of four main modules, which are input and shape treatment, flat pattern layout, strip layout, and die layout modules. The system is designed by considering several factors, such as bending sequences by fuzzy set theory, complexities of blank geometry, punch profiles, and the availability of a press equipment. Strip layout drawing generated in the strip layout module is presented in 3-D graphic forms, including bending sequences and piercing processes with punch profiles divided into for external area. The die layout module carries out die design for each process obtained from the results of the strip layout. Results obtained using the modules enable the manufacturer for progressive working of electric products to be more efficient in this field.

• International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.38-47
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• 2001

This paper decribes the development of computer-aided design of a very precise progressice die for lead frame of semiconductor chip. The approach to the system is based on knowledgr-based rules. Knowledge of fie이 experts. This system has been written in AutoLISP using AutoCAD ona personal computer and the I-DEAS drafting programming Language on the I-DEAS mater series drafting with on HP9000/715(64) workstation. Data exchange between AutoCAD and I-DEAS master series drafting is accomplished using DXF(drawing exchange format) and IGES(initial graphics exchange specification) files. This system is composed of six main modules, which are input and shape treatment, production feasibility check, strip layout, data conversion, die layout, and post processing modules. Based on Knowledge-based rules, the system considers several factors, such as V-notches, dimple, pad chamfer, spank, cavity punch, camber, coined area, cross bow, material and thickness of product, complexities of blank geometry and punch profiles, specifications of available presses, and the availability of standard parts. As forming processes and the die design system using 2D geometry recognition are integrated with the technology of process planning, die design, and CAE analysis, the standardization of die part for lead frames requiting a high precision process is possible. The die layout drawing generated by the die layout module s displayed in graphic form. The developed system makes it possible to design and manufacture lead frame of a semiconductor more efficiently.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.73-80
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• 2001

Lung perfusion scanning, invariably combined with ventilation studies provides a reliable and non-invasive mean to diagnose lung related pathologies despite the availability of modern techniques such as angiography, magnetic resonance imaging, magnetic resonance angiography, and helical (spiral) computed tomography. The technique involves the generation of images by radiations emitted from radioisotopes introduced in to the lungs. Various radiopharmaceuticals have been proposed and designed to incorporate $Tc^{99m}$ in to macroparticulate form for lung perfusion imaging. However, most of these have associated difficulties such as reproducibility of the product with regards to particle size distribution and poor elimination from the lung capillary bed. $Tc^{99m}$ macroaggregated albumin $(Tc^{99m}-MAA)$ is used extensively for clinical lung perfusion imaging and is considered as the radiopharmaceutical of choice. It is non-toxic, safe, and being biodegradable, is easily eliminated from the lung capillary bed by proteolytic enzyme metabolism and by mechanical forces due to lung movement.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.225-231
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• 2003

The injection molding is a traditional manufacturing method that can make plastic parts by just one time in mold. Therefore, the injection molding has become one of a manufacturing method, which is widely applied in a producing of plastic products. Nowadays, to use of plastic parts has increased and plastic product-model using term has been shorten. By these reasons, using term of a injection mold has fast been reduced. These produced molds will be disused and leaved in a storage after a regular term to use it. These leaved molds are sometime sold as scrap iron. But, these molds have lots parts for recycling except special parts for example, cavities, cores and eject pins, etc. In this research, we investigated when the cavity and core of in injection mold would be changed, the injection mold could be recycled. We suggested the structures and standardizations for recycling of a moldbase. We also developed a program in which can be used when the recycling moldbase design in the Auto-CAD with the recycling standards. We called this program as the Recy-Mold. For the availability of the program and moldbase structure fur the recycling standards, we experimented a used mold for automobile lens, which was remanufactured by the recycling standard. The results of this test showed feasibility for the recycling mold.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.207-224
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• 2005

The objective of this study was to explore the principles of SUPAC-SS and its regulatory application in handling postapproval changes to nonsterile semisolid dosage forms. The types of postapproval changes that SUPAC-SS described were modifications in formulation (components and composition), batch size, manufacturing equipment & process, and the site of manufacturing. SUPAC-SS defined the levels of postapproval changes and what chemistry, manufacturing, and control tests should be conducted for each change level. The guidance also specified several occasions the manufacturers should perform in vitro release test (Franz cell diffusion test) and/or in vivo bioequivalence test. Finally, SUPAC-SS classified appropriate filing forms to be used in supporting postapproval changes. It was crystal clear that SUPAC-SS helped maintain the safety and quality of approved semisolid dosage forms when they were subject to certain postapproval changes. The availability of SUPAC-SS made contributions to reducing regulatory burdens of the industry, as well as expediting the postapproval process of regulatory agencies. This study also shed light on the background of relevant pharmaceutical sciences that the SUPAC-SS guidance adopted. Finally, the KFDA and the industry were strongly urged to implant a similar guidance in handling postapproval changes to semisolid dosage forms available in the Korean marketplace.