• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.260-267
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• 2016

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) offer significant therapeutic promise for various regenerative therapies. However, MSC-based therapy for injury exhibits low efficacy due to the pathological environment in target tissues and the differences between in vitro and in vivo conditions. To address this issue, we developed adipose-derived MSC spheroids as a novel delivery method to preserve the stem cell microenvironment. MSC spheroids were generated by suspension culture for 3 days, and their sizes increased in a time-dependent manner. After re-attachment of MSC spheroids to the plastic dish, their adhesion capacity and morphology were not altered. MSC spheroids showed enhanced production of hypoxia-induced angiogenic cytokines such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), stromal cell derived factor (SDF), and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). In addition, spheroid culture promoted the preservation of extracellular matrix (ECM) components, such as laminin and fibronectin, in a culture time- and spheroid size-dependent manner. Furthermore, phosphorylation of AKT, a cell survival signal, was significantly higher and the expression of pro-apoptotic molecules, poly (ADP ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) and cleaved caspase-3, was markedly lower in the spheroids than in MSCs in monolayers. In the murine hindlimb ischemia model, transplanted MSC spheroids showed better proliferation than MSCs in monolayer. These findings suggest that MSC spheroids promote MSC bioactivities via secretion of angiogenic cytokines, preservation of ECM components, and regulation of apoptotic signals. Therefore, MSC spheroid-based cell therapy may serve as a simple and effective strategy for regenerative medicine.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.7 no.9
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• pp.2815-2826
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• 2000

This paper describes the design and implementation of a CHILL Run-time System(CRS) that provides a running environments of real-time distributed software like as ATM switching software on host computers. To do this, we have proposed an execution model of real-time distributed CHILL proRrams and developed a CHS executinR the software of the execution model on host computers. Because CRS provides transparent runninR environments of target operating system, programmers are able to develop target system software without target system. As it provides an environment for multiple users running programs concurrently, it guarantees the improvement of program productivity. Originally, CRS has developed as a simulator of SROS. But it can be easily modified for other operating systems.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.38
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• pp.29-51
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• 2015

With the progress in high speed internet networks, mobile devices and social networking, the eco-system of the media has shifted from that where the flow of content was one-way from the producer to the consumer. A so-called 'prosumer' culture has taken root where the consumer himself produces media content. Along with these trends, various video-sharing platforms such as youtube has a method of allocating advertisement profit to the content producer, offering a win-win platform for content pro-sumers. This allows the channels to attract several tens of millions of subscribers and raise an annual income of over 10 billion Won, marking a revolutionary change in the content industry. This paper seeks to analyze video distribution channels and short-form media content that are showing continuous growth to identify new markets where animated content can make progress in an era of online video media platforms, as well as provide a future direction for small teams of creators of animated films to survive and thrive in this environment.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.2851-2858
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• 2011

The schedule management in construction project have been performed independently by two method, WBS base management and CBS based management, However, the integrated management model is needed according to efficiency of construction project management and introduction of new EVMS system of KOREA government. For this purpose, interworking database system is designed through efficient modeling of WBS based management data and CBS based management data and relation establishment between entities in this paper. WBS based management DB consists of 4 entities and CBS based management DB consists of 3 entity and one of the 4 WBS DB entities is used to play interworking role between WBS and CBS, Also, attributes of all entities are well defined so that data consistency, integrity and newest are guaranteed. The designed interworking database model was realized using Nex-Pert Pro and the efficiency of data interworking was proved.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.13-25
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• 2017

Apartments are a major type of residence and their number has continuously increased. Apartments have multiple meanings in that for public they are not only for residence purpose but for investment, a major commodity for construction firms and a critical policy measure of public well-fare for the government. Therefore, it is critical to understand and analyze trends in apartments demand for pro-active actions. The objective of the study is to analyze and identify key trends in apartments demand based on big data drawn from articles of major daily newspapers. The study identifies 17 major trends from seven themes including development, trade, sale in lots, location requirements, policy, residential environment, and investment and profit. The research methods in the study can be usefully applied to further studies for various issues in relation to the construction industry.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.81-90
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• 2016

This study was to investigate the effect of salt stress on physiological characteristics such as plant growth, photosynthesis, solutes related to osmoregulation of Beta vulgaris. A significant increase of dry weight was observed in 50 mM and 100 mM NaCl. The contents of Chl a, b and carotenoid were lower in NaCl treatments than the control. On 14 day after NaCl treatment, photosynthetic rate (P_N), the transpiration rate (E) and stomatal conductance of CO₂ (g_s) were reduced by NaCl treatment. On 28 day after NaCl treatment, the significant reduction in g_s and E was shown in NaCl 200 mM. However, P_N and water use efficiency (WUE) in all NaCl treatments showed higher value than that of control. Total ion contents (TIC) and osmolality were higher than the control. On 14 day after treatment, the contents of proline (Pro) increased significantly in 200 mM and 300 mM NaCl concentration compared with control, whereas on 28 day in all treatments it was lower than that of the control. The contents of glycine betaine (GB) increased with the increase of NaCl concentration. The contents of Na⁺, Cl^-, GB, osmolality and TIC increased with the increase of NaCl concentrations. These results suggested that under severe NaCl stress conditions, NaCl treatment did not induce photochemical inhibition on fluorescence in the leaves of B. vulgaris, but the reduction of chlorophyll contents was related in a decrease in leaf production. Furthermore, increased GB as well as Na⁺ and Cl^- contents resulted in a increase of osmolality, which can help to overcome NaCl stress.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.307-318
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• 2015

