• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.24 no.11
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• pp.87-98
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• 2019

In recent years, many organizations protect their information resources by investing in information security technology. However, information security threats from insiders have not been reduced. This study proposes a method for reducing information security threats within an organization by mitigating negative information security behaviors of employees. Specifically, the study finds a relationship between information security related role stress and negative behavior and suggests whether organizational justice mitigates role stress. That is, the purpose of the study is to suggest a mechanism between organizational justice, information security related role stress, and negative behavior. Negative behavior consist of avoidance behavior and deviant behavior, and security related role stress consist of role conflict and role ambiguity. Organizational justice consist of distributional justice, procedural justice, and informational justice. The research model is verified through structural equation modeling. After establishing a research model and hypothesis, we develop a survey questionnaire and collect data from 383 employees whose organizations have already implemented security policies. The findings appear that security related role stress increases negative behavior and that organizational justice mitigates role stress. The results of the analysis suggest the direction of organizational strategy for minimizing insider's security-related negative behaviors.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.115-141
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to examine the status of FTA origin verification for exported goods in Korea and analyze the cases of major origin verification to seek origin management strategies that enables exporters to actively satisfy origin verification requirements. The case analysis demonstrates that it is important to meet not only the substantive, but also formal and procedural requirements of origin verification. We identified origin management strategies including: develop internal origin management experts and origin management system, utilize external expertise and related support institutions, strengthen networking with supplier companies, consider origin management at the contract stage and continue origin management after export.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.118-131
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to classify the service recovery fairness of internet fashion shopping mall depending on the type of shopping mall into 3 levels, and analyze their influence on customers' satisfaction and intention to repurchase. Data were collected from 271 customers who had made a complaint or raised a question about service among the customers, and was analyzed through AMOS 7.0. For hypothesis testing, a research model was set up in the form of structure equation model, and its suitability was investigated. The results of this research can be summarized as follows: First, in relation to the service recovery fairness at internet shopping mall, only the consequential fairness has a meaningful relationship with customer satisfaction. Second, it has been shown that the higher the customers' satisfaction with internet shopping mall, the more positive influence it has on intention to repurchase. Third, it has been shown that the influence of service recovery fairness on customers' satisfaction and intention to repurchase has a meaningful difference depending on the type of internet shopping mall. In other words, it has been shown that customer satisfaction is higher at open market than general internet shopping mall. In addition, it has been shown that in open market, only the consequential fairness has a meaningful influence, therefore it will be more effective to strengthen a strategy focused on economical rewards than other fields.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.183-187
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• 2007

During the recent decades in democratic and industrialized countries, government policies for governing technological innovation and risks to environment and human health have undergone significant changes. The shift from a top-down legislative approach to a more inclusive and deliberative atmosphere is, putatively the most prominent change. Such a move is often described as a move from government to governance. In the governance of technology and risk, public engagement has been a major strategy in technology decision-making process. This article aims to look into the changes in the procedural modes of technology decision-making process. It discusses the main viewpoints that have been placed on the basis of such a move. Also, it further relates the changes in local decision-making process to science and technology decision-making at global level. It argues that the democratic and reflexive trends in local science and technology decision-making will be the basis upon which to shape and respond to global governance system: while international decision-making process would require accountability in integrating different values and rationalities, such accountability may be sustained and reinforced depending on the robustness of the local decisions and social choices.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.69-79
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• 2015

As the distribution rate of a smart phone which can actualize even augmented reality is getting higher, the application scope of a smart phone is sharply increasing. However, in spite of various functions of it, there is still lack of learning app. Mobile equipments can bring no spatial-temporal restriction of learning to a learner, but they can tempt a learner into inappropriate spaces. In this sense, learning app is necessarily needed to motivate and keep learner's inner desire. This thesis suggested considerations when learning mobile app is designed by analyzing motivation strategy of ARCS Theory and UI of web based contents. Also, a design method of mobile learning app was suggested based on a procedural model of mobile learning app adapting ARCS Theory.

• Journal of Korean Society of Archives and Records Management
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.1-30
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• 2016

A collection policy (or a collection development policy) is a document that archival institutions must have to allow them to build their collections legitimately and consistently. Digital archives often lack sustainable financial and systematic supports. Thus, it is especially important for digital archives to have a policy for consistent collection activities. Digital archives have a different set of characteristics from physical records, and these characteristics should be considered in a collection policy. This study was initiated to create such a policy for the No Gun Ri Digital Archive. It reviewed existing literature for collection policies in archives and digital archives. Moreover, it examined several cases of digital archives and their policies to identify the necessary elements as well as the legal and procedural coverages for digital content and services. Furthermore, it studied the unique characteristics of the No Gun Ri incident and the No Gun Ri Digital Archive. Based on such investigation, a collection policy for the No Gun Ri Digital Archive was suggested. It is believed that suggesting a practical collection policy will provide a useful precedent for future digital archive projects.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.377-386
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• 2019

Purpose: Percutaneous liver biopsy (PLB), a diagnostic procedure to identify several hepatobiliary disorders, is considered safe with low incidence of associated complications. While postoperative monitoring guidelines are suggested for adults, selection of procedural recovery time for children remains at the discretion of individual operators. We aim to determine if differences exist in frequency of surgical complications, unplanned admissions, and healthcare cost for children undergoing outpatient PLB for cohorts with same-day vs. overnight observation. Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study in children 1 month to 17 years of age undergoing ultrasound-guided PLB from January 2009 to August 2017 at a tertiary care, pediatric referral center. Cohorts were defined by postprocedural observation duration: same-day (${\leq}8$ hours) vs. overnight observation. Outcomes included surgical complications, medical interventions, unscheduled hospitalization within 7 days, and total encounter costs. Results: One hundred and twelve children met study criteria of which 18 (16.1%) were assigned to same-day observation. No differences were noted in demographics, anthropometrics, comorbidities, biopsy indications, or preoperative coagulation profiles. No major complications or acute hospitalizations after PLB were observed. Administration of analgesia and fluid boluses were isolated and given within 8 hours. Compared to overnight monitoring, same-day observation accrued less total costs (US $992 less per encounter). Conclusion: Same-day observation after PLB in children appears well-tolerated with only minor interventions and complications observed within 8 hours of procedure. We recommend a targeted risk assessment prior to selection of observation duration. Same-day observation appears an appropriate recovery strategy in otherwise low-risk children undergoing outpatient PLB.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.62 no.1
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• pp.35-45
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• 2019

