• Tribology and Lubricants
• /
• v.37 no.6
• /
• pp.213-223
• /
• 2021

Electrochemical mechanical planarization (ECMP) was developed to overcome the shortcomings of conventional chemical mechanical planarization (CMP). Because ECMP technology utilizes electrochemical reactions, it can have a higher efficiency than CMP even under low pressure conditions. Therefore, there is an advantage in that it is possible to reduce dicing and erosions, which are physical defects in semiconductor CMP. This paper summarizes the papers on ECMP published from 2003 to 2021 and analyzes research trends in ECMP technology. First, the material removal mechanisms and the configuration of the ECMP machine are dealt with, and then ECMP research trends are reviewed. For ECMP research trends, electrolyte, processing variables and pads, tribology, modeling, and application studies are investigated. In the past, research on ECMP was focused on basic research for the development of electrolytes, but it has recently developed into research on tribology and process variables and on new processing systems and applications. However, there is still a need to increase the processing efficiency, and to this end, the development of a hybrid ECMP processing method using another energy source is required. In addition, ECMP systems that can respond to the developing metal 3D printing technology must be researched, and ECMP equipment technology using CNC and robot technology must be developed.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.9-16
• /
• 2024

AI or Artificial Intelligence has been a significant tool used in the organisational backgrounds for an effective improvement in the management methods. The processing of the information and the analysis of the data for the further achievement of heightened efficiency can be performed by AI through its data analytics measures. In the medical field, AI has been integrated for an improvement within the management of the medical services and to note a rise in the levels of customer satisfaction. With the benefits of reasoning and problem solving, AI has been able to initiate a range of benefits for both the consumers and the medical personnel. The main benefits which have been noted in the integration of AI would be integrated into the study. The issues which are noted with the integrated AI usage for the medical sector would also be identified in the study. Medical Image Processing has been seen to integrate 3D image datasets with the medical industry, in terms of Computed Tomography (CT) or Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). The usage of such medical devices have occurred in the diagnosis of the patients, the development of guidance towards medical intervention and an overall increase in the medical efficiency. The study would focus on such different tools, adhered with AI for increased medical improvement.

• IEIE Transactions on Smart Processing and Computing
• /
• v.5 no.2
• /
• pp.123-128
• /
• 2016

In this paper, an inversely tapered coupler with Bragg reflectors is reported for the first time. With appropriately positioned reflecting structures, our fiber-to-chip coupler can more efficiently transmit the light from fiber to a waveguide in a photonic integrated circuit (PIC). A numerical simulation evaluated the coupler's efficiency with the reflector. Optimized parameters that maximize the efficiency of the coupler are also investigated. Simulation results show that the reflector with appropriate parameters enhances efficiency by up to 7 dB. Likewise, Bragg metal reflectors implemented by the conventional metallization process can also improve efficiency. It is also shown that the proposed reflector enhances the coupling efficiency in a double-tip taper coupler.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
• /
• v.7 no.3
• /
• pp.446-458
• /
• 2013

Recently, energy-efficient cellular transmission has received considerable research attention to improve the energy efficiency of wireless communication. In this paper, we consider a cellular network consisting of one base station (BS) and multiple user terminals and explore the network coding for enhancing the energy efficiency of cellular downlink transmission from BS to users. We propose the network coded cellular transmission scheme and conduct its energy consumption analysis with target outage probability and data rate requirements in Rayleigh fading environments. Then, the energy efficiency in Bits-per-Joule is further defined and analyzed to evaluate the number of bits delivered per Joule of energy cost. Numerical results show that the network coded cellular transmission significantly outperforms the traditional cellular transmission in terms of energy efficiency, implying that given a Joule of energy cost, the network coded cellular transmission scheme can deliver more bits than the traditional cellular transmission.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.317-327
• /
• 2020

