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Effects of Dietary Supplementation of Ginseng By-Products on Growth Performance, Organ Weight and Blood Biochemical Characteristics in Broiler (육계 사료 내 인삼 부산물 첨가 급여가 생산성, 장기 무게 및 혈액 생화학 특성에 미치는 영향)

  • Lee, Jun-Ho;Park, Hye-Sung;Song, Ju-Yong;Kim, Bong-Ki;Park, Hee-Bok;Kim, Ji-Hyuk
    • Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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    • v.48 no.4
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    • pp.267-275
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    • 2021
  • The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of dietary supplementation with ginseng berry, stems, and leaves on the growth performance, organ development, and blood biochemical characteristics of broilers. One hundred twenty one-day-old male broiler chicks (Ross 308) were randomly allocated to five groups: control (CON), ginseng berry 0.5% (GB1), ginseng berry 1.0% (GB2), ginseng stems and leaves 0.5% (GLS1), and ginseng stems and leaves 1.0% (GLS2). During the grower period (1-21 d), the body weight gain of all ginseng by-product fed groups was significantly higher (p<0.05) than that of the control group. During the finisher period (22-35 d), the feed intake in GLS2 was significantly higher (p<0.05) than that in the other groups, but there was no significant difference in weight gain or feed conversion ratio. No significant differences were detected among treatments when the growth performance was analyzed throughout the entire period (1-35 d). There was no significant difference in the serum biochemical profile, except for blood glucose. Glucose levels were significantly lower (p<0.05) in GLS groups, and tended to be lower in GB groups when compared to the control. Major organ weights showed no significant differences among treatment groups when compared to each other. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of ginseng by-products may improve the early growth of broiler chickens and reduce blood glucose levels.

Effects of Ginseng By-Products Supplementation on Performance, Blood Biochemical Profiles, Organ Development, and Stress Parameter in Broiler under Heat Stress Condition (인삼 부산물의 첨가 급여가 고온 스트레스 하 육계의 생산성, 혈액조성, 장기발달 및 스트레스 지표에 미치는 영향)

  • Jun-Ho, Lee;Ji-Won, Yoon;Bong-Ki, Kim;Hee-Bok, Park;Kyu-Sang, Lim;Ji-Hyuk, Kim
    • Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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    • v.49 no.4
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    • pp.255-264
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    • 2022
  • This study was performed to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with ginseng by-products on growth, organ development, blood biochemical profiles, immune response, and stress parameter of broilers reared in high ambient temperatures. One hundred one-day-old male chicks (Ross 308) were used. At week two, the birds were randomly allocated into five dietary groups; control (CON), 0.5% ginseng berry (GB1), 1.0% ginseng berry (GB2), 0.5% ginseng leaves and stems (GLS1), and 1.0% ginseng leaves and stems (GLS2). The temperature was maintained at 32±1℃from 9 AM to 5 PM. Growth, serum immunoglobulins and corticosterone levels were monitored and analyzed. No significant differences among groups were observed in growth. However, during the finisher period (21~35d) and overall period (7~35 d), body weight gain in all supplemented groups tended higher than CON group. Blood biochemical profiles did not significantly differ among treatment groups except in bilirubin level. Serum immunoglobulins and corticosterone level showed no significant differences among groups. IgM and IgG levels were numerically higher in GLS1 than in other groups, but the difference was not significant. Corticosterone level also tended lower in all supplemented groups than in CON group, and larger decreases were observed in groups with higher ginseng by-product concentration. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of ginseng by-products shows potential to reduce heat stress in growing broilers with no negative effect on productivity.

Optimization for Removal of Nitrogen Using Non-consumable Anode Electrodes (비소모성 Anode(산화전극)을 이용한 질소 제거 최적화)

