• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제24권12호
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• pp.1736-1743
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• 2014

In this study, we evaluated the effect of Lactobacillus plantarum HY7714 on skin hydration in human dermal fibroblasts and in hairless mice. In Hs68 cells, L. plantarum HY7714 not only increased the serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT) mRNA level, but also decreased the ceramidase mRNA level. In order to confirm the hydrating effects of L. plantarum HY7714 in vivo, we orally administered vehicle or L. plantarum HY7714 at a dose of $1{\times}10^9CFU/day$ to hairless mice for 8 weeks. In hairless mice, L. plantarum HY7714 decreased UVB-induced epidermal thickness. In addition, we found that L. plantarum HY7714 administration suppressed the increase in transepidermal water loss and decrease in skin hydration, which reflects barrier function fluctuations following UV irradiation. In particular, L. plantarum HY7714 administration increased the ceramide level compared with that in the UVB group. In the experiment on SPT and ceramidase mRNA expressions, L. plantarum HY7714 administration improved the reduction in SPT mRNA levels and suppressed the increase in ceramidase mRNA levels caused by UVB in the hairless mice skins. Collectively, these results suggest that L. plantarum HY7714 can be a potential candidate for preserving skin hydration levels against UV irradiation.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.167-174
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• 2008

Lactic acid bacteria have been reported their beneficial roles on host including reduction of infectious diarrhea problems. In this study, preventive effect of Lactobacillus (L.) reuteri HY25101 and L. johnsonii HY25103 on porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) was investigated in suckling piglets. Two groups of one day old PEDV naïve piglets were orally administered L. reuteri HY25101 and L. johnsonii HY25103 for three days respectively before challenge with lethal dose of PEDV. In second experiment, passive immunized one day old piglets using colostrums containing PEDV specific IgA were used. The survival rates of the L. reuteri HY25101 administered group were significantly higher than that of L. johnsonii HY25103 administered group and viral shedding was rapidly diminished in L. reuteri HY25101 administered group. Interestingly piglets born from the sow immunized with attenuated PEDV vaccine were not completely protected from PEDV challenge, however coadministeration of L. reuteri HY25101 and colostrums containing PEDV specific IgA were more effectively prevent PEDV infection. These results suggested that dietary treatment using L. reuteri HY25101 could reduce diarrheal problem and mortality rate caused by PEDV in suckling pigs. In addition, L. reuteri HY25101 could be used as one of effective compensation treatment with attenuated live vaccine for PED.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.133-141
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• 2001

Adherence of probiotic bacteria to intestinal epithelium is found to be the most principal characteristics among the various physiological functionality. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of bifidobacterial growth properties and condition on the Caco-2 cell adherence and to construct a basic data on adherence-related research. Among 20 strains of bifidobacteris tested, when measured by cell surface hydrophobicity(CSH) and cell agglutination(CA), Bifidobacterium bifidum ATCC29521, Bif. adolescentis K8, and Bif. infantis K9 were selected. Using these strains, variations of Caso-2 cell adherence depending upon experimental condition were analyzed. The results obtained are as follows : Even though Bif. bifidum ATCC29521, Bif. adolescentis K8, and Bif. infantis K9 reached more 85% cell surface hydrophobicity there was no significant difference in cell agglutination, when reached 31.54$\pm$0.54mg/ml. By direct count method for adherence, viable cell count of M3, K1, K2, K8, K9 and K10 reached more 100 counts per 100 Caco-2 cells. When Bif. bifidum ATCC29521, Bif. adolescentistis K8, and Bif. infantis K9 were used to compare the adherence depending upon viable cell counts, reaction time, and growth phase, the more viable cell count, and the more adhered cell counts, the less adherence percentage. In addition, there was no difference in adherence percentage of bifidobacteria when bifidobacteria was incubated from 1 to 8 hrs after Caco-2 cells already formed monolayer. Considering of the effect of growth phase of bifidobacteria on adherence variation, all strains showed the highest adherence during the early stage of stationary phase. In conclusion, adherence of bifidobacteria was affected by strain specificity, viable cell count, and growth activity.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권8호
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• pp.1110-1115
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• 2005

