• 무역상무연구
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• 제19권
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• pp.7-31
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• 2003

The governments of almost countries have the rules and procedures that the purchasing entities have to follow, in order to ensure that the best value for money spent is obtained in procuring goods and services. However, there are often some of important problems in their rules relating to government procurement. Namely, almost countries have a variety of discriminatory regulations for foreign suppliers in the government procurement laws with the object of national security, economic welfare, and protection of domestic market from international competition. For this reason, several advanced countries had reached the Plurilateral Agreement on Government Procurement during Tokyo Round(1973-1979) and Uruguay Round(1986-1994). However, the provisions of two agreements do not apply to all products made by the government but only to those made by purchasing entities specified by each member country in its list in the Appendix. Accordingly, the size of goods and services purchased from foreign suppliers were comparatively not large. As we know well, the United States have spent a large amount of money from federal and state government budget. But the portion of procurement from foreign suppliers is still small, compared with the portion of procurement from domestic suppliers. The main reason are that U.S. has applied for long time the so-called Buy American Act to government procurement positively and maintained many kinds of other domestic regulations which have discriminatory provisions for foreign goods and foreign suppliers. On the recognition of these points, this thesis deals with the Buy American Act and other U.S. domestic laws, regional and bilateral, and plurilateral agreements including WTO Agreement on Government Procurement. As a result, the author found that there are several concerns and problems in the U.S. regulations relating to government procurement. It include the provisions on priority procurement of U.S.-produced products, local contents requirements, set-aside procurement from small business, and exclusion of preferential procurement from the developing countries.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 3th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.827-834
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• 2009

In respond to the demand of an open, fair, transparent, and efficient environment for procurement, many governments have incorporated the use of internet in their procurement systems with online procurement (e-procurement). Given the different policies and laws which have to be complied with, the practice of government e-procurement system varies from one country to another. Thus, experiences in running e-procurement will vary as well. The achievements and obstacles of one country's experience will be a constructive reference for other countries in establishing e-procurement system. In this regard, government e-procurement system practices in two Southeast Asia countries i.e., Thailand and Indonesia particularly in public works are consecutively presented and finally compared in this paper. The government of Thailand has applied Online Auctions (e-Auctions) as the national procurement practice since 2005 and performed the e-Auctions in two types: Reverse Auction and Sealed Bid Auction. Contrary to the common practice of e-procurement, the Thai government, with some rationales, runs the bid documents obtaining manually as well as qualification and technical documents submission and holding the e-Auctions at bidding office. Whereas Indonesian government runs Online Sealed Bid Bidding (e-Procurement) and most of the bidding stages are performed electronically except bid evaluation for both technical and financial. The advantages and drawbacks of these two e-procurement practices are discussed as well as improvements that have to be made for successful of e-procurement.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제15권11호
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• pp.23-35
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• 2017

나라장터 또는 KONEPS (Korean ON-line E-Procurement System)라 불리는 국가종합전자조달시스템은 2002년 개시이래, 대한민국 공공조달의 핵심적인 시스템으로 자리잡아왔다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 국가종합조달시스템의 개시 이후 관련법령의 개정내용과 사용 중 발생되는 사용자 입장에서의 불편과 비효율적인 부분에 대한 실무적 개선방향에 초점을 맞추고 있다. 주요 국가별 정부조달에 대한 사례와 우리나라 국가종합전자조달시스템의 세부 프로세스 및 기능 등을 분석하고, 국가종합전자조달시스템의 개시이후 개정된 조달법령을 확인하였다. 국가종합전자조달시스템 사용자가 조달물품 구매를 위해 종합쇼핑몰에서 온라인 구매를 할 경우, 동일 제품을 일반 온라인 쇼핑몰 구매 시와 비교해 옵션 선택의 불편함과 구매 이후의 사용자 피드백에 대한 부분, 구매절차 일원화에 대해 초점을 두어 분석하였다. 본 연구는 국가종합전자조달시스템에서 구매 및 사용에 이르는 과정에서 발생하는 불편한 점과 비효율적인 부분에 대한 실무적인 개선방안을 제시하고 있다. 향후 본 연구에서 사용된 사례에 대한 연구모형과 조달법령기반 기능에 관한 설문을 토대로 실증 연구 및 공사계약에 관한 연구가 필요하다.

• 교육시설 논문지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.11-18
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• 2019

There is a growing demand for public kindergartens due to the problem of private kindergartens. However, when the kindergarten is built in the residential land development area, the cost of purchasing the land increases, and the overall project cost is increasing. This situation puts a lot of burden on educational finances. Therefore, to reduce the cost of establishing a kindergarten, it is required to revise related laws including act on the special cases concerning the procurement, etc. of school sites. The purpose of this study is to propose the revised laws to expand public kindergartens. In this study, the present situation of infants and kindergartens was analyzed through policy data and statistics. And the analysis of the investment evaluation data also analyzed the problems in establishing kindergarten. In addition, we conducted surveys and FGI analyzes on school sites and kindergarten related laws and regulations. Finally, this study aims to find a way to amend related acts of urban and architectural Planning for Invigoration of Public kindergarten establishment by analysis data.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제25권
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• pp.243-266
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• 2005