  • Hyunsang, Kim;Younghee, Kim
    • Clean Technology
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    • v.28 no.4
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    • pp.309-315
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    • 2022
  • Research was conducted to derive the optimal operation conditions and the optimal cathode for using a DSA electrode as an anode to minimize electrode consumption during the removal of nitrogen from wastewater by the electro-chemical method. Of the various electrodes tested as cathodes, brass was determined to be the optimal electrode. It had the highest NO3-N removal rate and the lowest concentration of residual NH3-N, a by-product when Cl is present in the solution. Investigating the effect of current density found that when the initial concentration of NO3-N was 50 mg L-1, the optimal current density was 15 mA cm-2. In addition, current densities above 15 mA cm-2 did not significantly affect the NO3-N removal rate. The effect of electrolytes on removing NO3-N and minimizing NH3-N was investigated by using Na2SO4 and NaCl as electrolytes and varying the reaction times. When Na2SO4 and NaCl are mixed at a ratio of 1.0 g L-1 to 0.5 g L-1 and reacted for 90 min at a current density of 15 mA cm-2 and an initial NO3-N concentration of 50 mg L-1, the removal rate of NO3-N was about 48% and there was no residual NH3-N. On the other hand, when using only 1.5 g L-1 of NaCl as an electrolyte, the removal rate of NO3-N was the highest at about 55% and there was no residual NH3-N.

Synthesis and Structural Study of Extraframework ZrI6Tl119+ Cationic Cluster in Zeolite A (제올라이트 A 동공 내 비골격 ZrI6Tl119+ 양이온 클러스터의 합성과 구조 연구)

  • Hyeon Seung, Lim;Jong Sam, Park;Cheol Woong, Kim;Woo Taik, Lim
    • Korean Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology
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    • v.35 no.4
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    • pp.447-455
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    • 2022
  • Fully dehydrated Tl12-LTA (|Tl12|[Si12Al12O48]-LTA,Tl12-A) was treated with 6.0×103 Pa of ZrI4 (g) at 623 K for 72 hr under anhydrous conditions. The crystal structure of product, |Zr0.25I1.5Tl12|[Si12Al12O48]-LTA, was determined by single-crystal crystallography using synchrotron X-radiation in the cubic space group Pm3m (a = 12.337(2) Å). It was refined using all data to the final error index (for the 712 unique reflections for which Fo> 4σ(Fo) R1/wR2= 0.055/0.189. In this structure, octahedral ZrI62- ions center about 25% of the large cavities (Zr-I = 2.91(4) Å). Each coordinates to eight Tl+ ions and they are further bridged by Tl+ ions in the planes of 8-rings to form a cubic three-dimensional ZrI6Tl119+ cationic cluster. About 1.5 Tl+ ions per unit cell moved to deeper side of sodalite cavity after reaction with ZrI4(g). The remaining Tl+ ions occupy well-established cation positions near 6- and 8-rings.

Market evaluation and marketing strategy to expand the consumption of Pleurotus nebrodensis variety 'Uram' (백령느타리 '우람'의 소비확대를 위한 시장평가와 마케팅 전략)

  • Kim, Yeon-Jin;Lee, Ja-Young;Kim, Jeong-Han;Choi, Jun-Yeong;Lee, Chae-Young;Lee, Chan-Jung;Lim, Gab-June
    • Journal of Mushroom
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    • v.20 no.3
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    • pp.173-177
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    • 2022
  • Mushroom production in Korea is concentrated on five major mushroom types. To create a new source of income for farmers, it is necessary to establish new mushroom production and marketing systems. This study was conducted to evaluate the marketability of and establish a marketing strategy for Pleurotus nebrodensis variety 'Uram'. The evaluation of distributors showed that it was necessary to cultivate mushrooms of uniform shape and size, to compensate for their low storability, and to sell them in small packages. The consumer evaluation showed that the texture of P. nebrodensis had the highest level of satisfaction for quality, but the levels of satisfaction for size and shape were low. In the consumer evaluation, as in the distributor evaluation, improvements in cultivation were found to be necessary, as the storage time is short due to a high moisture content. An evaluation of the market gave the following results regarding the marketing strategy. It was found to be necessary to consider the production of mushrooms of a uniform shape and size and sell them in small packages in the range of 150 to 300 g. The price of the mushrooms should be set using a high-end strategy for high-end sales. The mushrooms should be introduced to local food and eco-friendly stores in the early stages of production. Subsequently, if farmhouse production increases, shipments should be made to wholesale markets through a regular contract. Finally, considering that P. nebrodensis is an unfamiliar mushroom to consumers, it is necessary to promote it by increasing the accessibility of consumers through tasting events and experience groups.