R&D(Research and Development) efficiency analysis is a very important issue in academia and industry. Although many studies have been conducted to analyze R&D(Research and Development) efficiency since the past, studies that analyzed R&D(Research and Development) efficiency considering both patentability and patent quality efficiency according to the financial performance of a company do not seem to have been actively conducted. In this study, measuring the patent application and patent quality efficiency according to financial performance, patent quality efficiency according to patent application were applied to corporate groups related to artificial intelligence hardware technology defined as GPU(Graphics Processing Unit), FPGA(Field Programmable Gate Array), ASIC(Application Specific Integrated Circuit) and Neuromorphic. We analyze the efficiency empirically and use Data Envelopment Analysis as a measure of efficiency. This study examines which companies group has high R&D(Research and Development) efficiency about artificial intelligence hardware technology.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.31 no.8
• /
• pp.2395-2398
• /
• 2010

• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
• /
• v.3 no.3
• /
• pp.99-105
• /
• 2014

A graphic processing unit (GPU) can perform the same calculation on multiple data (SIMD: single instruction multiple data) using hundreds of to thousands of special purpose processors for graphic processing. Thus, high efficiency is expected when GPU is used for the generation and correlation of satellite navigation signals, which perform generation and processing by applying the same calculation procedure to tens of millions of discrete signal samples per second. In this study, the structure of a GPU-based GNSS simulator for the generation and processing of satellite navigation signals was designed, developed, and verified. To verify the developed satellite navigation signal generator, generated signals were applied to the OEM-V3 receiver of Novatel Inc., and the measured values were examined. To verify the satellite navigation signal processor, the performance was examined by collecting and processing actual GNSS intermediate frequency signals. The results of the verification indicated that satellite navigation signals could be generated and processed in real time using two GPUs.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
• /
• v.15 no.5
• /
• pp.1243-1257
• /
• 2019

As current algorithms unable to perform effective fusion processing of unknown complex radar signals lacking database, and the result is unstable, this paper presents a multi-level fusion processing algorithm for complex radar signals based on evidence theory as a solution to this problem. Specifically, the real-time database is initially established, accompanied by similarity model based on parameter type, and then similarity matrix is calculated. D-S evidence theory is subsequently applied to exercise fusion processing on the similarity of parameters concerning each signal and the trust value concerning target framework of each signal in order. The signals are ultimately combined and perfected. The results of simulation experiment reveal that the proposed algorithm can exert favorable effect on the fusion of unknown complex radar signals, with higher efficiency and less time, maintaining stable processing even of considerable samples.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
• /
• v.16 no.8
• /
• pp.119-128
• /
• 2011

This paper introduces design space exploration of many-core processors that meet high performance and low power required by the beamforming algorithm of image signals of mobile ultrasound. For the design space exploration of the many-core processor, we mapped different number of ultrasound image data to each processing element of many-core, and then determined an optimal many-core processor architecture in terms of execution time, energy efficiency and area efficiency. Experimental results indicate that PE=4096 and 1024 provide the highest energy efficiency and area efficiency, respectively. In addition, PE=4096 achieves 46x and 10x better than TI DSP C6416, which is widely used for ultrasound image devices, in terms of energy efficiency and area efficiency, respectively.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
• /
• 2003.06a
• /
• pp.418-421
• /
• 2003

Specimens of Ti-10Ta-10Nb have been hot upset forged after heating to either the $\alpha$+$\beta$ and $\beta$-phase field. The variety temperatures (At 650, 700, 750, 800, 85$0^{\circ}C$) and strain rates (At 0.001, 0.01. 0.1, 1, 10 $s^{-1}$ ) were used. On the basis of flow stress data obtained as a function of temperature and strain rate in compression, a processing map for hot working has been developed. At strain rates lower than about 0.1 $s^{-1}$ and almost temperatures, processing efficiency exhibited high, but at 0.001 $s^{-l}$, and temperature 80$0^{\circ}C$, low because the Shear band has occurred. On the basis of the processing map, the optimum processing routes available for hot working of this material are outlined.d.