• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.113-119
• /
• 2004

Exponentiation is widely used in practical applications related with cryptography, and as the discrete log is easily solved in case of a low exponent n, a large exponent n is needed for a more secure system. However. since the time complexity for exponentiation algorithm increases in proportion to the n figure, the development of an exponentiation algorithm that can quickly process the results is becoming a crucial problem. In this paper, we propose a parallel exponentiation algorithm which can reduce the number of rounds with a fixed number of processors, where the field elements are in GF($2^m$), and also analyzed the round bound of the proposed algorithm. The proposed method uses window method which divides the exponent in a particular bit length and make idle processors in window value computation phase to multiply some terms of windows where the values are already computed. By this way. the proposed method has improved round bound.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
• /
• 2021.05a
• /
• pp.94-96
• /
• 2021

Software-Defined Networking (SDN), which has emerged to overcome the limitations of existing network architectures, makes routing management simpler and more efficient through a central controller. SR (Segment Routing) is a flexible and scalable way of doing source routing, and defines the information path of the network through a list of segments arranged in the packet header. In an SDN environment, the performance of each router is almost the same, but packets tend to be concentrated on routes that are frequently used depending on routing algorithms. Routers in that path have a relatively high frequency of failure and are more likely to become bottlenecks. In this paper, we propose a routing algorithm that allows the router, which is a resource in the network, to evenly process packets in the SDN with SR, so that the administrator can utilize the resources in the network without idle routers, and at the same time facilitate the management of the router.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
• /
• v.45 no.1
• /
• pp.41-49
• /
• 2008

Many machineries and equipments are being changing to various and complicated by development of recent technology and arrival of convergence age in distant future. These various and complicate equipments need more precise outcomes and low-power consumption sensors to get close and exact results. In this paper, we proposed fault tolerance and feedback theorem for sensor network and MEMS circuit which has a benefit of energy efficiency through wireless sensor network. The system is provided with independent sensor communication if possible as unused action, using idle condition of system and is proposed the least number of circuits. These technologies compared system efficiency after examining product of each Moving Distance by developed sensor which gives effects to execution of system witch is reduced things like control of management side and requirement for hardware, time, and interaction problems. This system is designed for practical application; however, it can be applied to a normal life and production environment such as "Ubiquitous City", "Factory Automata ion Process", and "Real-time Operating System", etc.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.75-80
• /
• 2009

Bum-in test is one for eliminating semiconductor devices that are subject to early failures and other operational problems; it is usually carried out on the devices by imposing severe test conditions such as elevated voltages, temperatures, and time. In order for such a test to be performed, each burn-in board having devices to be tested, needs to be inserted into a corresponding slot. A set of such slots is called a zone. The slots comprising a zone can only have the burn-in boards with the devices of the same type. In order to test many different types of semiconductor devices, it is desirable to build a burn-in test system to have as many zones as possible. A zone controller controlling a zone, is a device that performs a burn-in test and collects test results. In case of existing systems, each zone controller takes care of a zone that consists of a fixed number of slots. Since a zone controller is, in most cases, embedded into a workstation that controls the overall testing process, adding new zone controllers is restricted by the spaces for them. As a way to solve or alleviate these problems, a dynamic zone system in which the number of slots in a zone can be dynamically allocated, is presented. This system maximizes the efficiency of system utilization, by altering the number of slots and hence minimizing the idle slots of a zone. In addition, all the test operations being performed must be aborted for maintenance in existing systems. In dynamic zone systems, however, a separate and independent maintenance is allowed for each slot, as long as the main power supply system has no problem.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
• /
• v.16 no.5
• /
• pp.137-142
• /
• 2016

A two-step open system(TOS) was proposed to relay between a healing platform and a repository of personal health documents. TOS was designed by taking into consideration the pubsub service based on large scale connections to monitor a provider's access/request process for health documents in real time. TOS, however, uses WebSocket as a communication protocol in case of pubsub. Given the operational environment of low quality wireless networks for mobile devices that are user terminals in a healing platform, there is a need to add a messaging protocol to support QoS as well as a transmission protocol. As a light messaging protocol optimized for mobile devices, MQTT defines reliable messaging QoS to consider a wireless network situation of low speed/low quality. This study designed an MQTT protocol-based message broker to support QoS in case of large scale connections and pubsub by taking into consideration mobile devices that are user terminals in a healing platform. After designing a model between TOS and MQTT message broker, the study implemented a prototype based on the proposed design and compared it with its counterparts from previous studies based on the performance indicators in a load-test with the MQTT client tool.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
• /
• v.26 no.2
• /
• pp.1-25
• /
• 2020