Preparation of an Inactivated Influenza Vaccine Using the Ethanol Extracts of Medical Herbs (한약재 식물 에탄올추출물을 이용한 인플루엔자 불활화백신 제작)

  • Cho, Sehee;Lee, Seung-Hoon;Kim, Seonjeong;Cheong, Yucheol;Kim, Yewon;Kim, Ju Won;Kim, Su Jeong;Seo, Seungin;Seo, Dong-Won;Lim, Jae-Hwan;Jeon, Sejin;Jang, Yo Han
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.32 no.12
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    • pp.919-928
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    • 2022
  • As seen in the COVID-19 pandemic, unexpected emergence of new viruses presents serious concern on public health. Especially, the absence of effective vaccines or antiviral drugs against emerging viruses significantly increases the severity of disease and duration of viral circulation among population. Natural products have served as a major source for safe and effective antiviral drugs. In this study, we examined the virucidal activity of medical herb extracts with a view to discover novel antiviral agents with desired levels of safety and antiviral efficacy. Ethanol extracts of ten selected medical herbs were tested for antioxidant activity and in-vitro cytotoxicity in various animal cell lines. Of note, the herbal extracts showed broad and potent virucidal activities against rotavirus, hepatitis A virus, and influenza A virus. The extracts of Sorbus commixta and Glycyrrhiza uralensis showed strong virucidal activities against influenza A virus. We also examined whether the extracts of Sorbus commixta and Glycyrrhiza uralensis can be used as inactivating agents to prepare an inactivated viral vaccine. In a mouse model, influenza A virus inactivated by the extracts elicited high levels of neutralizing antibodies, and the vaccination provided complete protection against lethal challenge. These results suggest that herb-derived natural products can be developed to antiviral drugs as well as inactivating agents for preparation of inactivated viral vaccines.

Current Status and Future Perspective of Industrial Insects Use in South Korea (국내 산업곤충의 이용 현황과 미래 전망)

  • Kim, Wontae;Kim, So-Yun;Ji, Sangmin;Chang, Gyu-Dong;Song, Jeong-Hun
    • Korean journal of applied entomology
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    • v.61 no.1
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    • pp.221-227
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    • 2022
  • In accordance with Article 6 of the 「Insect Industry Promotion and Support Act」, the National Institute of Agricultural Sciences conducted a fact-finding investigation in the insect industry for related workers in 2020. Most commonly, insect industry workers were involved in production (98.5%), the male ratio was high (80.4%), while those in their 50s comprised 36.4% of the workers. As for the uses of industrial insects, 66.5% was for food and medicine, 12.7% for feed, and 20.7% as pets. The most commonly produced industrial insect species by use were the white-spotted flower chafer (69.6%), Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis (Kolbe), for food and medicine; crickets (31.2%) for feed; and the rhinoceros beetle (45.6%), Allomyrina dichotoma (Linnaeus), as pets. Powder was the most common product form at 68.5%, and live insects constituted 40.9%. Insect farms with an annual income accounted for 77.3%, of which 65.4% had annual sales of less than 20 million won. Market acquisition was rated by most insect industry workers (84.0%) as the primary challenge. In conclusion, although the number of people employed in the insect industry is increasing annually, the number of young insect farmers (20s to 40s) is decreasing. The production of industrial insects was limited to a few species, and more than half of insect farms have very low incomes. Furthermore, insect farms have the greatest difficulty in market acquisition, necessitating the development of utilization technology to promote the consumption of industrial insects.

Microbiological Hazard Analysis of Sundae (Korean Sausage) Made of Meat By-Products (식육 부산물을 활용한 순대의 미생물학적 위해 분석)

  • Cheong, Jin-Sook;Kim, Yun Jeong;Om, Ae-Son
    • Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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    • v.37 no.3
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    • pp.181-188
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    • 2022
  • Despite the recent increase in the consumption level of the processed meat-byproducts, the health and safety issue has consistently been raised in the processes of production, distribution and consumption. The purpose of this study is to analyze and evaluate the microbiological hazard elements in the Korean sausage, "Sundae," to present not only the safety standard of meat by-product vendors based on HACCP (Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point), but also the quality control criteria and sanitary arrangements of small manufacturers. For the study, the microbiological hazards in 24 raw materials, 7 manufacturing processes, 40 facilities and tools, 17 workplace environment, and 12 workers were analyzed. The analysis revealed the hazardous elements in the initial stages with 6.28 and 4.07 log CFU/g of total aerobic count and coliforms, respectively, detected from the porcine blood and 3.23 log CFU/g of coliforms from the porcine small intestines. The result also showed that the total aerobic counts and coliforms in the process of mixing and filling process exceeds the standards in the hygiene guidelines by Natick with the total aerobic counts of 5.23, 5.45 log CFU/g, and the coliforms of 3.25, and 3.31 log CFU/g, respectively. Although the detected total aerobic count and the coliforms in the filling and washing rooms exceeded the standards, it was found that the total aerobic count was significantly reduced by 98% after cleaning and disinfecting and no coliforms was detected in any process thereafter. In order to achieve high level of safety in the manufacturing processes of Sundae, the separation of washing and disinfection room from the other sections and the sanitation control of the workers must be preceded, along with strict monitoring in the storage and distribution processes. The study raises necessity for additional studies for the safety evaluation of the processed meat-byproducts and further researches on the validity of the critical limits.