To study the effect of feeding lactic acid producing bacteria on the performance of cattle calves, twenty four, day old male crossbred cattle calves (Bos indicus${\times}$Bos taurus), were distributed into two groups of 12 animals each. The animals were fed on calf starter containing wheat bran and green berseem ad libitum and milk as per requirement upto 8 weeks of age. The diet of calves of Group 2 was supplemented with 500 ml culture of Lactobacillus acidophilus-15. Total duration of the experiment was 31 weeks. There was no significant difference in intake and digestibility of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF) and crude protein (CP) between the groups. The rumen pH, protozoa numbers, concentration of volatile fatty acids (VFA), ammonia nitrogen ($NH_3-N$), trichloroacetic acid precipitable nitrogen (TCA-ppt N) and activity of microbial enzymes (carboxymethylcellulase, xylanase, amylase and protease) were not affected due to probiotic supplementation. Average live weight gain of the calves was improved (about 10%) and feed:gain ratio was reduced (about 5%) in the animals given Lactobacillus culture. The data indicated that crossbred calves could be reared on a diet devoid of cereal grain and addition of Lactobacillus culture in the diet resulted in an added advantage in growth performance of the animals.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.145-148
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• 2003

Many antibiotic monographs cite the induction of vaginal infections as a possible side effect. Invariably, this is believed to be due to Candide albicans, and empirical therapy is given. However, recent studies raise the question of the extent to which yeast do infect the host after antibiotic use. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study was undertaken on female patients to determine how many yeast infections occurred following 10 days antibiotic use. In addition, the study was designed to examine whether oval use of probiotic lactobacilli can reduce the risk of vaginal infection. Twenty four patients diagnosed with respiratory, oval or throat infections received one of several types of antibiotic for 10 days, and two capsules containing 10$^{9}$ dried Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1 and L. fermentum RC-14 from the day of commencement of antibiotic therapy for 21 days. The most commonly prescribed antibiotic was biaxin (clarithromycin). All but one patient had lactobacilli in the vagina upon entry to the study, and none developed yeast vaginitis or diarrhea during treatment or 20 days after completion of antibiotics. The mean Nugent score was higher in the placebo than the lactobacilli group (4.1 versus 2.4), and three cases of bacterial vaginosis arose (25 % incidence compared to 0% in the lactobacilli group) in the placebo group (2 receiving cefuroxime, 1 on biaxin). The study suggested that current antibiotic use is not necessarily associated with either diarrhea or yeast infection, as is often surmised. Nevertheless, daily use of probiotics was safe and could potentially reduce the risk of patients developing bacterial vaginosis after antibiotic use.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제30권9호
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• pp.1395-1403
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• 2020

There is an increasing interest in using inactivated probiotics to modulate the host immune system and protect against pathogens. As the immunomodulatory function of heat-killed Lactobacillus brevis KCTC 12777BP (LBB) and its mechanism is unclear, we investigated the effect of LBB on immune response based on the hypothesis that LBB might exert stimulatory effects on immunity. In the current study, we demonstrate that administration of LBB can exert immune-stimulatory effects and promote clearance of foreign matters through enhancing phagocytosis. Treatment with LBB induced the production of TNF-α, IL-6, and nitric oxide in macrophages. Importantly, LBB directly increased the phagocytic activity of macrophages against bacterial particles. LBB was able to promote the production of TNF-α in bone marrow-derived macrophages and splenocytes and also increase the proliferation rate of splenocytes, suggesting that the immune-stimulating activity of LBB can be observed in primary immune cells. Investigation into the molecular mechanism responsible revealed that LBB upregulates TAK1 activity and its downstream ERK, p38, and JNK signaling pathways. To further confirm the immunomodulatory capability of LBB in vivo, we orally administered LBB to mice and assessed the effect on primary splenocytes. Splenocytes isolated from LBB-treated mice exhibited higher TNF-α expression and proliferative capacity. These results show that heat-killed L. brevis, a wildly consumed probiotic, may provide protection against pathogens through enhancing host immunity.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.377-382
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 한국 전통식품인 김치에서 분리된 LAB를 이용하여 콜레스테롤 감소능을 가지고 있는 LAB를 분리하고 그 특성을 규명하였다. 23 종의 분리 LAB 중에서 L. plantarum FMB 31 균주가 99.4%의 높은 콜레스테롤 감소 활성을 나타내었고, 프로바이오틱스로서 활용하기 위한 중요한 특성인 내담즙성, 내산성 그리고 내염성 등이 대조구로 사용된 L. rhamnosus KCTC 5033 균주보다 우수하거나 동등하였다. 또한 L. plantarum FMB 31 균주는 인체 안전성과 관련된 용혈독성 및 생체아민 생성능 실험에서도 안전성에 문제가 없는 것으로 분석되었다. 향후, 이 분리균은 콜레스테롤 저하 기능을 가지는 다양한 건강 기능 식품 개발에 이용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• Neonatal Medicine
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.116-123
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• 2021