Objective : To describe our experiences with a fully equipped high-end digital subtraction angiography (DSA) system within a hybrid operating room (OR). Methods : A single-plane DSA system with 3-dimensional rotational angiography, cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), and real-time navigation software was used in our hybrid OR. Between April 2014 and January 2018, 191 sessions of cerebrovascular procedures were performed in our hybrid OR. After the retrospective review of all cases, the procedures were categorized into three subcategorical procedures : combined endovascular and surgical procedure, complementary rescue procedure during intervention and surgery, and frameless stereotaxic operation. Results : Forty-nine of 191 procedures were performed using hybrid techniques. Four cases of blood blister aneurysms and a ruptured posterior inferior cerebellar artery aneurysm were treated using bypass surgery and endovascular trapping. Eight cases of ruptured aneurysm with intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) were treated by partial embolization and surgical clipping. Six cases of ruptured arteriovenous malformation with ICH were treated by Onyx embolization of nidus and subsequent surgical removal of nidus and ICH. Two (5.4%) of the 37 cases of pre-mature rupture during clipping were secured by endovascular coil embolization. In one (0.8%) complicated case of 103 intra-arterial thrombectomy procedures, emergency surgical embolectomy with bypass surgery was performed. In 27 cases of ICH, frameless stereotaxic hematoma aspiration was performed using $XperGuide^{(R)}$ system (Philips Medical Systems, Best, the Netherlands). All procedures were performed in single sessions without any procedural complications. Conclusion : Hybrid OR with a fully equipped DSA system could provide precise and safe treatment strategies for cerebrovascular diseases. Especially, we could suggest a strategy to cope flexibly in complex lesions or unexpected situations in hybrid OR. CBCT with real-time navigation software could augment the usefulness of hybrid OR.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.208-218
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• 2019

Background: The anatomy of middle cerebral artery (MCA) aneurysms has been noted to be unfavorable for endovascular treatment. The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility and efficacy of coiling for MCA aneurysms. Methods: From January 2004 to December 2015, 72 MCA aneurysms (38 unruptured and 34 ruptured) in 67 patients were treated with coils. Treatment-related complications, clinical outcomes, and immediate and follow-up angiographic outcomes were retrospectively analyzed. Results: Aneurysms were located at the MCA bifurcation (n=60), 1st segment (M1, n=8), and 2nd segment (M2, n=4). Sixty-nine aneurysms (95.8%) were treated by neck remodeling techniques using multi-catheter (n=44), balloon (n=14), stent (n=8), or combination of these (n=3). Only 3 aneurysms were treated by single-catheter technique. Angiographic results were 66 (91.7%) complete, 5 (6.9%) remnant neck, and 1 (1.4%) incomplete occlusion. Procedural complications included aneurysm rupture (n=1), asymptomatic coil migration to the distal vessel (n=1), and acute thromboembolism (n=10) consisting of 8 asymptomatic and 2 symptomatic events. Treatment-related permanent morbidity and mortality rates were 4.5% and 3.0%, respectively. There was no bleeding on clinical follow-up (mean, 29 months; range, 6-108 months). Follow-up angiographic results (mean, 26 months; range, 6-96 months) in patients included 1 major and 3 minor recanalizations. Conclusion: Coiling of MCA aneurysms could be a technically feasible and clinically effective treatment strategy with acceptable angiographic and clinical outcomes. However, the safety and efficacy of this technique as compared to surgical clipping remains to be ascertained.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.177-191
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• 2019

Global trade protectionism has increased further and U.S. priorities and protectionism have strengthened since Trump took office in 2017. Trump administration is actively implementing tariff measures based on U.S. domestic trade laws rather than the WTO rules and regulations. In particular, the American government has recently been imposing high tariffs due to national security and imposing economic sanctions on other countries' imports. According to the U.S. Trade Expansion Act Section 232, the American government imposed additional tariffs on steel and aluminum imports to WTO member countries such as China, India, and EU etc. on march 15, 2018. Thus, this study aims to investigate whether the U.S. Trade Expansion Act Section 232 is consistent with GATT/WTO rules by comparing the legal basis of US / China / WTO regulations related to Section 232 of the U.S. Trade Expansion Act, and gives some suggestions for responding to the Section 232 measure. As the Section 232 measure exceeded the scope of GATT's Security Exceptions regulation and is very likely to be understood as a safeguard measure. If so, the American government is deemed to be in breach of WTO's regulations, such as the most-favored-nation treatment obligations and the duty reduction obligations. In addition, American government is deemed to be failed to meet the conditions of initiation of safeguard measure and violated the procedural requirements such as notification and consultation. In order to respond to these U.S. protection trade measures, all affected countries should actively use the WTO multilateral system to prevent unfair measures. Also, it is necessary to revise the standard jurisdiction of the dispute settlement body and to explore the balance of the WTO Exception clause so that it can be applied strictly. Finally, it would be necessary for Chinese exporters to take a counter-strategy under such trade pressure.