A Study for Kinetics and Oxidation Reaction of Alcohols using (C10H8N2H)2Cr2O7 ((C10H8N2H)2Cr2O7를 이용한 알코올들의 산화반응과 반응속도에 관한 연구)

  • Park, Young-Cho;Kim, Soo-Jong
    • The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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    • v.8 no.6
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    • pp.927-933
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    • 2022
  • We synthesized (C10H8N2H)2Cr2O7, The structure of the product was characterized with FT-IR(infrared) and elemental analysis. The oxidation of benzyl alcohol by (C10H8N2H)2Cr2O7 in organic solvents showed that the reactivity increased with the increase of the dielectric constant. The oxidation of alcohols was examined by (C10H8N2H)2Cr2O7 in DMF, acetone. As a resuit, (C10H8N2H)2Cr2O7 was found as efficicent oxidizing agent that converted benzyl alcohol, allyl alcohol, primary alcohol and secondary alcohols to the corresponding aldehydes or ketones(65%~95%). The selective oxidation of alcohols was also examined by (C10H8N2H)2Cr2O7 in DMF, acetone. (C10H8N2H)2Cr2O7 was selective oxidizing agent(15%~95%) of benzyl alcohol, allyl alcohol and primary alcohol in the presence of secondary ones. In the presence of DMF solvent with acidic catalyst such as H2SO4. (C10H8N2H)2Cr2O7 oxidized benzyl alcohol(H) and its derivatives. The Hammett reaction constant(ρ) was -0.69(308K). The observed experimental data were used to rationalize the hydride ion transfer in the rate determining step.

Characteristics of Flue Gas Using Direct Combustion of VOC and Ammonia (휘발성 유기 화합물 및 암모니아 직접 연소를 통한 배기가스 특성)

  • Kim, JongSu;Choi, SeukCheun;Jeong, SooHwa;Mock, ChinSung;Kim, DooBoem
    • Clean Technology
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    • v.28 no.2
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    • pp.131-137
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    • 2022
  • The semiconductor process currently emits various by-products and unused gases. Emissions containing pollutants are generally classified into categories such as organic, acid, alkali, thermal, and cabinet exhaust. They are discharged after treatment in an atmospheric prevention facility suitable for each exhaust type. The main components of organic exhaust are volatile organic compounds (VOC), which is a generic term for oxygen-containing hydrocarbons, sulfur-containing hydrocarbons, and volatile hydrocarbons, while the main components of alkali exhaust include ammonia and tetramethylammonium hydroxide. The purpose of this study was to determine the combustion characteristics and analyze the NOX reduction rate by maintaining a direct combustion and temperature to process organic and alkaline exhaust gases simultaneously. Acetone, isopropyl alcohol (IPA), and propylene glycol methyl ether acetate (PGMEA) were used as VOCs and ammonia was used as an alkali exhaust material. Independent and VOC-ammonia mixture combustion tests were conducted for each material. The combustion tests for the VOCs confirmed that complete combustion occurred at an equivalence ratio of 1.4. In the ammonia combustion test, the NOX concentration decreased at a lower equivalence ratio. In the co-combustion of VOC and ammonia, NO was dominant in the NOX emission while NO2 was detected at approximately 10 ppm. Overall, the concentration of nitrogen oxide decreased due to the activation of the oxidation reaction as the reaction temperature increased. On the other hand, the concentration of carbon dioxide increased. Flameless combustion with an electric heat source achieved successful combustion of VOC and ammonia. This technology is expected to have advantages in cost and compactness compared to existing organic and alkaline treatment systems applied separately.