Product liability is becoming a real issue to exporters, manufacturers world wide. The purpose of this study is to examine the product liability of Korean exporters, manufacturers, etc. under Product Liability Laws and Regulations of China. For this purpose, firstly we deal with the Product Liability Laws and Regulations of China. Secondly we analyze the case study concerning the Product Liability in China. From the analysis of case study, Korean exporters, manufacturers, etc. are required to pay close attention to the following : the correspondence of English with Chinese in the warning phrases, the possibility of application of strict global standard in case of existence of product liability, the proper treatment of evidence in the process of litigation, the application of strict liability and the shift of responsibility for evidence on to a defendant, the observance of procedures prescribed by the country in design and manufacture of the product, the manufacture of product to come up to country standard in quality, the consideration of diverse expression in the preparation of warning sign, the importance of quality control and inspection system in case of local procurement of parts and raw materials, Finally, this paper contributes to help the Korean Exporters, Manufacturers, etc. to build up the proper countermeasures regarding product liability under the product liability regulations of China.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.99-104
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• 2009

본 연구는 농촌시설물 P-C-M 지원 시스템의 기본 설계를 위한 목적으로 수행되었다. 농촌시설물 P-C-M 지원 시스템은 농촌시설물 정보를 사용자가 쉽게 얻을 수 있도록 도와준다. 조달(Procurement) 단계에서는 농촌시설물의 정보, 경제성 분석, 구매선정을 위한 업체정보의 프로세스를 거치면서 쉽게 정보를 얻을 수 있는 기본 설계를 하였으며, 시공(Construction) 단계에서는 농촌시설물 건설에 관련된 정보를 얻을 수 있는 기본 설계를 하였다. 유지관리(Maintenance) 단계에서는 농촌시설물의 유지관리를 위한 유지관리 가이드 및 점검 체크리스트를 제공하는 기본 설계를 하였다. 기타 메뉴로는 사용자 의견 공유 게시판을 통해 질의 및 응답을 할 수 있도록 시스템을 설계하였다. 본 연구에서 기본 설계된 P-C-M 지원 시스템은 농촌시설물의 사용자와 업체 간의 원활한 의사소통과 쉬운 정보 획득으로 사용자에게 많은 편의를 가져다 줄 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국비블리아학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.269-288
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• 2011

본 연구는 장서관리 영역에서 논의의 대상에서 제외되어 있던 공공도서관의 자료구입과정에서 나타나는 문제를 제도적인 측면에서 분석하여, 자료구입업무가 효율적으로 진행되기 위한 개선방안을 제안하는 것을 목표로 수행되었다. 이를 위해 관련 사항을 도서관 자료의 성격 규정과 관련한 제도, 자료를 구입할 때 정가 대비 가격책정과 관련한 제도, 자료구입을 위한 예산배정과 관련한 제도, 자료를 구입하는 과정과 관련한 제도 등 4개의 범주로 나누었다. 다음으로 각 단계에서 나타나는 문제점을 분석하여, 공공도서관에서 적용할 수 있는 항목에 대해서는 적용 가능성을 제시하고 구입과정에서 제약이 되는 항목에 대해서는 개선방안을 제시하였다.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 1th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.1106-1111
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• 2005

The present Korean laws related to anti-corruption are not effective in preventing corruptions[1]. In this context, the purpose of this study is to build the proactive anti-corruption operating system that has the function to prevent corruptions from occurring in the contract and procurement sector of Korean public construction projects. The proactive anticorruption operating system consists of four parts ; developing integrity performance manual(IPM), making integrity performance plan(IPP), practicing IPP, and integrity performance evaluation(IPE). By analyzing various kinds of audits and relevant laws and interviewing with government officials and staff in construction companies, the causes and stereotypes of corruptions and the concept, role, and guide of IPM, IPP, and IPE are provided in this paper.

• 한국BIM학회 논문집
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.26-35
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• 2023

Recently, mandatory BIM design has been enforced in the civil engineering field, focusing on public projects, and inducement measures to actively participate in BIM by participating subjects are required. The BIM ordering documents must reflect the characteristics of the BIM project, current construction standards and laws, and environmental conditions of domestic participants. In this study, we analyze the ordering documents used in domestic and overseas civil engineering BIM projects to determine whether they meet the purpose of BIM. In the future, items that consider the existing heterogeneous data linkage and compatibility, the connectivity with the current construction guidelines and laws, the cost of the designer and the input personnel are prepared for the part that does not meet the BIM purpose. Furthermore, the written order documents are verified through interviews with experts who have experience in BIM projects. Through the results of this study, I would like to propose a consultation system strategy to prepare and present items according to the purpose and type of project by client.

• Anatomy and Cell Biology
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• 제56권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2023

From the era of pre-historic times, the ancient Indians and the Greeks highlighted the importance of body and organ donations thereby emphasizing the need for anatomical sciences in medicine through the use of effective dissections for the same. However, after the Renaissance, there was a surge in dissections throughout the world, particularly in Europe, as a result of which various laws were enacted by governments concerning the procurement of bodies for the purpose of scientific dissections, which were later promulgated throughout the world through various anatomical acts. The situation in India was quite similar to that of Britain until its independence in 1947, after which different Indian states formulated their own anatomy acts that had their own merits and pitfalls. Hence, this literature review serves to highlight the various acts throughout history and would serve as a guide to emphasize the future perspectives of formulating a centralized unified anatomy act for the Indian nation that could possibly be the need of the hour.