In this paper, we suggest an application system architecture which provides accurate, fast and efficient automatic gasometer reading function. The system captures gasometer image using mobile device camera, transmits the image to a cloud server on top of private LTE network, and analyzes the image to extract character information of device ID and gas usage amount by selective optical character recognition based on deep learning technology. In general, there are many types of character in an image and optical character recognition technology extracts all character information in an image. But some applications need to ignore non-of-interest types of character and only have to focus on some specific types of characters. For an example of the application, automatic gasometer reading system only need to extract device ID and gas usage amount character information from gasometer images to send bill to users. Non-of-interest character strings, such as device type, manufacturer, manufacturing date, specification and etc., are not valuable information to the application. Thus, the application have to analyze point of interest region and specific types of characters to extract valuable information only. We adopted CNN (Convolutional Neural Network) based object detection and CRNN (Convolutional Recurrent Neural Network) technology for selective optical character recognition which only analyze point of interest region for selective character information extraction. We build up 3 neural networks for the application system. The first is a convolutional neural network which detects point of interest region of gas usage amount and device ID information character strings, the second is another convolutional neural network which transforms spatial information of point of interest region to spatial sequential feature vectors, and the third is bi-directional long short term memory network which converts spatial sequential information to character strings using time-series analysis mapping from feature vectors to character strings. In this research, point of interest character strings are device ID and gas usage amount. Device ID consists of 12 arabic character strings and gas usage amount consists of 4 ~ 5 arabic character strings. All system components are implemented in Amazon Web Service Cloud with Intel Zeon E5-2686 v4 CPU and NVidia TESLA V100 GPU. The system architecture adopts master-lave processing structure for efficient and fast parallel processing coping with about 700,000 requests per day. Mobile device captures gasometer image and transmits to master process in AWS cloud. Master process runs on Intel Zeon CPU and pushes reading request from mobile device to an input queue with FIFO (First In First Out) structure. Slave process consists of 3 types of deep neural networks which conduct character recognition process and runs on NVidia GPU module. Slave process is always polling the input queue to get recognition request. If there are some requests from master process in the input queue, slave process converts the image in the input queue to device ID character string, gas usage amount character string and position information of the strings, returns the information to output queue, and switch to idle mode to poll the input queue. Master process gets final information form the output queue and delivers the information to the mobile device. We used total 27,120 gasometer images for training, validation and testing of 3 types of deep neural network. 22,985 images were used for training and validation, 4,135 images were used for testing. We randomly splitted 22,985 images with 8:2 ratio for training and validation respectively for each training epoch. 4,135 test image were categorized into 5 types (Normal, noise, reflex, scale and slant). Normal data is clean image data, noise means image with noise signal, relfex means image with light reflection in gasometer region, scale means images with small object size due to long-distance capturing and slant means images which is not horizontally flat. Final character string recognition accuracies for device ID and gas usage amount of normal data are 0.960 and 0.864 respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.36 no.3
• /
• pp.26-36
• /
• 2018

This study aims to examine the characteristics of landscape through the analysis of location and the landscape of Gugok while also conducting the empirical study through the literature review, field study, and digital analysis of the Okgung Gugok. Oksan Gugok is a set of songs set in Ogsan Creek(玉山川)or Jagyese Creek(紫溪川, 紫玉山), which flows in front of the Oksan Memorial Hall(李彦迪), which is dedicated to the Lee Eong-jeok (李彦迪). We first ascertained the location and configuration of Oksan Gogok. Second, we confirmed the accurate location of Oksan Gogok by utilizing the digital topographic map of Oksan Gogok which was submitted by Google Earth Pro and Geographic Information Center as well as the length of the longitude of the gravel measured by the Trimble Juno SB GPS. Through the study of the literature and the field investigation, The results of the study are as follows. First, Yi Eonjeok was not a direct composer of Oksan Gugok, nor did he produce "Oksan Gugokha(Music)". Lee Ia-sung(李野淳), the ninth Youngest Son of Tweo-Kye, Hwang Lee, visited the "Oksan Gugokha" in the spring of 1823(Sunjo 23), which was the 270th years after the reign of Yi Eonjeok. At this time, receiving the proposal of Ian Sung, Lee Jung-eom(李鼎儼), Lee Jung-gi(李鼎基), and Lee Jung-byeong(李鼎秉), the descendants of Ian Sung set up a song and created Oksan Gugok Music. And the Essay of Oksan Travel Companions writted by Lee Jung-gi turns out being a crucial data to describe the situation when setting up the Ok-San Gugok. Second, In the majority of cases, Gogok Forest is a forest managed by a Confucian Scholar, not run by ordinary people. The creation of "Oksan Bugok Music" can be regarded as an expression of pride that the descendants of Yi Eonjeok and Lee Hwang, and next generation of several Confucian scholars had inherited traditional Neo-Confucian. Third, Lee Jung-eom's "Oksan Donghaengki" contains a detailed description of the "Oksan Gugokha" process and the process of creating a song. Fourth, We examined the location of one to nine Oksan songs again. In particular, eight songs and nine songs were located at irregular intervals, and eight songs were identified as $36^{\circ}01^{\prime}08.60^{{\prime}{\prime}}N$, $129^{\circ}09^{\prime}31.20^{{\prime}{\prime}}E$. Referring to the ancient kingdom of Taojam, the nine-stringed Sainam was unbiased as a lower rock where the two valleys of the East West congregate. The location was estimated at $36^{\circ}01^{\prime}19.79^{{\prime}{\prime}}N$, $129^{\circ}09^{\prime}30.26^{{\prime}{\prime}}E$. Fifth, The landscape elements and landscapes presented in Lee Jung-eom's "Oksan Gugokha" were divided into form, semantic and climatic elements. As a result, Lee Jung-eom's Cho Young-gwan was able to see the ideal of mountain water and the feeling of being idle in nature as well as the sense of freedom. Sixth, After examining the appearance of the elements and the frequency of the appearance of the landscape, 'water' and 'mountain' were the absolute factors that emphasized the original curved environment at the mouth of Lee Jung-eom. Therefore, there was gugokga can gauge the fresh ideas(神仙思想)and retreat ever(隱居思想). This inherent harmony between the landscape as well as through the mulah any ideas that one with nature and meditation, Confucian tube.