Purpose: The aim of this study was to estimate the effect of targeting risk factors for the control of central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) among high-risk infants in a tertiary neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Methods: Infants admitted to the NICU and diagnosed with CLABSI from January to December 2013 were eligible for inclusion to the study. The CLABSI group (n=47) was matched in a 1:2 ratio to the control group (n=94) based on gestational age, birth weight, and Score for Neonatal Acute Physiology-II. Risk factors for CLABSI were identified using the Cox proportional hazard model, and analysis of the effect of these risk factors targeting infection control was performed. Results: The risk factors associated with CLABSI were prolonged central line dwell days (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 1.028; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.011 to 1.045; P=0.001), use of a silicone catheter (adjusted HR, 5.895; 95% CI, 1.893 to 18.355; P=0.002), surgical treatment (adjusted HR, 3.793; 95% CI, 1.467 to 9.805; P=0.006), and less probiotic supplementation (adjusted HR, 0.254; 95% CI, 0.068 to 0.949; P=0.042). By targeting these risk factors with a quality improvement initiative, the mean CLABSI incidence rate per 1,000 catheter-days decreased from 6.6 to 3.1 (P=0.004). Conclusion: Targeting risk factors for infection control significantly reduced the rate of CLABSI among high-risk infants in the NICU.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.638-644
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• 2022

Probiotics modulate the gut microbiota, which in turn regulate immune responses to maintain balanced immune homeostasis in the host. However, it is unclear how probiotic bacteria regulate immune responses. In this study we investigated the immunomodulatory effects of heat-killed probiotics, including Lactiplantibacillus plantarum KC3 (LP3), Lactiplantibacillus plantarum CKDB008 (LP8), and Limosilactobacillus fermentum SRK414 (LF4), via phagocytosis, nitric oxide (NO), and pro-inflammatory cytokine production in macrophages. We thus found that heat-killed LP8 could promote the clearance of foreign pathogens by enhancing the phagocytosis of macrophages. Treatment with heat-killed LP8 induced the production of NO and pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β. In addition, heat-killed LP8 suppressed the production of NO and cytokines in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells, suggesting that heat-killed LP8 exerts immunomodulatory effects depending on the host condition. In sum, these results indicate that heat-killed LP8 possesses the potential for immune modulation while providing a molecular basis for the development of functional probiotics prepared from inactivated bacterial cells.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제53권4호
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• pp.390-405
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• 2020

본 연구는 probiotics와 prebiotics로 구성된 synbiotics 섭취가 건강한 성인의 배변 활동 및 변내 균총의 개선 효과를 확인하고자 하였고, probiotics 섭취 중단 후에도 prebiotics인 XOS 섭취가 장내 유익균총의 유지에 미치는 영향을 파악함으로써 XOS의 건강기능성 확인을 위한 근거자료를 확보하고자 하였다. 본 연구결과 BL2XO6군과 BL2XO2군의 체위 자료는 두 군 간에 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. 변내 pH는 시료 섭취 전 두 군 모두 7.0이하로 약 산성이었으나, 시료 섭취 1주차 BL2XO6군에서 pH 7.16으로 유의적으로 높았으나 2주차 이후는 pH 7.0 이하의 값을 보여 시료 섭취에 따른 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 변내 균총의 변화를 보면 BL2XO6군의 경우 Clostridium spp. 은 시료 섭취 후 변 내 균 수가 감소하는 양상을 보인 반면, Bifidobacterium spp.은 시료 섭취 후 서서히 증가하는 양상을 보여 4주차에 시료 섭취 전에 비해 유의적으로 높았으나, 이외 주차에서는 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. B. longum은 모든 주차에서 통계적으로 유의하지 않았으나 서서히 증가하는 추이를 보였다. BL2XO2군의 경우 시료 섭취 후 Lactobacillus spp.과 B. longum은 synbiotics 섭취 1주에만 증가하는 추이를 보였다. 각 주차별로 변 내 균총의 변화율에서 군별로 유의적인 차이를 보인 균총은 Clostridium spp.와 Lactobacillus spp.이었다. 즉, Clostridium spp.은 2주차에서, Lactobacillus spp.는 4주차에서 BL2XO6군과 BL2XO2군 사이에서 유의적인 차이를 보였다. 시료 섭취 전·후 Bacteroidetes와 Firmicutes의 비율은 두 군 모두 변화가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 시료 섭취 전·후의 변의 양, 변의 상태 및 배변 횟수, 복통 및 CSS점수에 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았을 뿐만 아니라 군에 따른 차이 역시 존재하지 않았다. 이상의 결과 synbiotics 섭취 후 prebiotics만을 섭취할지라도 장내 균총의 변화에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타나고 있을 뿐만이 아니라 정상적인 배변 활동을 유지하고 있어 synbiotics 섭취 후 prebiotics로 XOS 섭취는 자일로올리고당을 선택적으로 이용할 수 있는 B. longum을 장내에서 지속적으로 증식할 수 있도록 도와 장내 균총을 개선하는 효과와 정상적인 배변활동을 통한 장 건강에 도움을 줄 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.