The objectives of this study were to identify multi-level stressors from blood biomarkers to community-level bioindicators and diagnose the stream ecosystem health in polluted streams. Blood chemistry such as total protein ($T_{Pro}$), blood urea nitrogen ($B_{UN}$), total cholesterol ($T_{Cho}$) and $A_{lb}$umin ($A_{lb}$) were analyzed from sentinel fish tissues; the functions of kidney, gill and liver were significantly decreased in the impacted zone ($I_z$), compared to the control zone ($C_z$). Histopathological analysis showed that fish liver tissues were normal in the $C_z$. Fish liver tissues in the $I_z$, however, showed large cell necrosis and degeneration and also had moderate lobular inflammation and inflammatory cell infiltration of lymphocytic histocytes. Species biotic index (SBI) at species level and stream health assessment (SHA) at community level indicated that chemical impacts were evident in the $I_z$ (ecological health; poor - very poor), and this was matched with the blood tissue analysis and histopathological analysis. The impairments of the streams were supported by water chemistry analysis (nitrogen, phosphorus). Tolerance guild analysis and trophic guild analysis of fish were showed significant differences (P < 0.01) between $C_z$ and $I_z$. Overall, multiple parameter analysis from biomarker level (blood tissues) to bioindicator level (community health) showed significantly greater impacts in the $I_z$ than $C_z$. This approach may be effective as a monitoring tool in identifying the multilateral and forthcoming problems related to chemical pollution and habitat degradation of stream ecosystems.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.19-30
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• 2008

The purpose of the study is to provide basic data to be useful for living environment of National Rental Housing, through comparative analysis of residential conditions, community consciousness of residents, characteristics of 3 complexes, whose residents have lived more than 3 years, different in area and size. Deungchon 11 Complex in Seoul, Eui-wang Naeson Complex, and Incheon Samsan 4 Complex are chosen for the investigation and the survey and 242 copies of the questionnaire are analyzed for the final result. Analyzing the contents of the survey results are as follows those deriving conclusions and suggestions. 1) Housing and construction standards are required to reconsider for enhancing of community consciousness and housing satisfaction of residents of National Rental Housing. 2) Spending on residential move, and minimize the unnecessary expense of low-income housing need to do to promote stability. 3) Facilities and equipments for residents are needed considering barrier-free design which introduces universal design. 4) Welfare facilities such as culture space and after-school classroom for teenagers are needed. 5) By using the broadcast media actively pro-mote, various layers are encouraged moving into National Rental Housing, through the concept of housing opportunities for change. 6) In short-term, community space are need remodeling and various activity programs are developed to induce activation of community facilities. In long-term, users considering a community facility plan, actively promoting activities, methods and operating system support for the government in the continuing policy and management is needed, when the National Rental Housing are planned to build. Therefore, the organic aspects such as the development and operation of the community program as well as the physical aspects such as the community space and facilities for the active community of the National Rental Housing are constantly considered in the follow-up studies.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.29-40
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• 2018

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Ultraviolet radiation (UV) is a major cause of skin photoaging. Previous studies reported that ethanol extract (PET) of Prunus persica (L.) Batsch flowers (PPF, peach flowers) and its subfractions, particularly the ethylacetate (PEA) and n-butanol extracts (PBT), have potent antioxidant activity and attenuate the UV-induced matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression in human skin cells. In this study, we investigated the protective activity of PPF extract against UV-induced photoaging in a mouse model. MATERIALS/METHODS: Hairless mice were treated with PET or a mixture of PEA and PBT either topically or orally along with UV irradiation. Histological changes and biochemical alterations of mouse skin were examined. Major phenolic compounds in PPF extract were analyzed using an ACQUITY UPLC system. RESULTS: The overall effects of topical and oral treatments with PPF extract on the UV-induced skin responses exhibited similar patterns. In both experiments, the mixture of PEA and PBT significantly inhibited the UV-induced skin and epidermal thickening, while PET inhibited only the UV-induced epidermal thickening. Treatment of PET or the mixture of PEA and PBT significantly inhibited the UV-induced MMP-13 expression, but not type I collagen expression. Topical treatment of the mixture of PEA and PBT with UV irradiation significantly elevated catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione-peroxidase (GPx) activities in the skin compared to those in the UV irradiated control group, while oral treatment of the mixture of PEA and PBT or PET elevated only catalase and SOD activities, but not GPx. Thirteen phytochemical compounds including 4-O-caffeoylquinic acid, cimicifugic acid E and B, quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside and kaempferol glycoside derivatives were identified in the PPF extract. CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate that treatment with PET or the mixture of PEA and PBT, both topically or orally, attenuates UV-induced photoaging via the cooperative interactions of phenolic components having anti-oxidative and collagen-protective activities.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.40 no.8
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• pp.1655-1666
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• 2015

In this paper, user-position estimation method is proposed by using a single camera for both indoor and outdoor environments. Conventionally, the GPS of RF-based estimation methods have been widely studied in the literature for outdoor and indoor environments, respectively. Each method is useful only for indoor or outdoor environment. In this context, this study adopts a vision-based approach which can be commonly applicable to both environments. Since the distance or position cannot be extracted from a single still image, the reference images pro-stored in image database are used to identify the current position from the single still image captured by a single camera. The reference image is tagged with its captured position. To find the reference image which is the most similar to the current image, the SURF algorithm is used for feature extraction. The outliers in extracted features are discarded by using RANSAC algorithm. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated for two buildings and their outsides for both indoor and outdoor environments, respectively.