• Korean Journal of Comparative Education
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.1-22
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to understand the features of private tutoring and its social and economic implications in Eastern European countries. In recent decades, academic attention to private tutoring increased as the expansion of private tutoring has been noticed globally including Europe, Africa and South America. Firstly, this study will investigate the nature and the scale of private tutoring in Eastern European countries which experienced transition to a democratic and market economy. Secondly, it will analyze the growth of private tutoring in the context of education market. Finally, it will consider some issues relating to intervening private tutoring in order to promote the equal opportunity of education in public education provision.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.43-59
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• 2011

These days there are so many music school graduates. There are also many private music education institutions. Therefor the competition in music private education market very tight. In old days people working in education music market had made big money and many parents wanted their girls and boys to learn piano and other musical instruments. However recently birth ratio in Korea has been dramatically dropped and not many parents wants their kids to learn musical instruments because of economic depression and negative music market. Eventually the size of the music education market is decreased dramatically and the competition in music education market is very hot. Therefor without the upgraded management system it is hard to expect over performance in music education market aspects. The purpose of this study was to find out what are the main factors that affect on business performance of the music education institutions. The main areas that researched in this study were success factors, reason of the start-up, and factors of management success. The research was conducted on the owners of the music education institutions. The factors that affect on the outcome of the business performance were diverse. Therefore the management of music education institutions also need the systematical analysis on the location, environmental factors, people nearby areas, differentiated market strategy and other analysis the same as corporate and business management.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.53-72
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• 2002

The purpose of the research is to investigate the amount of private education expenditures for on-line education and the factors which affect on-line education expenditures and its decreasing effect of private education expenditures. The results of this study can provide basic materials to found policy to decrease private education market and private education expenditures. The sample of this study was 484 parents who had an experience using on-line education for their children being in mainly constituted by classes of pre-school over and less than high school student. The results was as follows. First, education expenditures for on-line education are 64,900won and the English and the Mathematics as main reasons using on-line education were that it is available for 24 hours and cheaper than off-line education. The parents got information for on-line education by internet, mass media and their next-door neighbors. Second, the significant variables which affect on-line education expenditures and its decreasing effect of education expenditures were the children's school level and financial related factors.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.19
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• pp.49-81
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• 2006

The private college education plays a crucial role both in training and supplying manpower needed for national economic growth and in increasing employability and personal labor earnings of individual workers. In oder for private college education to effectively respond to the rapid changes in industrial and occupational structures, it is necessary to secure appropriate level of investment funds and manage them efficiently. For this, it is required to discuss the structure, magnitude and management mechanism of the current private college education finance, changes in future demand for private college education and resultant changes in budget estimates, and new financial resources and allocation schemes. This study attempted to analyze current status and problems of private college education finance in Korea and, based on this analysis, to suggest future policy directions to improve private college education finance system. In order to make the private college education system in Korea competent and competitive enough to survive in international market, it is prerequisite to provide enough budget for the private college education and to manage the private college education finance in more efficient ways. First, for securing the adequacy and stability of investment budget for the private college education, it is recommended to 1) increase the government budget and put emphasis on the private college education; 2) diversify financial resources and induce financial contribution from private sector such as school juridical persons and enterprises. Second, for higher efficiency of financial management, it is recommended 1) make valid allocation standards and mechanism; 2) introduce competition system; 3) develop and utilize evaluation mechanism for the private college education finance to check adequacy, efficiency, accountability, and effectiveness; 4) apply consumer-oriented financial management scheme. In addition to the above policy measures, it is necessary to 1) make scientific forecasts of industrial and occupational structures periodically and apply these analyses to medium & long-term the private college education planning; and 2) redesign budget accounting system and develop the private college education performance indicators for the evaluation of accountability of the private college education institutions and administration institutes.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.26 no.4_2
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• pp.553-559
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• 2023

In the case of a government's digital platform, that is exploring public software for the first time through private investment, it's important to conduct a feasibility analysis and select appropriate methods before promoting digital projects. Looking ahead, it's crucial to provide direction for the private-invested public software market to enter the global software market.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.901-919
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to conceptualize some issues around university restructuring in Korea, and explore rational-practical solutions ensuring the survival of higher education institutes confronting many challenges like rapid decreasing rate of birth, global open market of higher education system, and the phenomena of concentration on capital city area etc.. In order to achieve study goals, higher education policies and provisions of past governments from DaeJung Kim's to current MeongBak Lee's were analyzed, and also characteristics and directions of university restructuring of each government were identified. Through this analysis, it was evident that the main concern of university restucturing discourse was primarily focused on how to make public universities have high level of competitiveness. On the other hand, private universities had been totally alienated from university restructuring discourse since 1990's, despite their historical and great contributions to national development of our country. Based on some criticisms of educational policies of national government and partial revision proposal of the higher education act initiated by a few assemblymen, this study suggested eight solutions for developmental restructuring of private universities; constructing comprehensive framework of university restructuring, keeping market-friendly restructuring principle to allow universities take an autonomous position, revising methods, criteria and indexes of university evaluation, reducing the number of enrolling students, not the number of universities and colleges, a new policy to develop local universities allying with universities located at capital city area, differentiating private universities into two types of semi- or quasi-national university and complete autonomous university, legislating financial supports to private universities, and lastly, equal treatment of public and private universities in pursuit of half price tuition.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.10
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• pp.1035-1046
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• 2020

This study aims to find empirical evidence of causal relationship between strategy type, market orientation, strategic management accounting (SMA) strategic costing technique, and financial sector performance of private universities in Indonesia. The research object in this study are private universities in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Yogyakarta is chosen because universities there are one of the barometers of higher education in Indonesia, and the city has quite a number of universities. The respondents in this study are the leader (manager) of private universities in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The data analysis is done using SEM-PLS with WarpPLS 3.0 software. The results of this study show that market orientation has significant influence on the development and implementation of SMA strategic costing technique, while strategy type does not have significant influence on the development and implementation of SMA strategic costing technique. This study also finds that the implementation of SMA strategic costing technique significantly influences the financial sector performance of private universities in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. This study provides theoretical implication regarding SMA development in universities that consider that contingency factors (market orientation) can encourage increased organizational performance. It indicates support for contingency theory that states there are no general principles that apply to all situations.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.60 no.2
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• pp.289-302
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• 2022

This study examined the effect of private educational expenditure on adolescent depression and somatic symptoms. The sample comprised 2,589 first-grade middle-school students who completed the 2018 Korea Children and Youth Panel Survey. Data were analyzed using ANOVA (the generalized linear model), multiple regression, and quantile regression analysis. The principal results were as follows. First, 15.15% of adolescents reported depression symptoms, and 15.57% reported somatic symptoms. Second, levels of depression were significantly different among classes with a different level of private educational expenditure. Third, depression level was significantly negatively associated with private educational expenditure, in that the higher the private educational expenditure, the lower the depression level. Fourth, the effect of private educational expenditure on adolescent depression was significant at the 70~90th quantile regression, suggesting that private educational expenditure was associated with a higher level of depression symptoms. The results indicate that private education was viewed as a consumption commodity rather than a complementary educational practice or investment in human capital. Private education as a commodity might induce the highly developed and costly private education market. In turn, there is an increased financial burden for education at one end of the social-economic continuum and depression caused by relative deprivation at the other end.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.425-444
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• 2014

Purpose: This study aims to overcome the problem of private education market environment which is polarized into commercialized large private education institutions and small and medium sized private education institutions in a poor business environment, and develop systematic performance measurement model applicable for small and medium sized private education institutions. Methods: To develop the BSC which measures financial and non-financial indicator in a balanced manner and introduce the BSC into private education institutions that contain conflicting goals "EDUCATION" and "PROFIT". In particular, Utilizing the methodology of AHP, the priority of strategies and execution assignments are derived. Results: BSC model was developed and introduced by cooperating with executives of the private education institution. Moreover, the study permits to achieve the strategy, enterprise-wide vision and mission by deriving strategy map and applying it to the private education institution. To measure the performance of BSC model instruction, KPI corresponding to the strategic objectives of each perspective was derived. Conclusion: BSC model generally introduces to large-sized companies and public institutions. In this study, BSC model is developed by focusing on small and medium sized private institution. Furthermore, this study is more than simple model development, it makes a connection with achievement of strategic objectives, enterprise-wide vision and mission through strategy map and strategy execution method. Through the developed BSC model and strategy execution method, utilization plan in practice and customized model for private education institutions coexisting profit and non-profit objectives were developed, and academic implications were presented.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.401-413
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• 1997

The objectives of this study were to measure the characteristics of environmentally conscious behavior in the private household focused on energy consumption, money expenditure and time usage, and to determine the socioeconomic variables, environmental consciousness and environmental education which are associated with the environmentally conscious behavior of private households. The data for this study were collected in a personal interview and the final sample consisted of 178 respondents and the statistics employed to analyze the data are discriminant analysis $\chi$2-test. As a result of the discriminant analysis, it was shown that environmentally conscious private households consumed less energy, had lower transportation costs, but spent more time in purchasing behavior in the market compared with those who did not exhibit environmentally conscious behavior. Environmentally conscious behavior of private households differed significantly according to the education of housewives, and also to the level of environmental consciousness and environmental education of the respondents.