• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.23-41
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to provide basic materials needed to enhance quality of organizational life by identifying the improvements of labor union management in the perspective of hospital organization management. Materials were collected from administrators, nurses and medical technicians in target hospitals from March 3 to March 3 to March 30, 2010 through survey questionnaires. The main results of this study were as follows: 1. The commitment level of the subjects according to their satisfaction was higher when the administrators both in Private hospitals and Public hospitals were not satisfied in their works. 2. The commitment level of the subjects according to the subjects' job dedication level was higher those who had higher emotional attachment to their job in all vocations in both Private hospitals and Public hospitals. 3. The commitment level of the subjects according to the subjects' labor union involvement was higher in those who had higher satisfaction in labor union and perceived their colleagues' attitudes more positively in all vocations in both Private Hospitals and Public Hospitals. 4. From the results of multiple regression analysis to identify major influencing factors of labor union commitment level, In Private hospital employees, those who had senior officer posts in labor union and higher normative commitment showed higher commitment union. Therefore hospital managers should have democratic and flexible attitudes toward labor union. Additionally, as colleagues attitudes is important determinant in union commitment, hospital managers should have countermeasures to enhance the work atmosphere of hospital employees.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.25-36
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• 2002

This study was carried out to investigate women's labor in the private and public spheres in traditional societies from the Three Kingdom Period to the Chosen Dynasty. This study is based on review of historical literature. It was found that women in the traditional societies from the Three Kingdom Period to the Chosen Dynasty worked not only in private places, such as in households as housewives, but also as slaves in public places such as government offices. Also, women as housewives worked not only to fulfill private needs, but also to pay taxes. In this sense, women in traditional societies participated in labor force in the public arena, not unlike women in industrialized societies who participate in labor market. This research provides a piece of counterevidence against the general belief that women in traditional societies only conducted private housework at home. Therefore this study suggests that we need to rethink gender roles in traditional societies.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.75-84
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• 2010

Recently, foreign labor standards accreditation system has been emerged as more firms outsource manufacturing works to global vendors focused manufacturing. This paper discuss and compare three major private labor accreditation systems and evaluate what kind of problems may emerge if they become the major global standards for labor practices. This paper concludes that private labor standards accreditation system needs more transparency in the process and should improve accountability by including other stakeholders in the process.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.62
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• pp.205-221
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of emotional labor on fatigue in regular private participation of sports workers, and to provide basic data to improve the welfare and working environment of private security guards, the core of private security industry. The survey response of 260 private security guards was used as the final analysis data, and the following conclusions were drawn through statistical tests of factor analysis, t-test, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis using the SPSS Windows 18.0 statistical program. First, the private security guards who regularly participate in sports showed lower sub-variability of fatigue, physical, exhaustion, and nervous system fatigue than private security guards who did not participate in sports. Second, it was found that fatigue was lower as the inner variables became higher, and that as the surface behavior became higher, the fatigue factor was lower. In conclusion, regular exercise participation can reduce emotional labor and improve fatigue of civil security personnel.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.41 no.11
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• pp.151-169
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• 2003

This study is to investigate the important factor for household private education expenditure. Especially, this study analyzed the influence of financial management characteristics. For this, the income level is classified by comparative poverty and analyzed the influence power The data for this study was "the Korean Labor Panel" conducted by Korea Labor Institute in 2000. The result showed the demographic factors by the income level and financial characteristics have big difference. Also, income level affects private education expenditure. For lower income level, demographic factors affect more than financial factors. This result explained the private education expenditure as luxurious goods. For middle income level, financial factors affect more than demographic factors. This explained the private education expenditure as choice goods. For upper income level, the private education expenditure was explained as investment goods.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.402-419
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• 2014

This study attempts to investigate the spatial characteristics of private tutoring markets for adults which have been expanded rapidly with labor market changes in Korea. In particular, For the purpose, we examine thoroughly various indies of labor markets and private tutoring markets for adults in Korea in first and then analyze the spatial characteristics. We classify private tutoring institutes for adults into two categories by job-statuses and education levels, and analyze the spatial distribution patterns of the attendants of the classes. In order to understand the spatial characteristic of their distributions, we distinguish whether there exist the spatial autocorrelation or not by applying Moran's I values for each categories in first. We also examine the spatial cluster patterns by Hot spots analysis utilizing $G^*$ statistics. Multiple linear regression models are developed for each category to explain the relationships between the spatial distributions of private tutoring institutes and geographical variables.

• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.169-188
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• 2008

Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri find in women's caring/domestic labor a potential for producing affects, relationships, and forms of communication and cooperation in the family and in the community. Caring/domestic labor in their view is biopolitical in that it directly produces social relationship and forms of life. In this way, they contributed in deconstructing the fixed idea that women's caring/domestic labors are confined to the private domain rather than public one. The literary representations of women's caring/ domestic labor, however, have tended to emphasize its repetitive and confining attributes to private domains and the accompanying physical and mental alienation. Doris Lessing's "To Room Nineteen" and James Joyce's "Eveline" are the examples. "To Room Nineteen," an indirect manifestation of Doris Lessing's position as a Communist, criticizes the sexual distinction of domestic labor under Capitalistic ethic and describes the possible extinction of women's subjects who internalize the capitalistic ideology of bourgeois middle class nuclear family. "Eveline," the fourth work of Joyce's Dubliners, is another example to show the negative result of internalization of Catholic orthodox in which women are obligated to care and sacrifice specially through domestic and caring labor.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.103-112
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• 2014

Objectives: The present system of occupational safety and health law gives priority to traditional command and control regulations. However, this may give rise to problems such as the delay of standard-setting and shortages of human resources. The aim of this study is to examine the usability of private standards in occupational safety and health systems. Materials: After the limits of occupational safety and health law were examined, an application plan for private norms (EN, as enforced in the EU) and occupational safety and health management systems (OSHMS) was investigated. Results: The utilization of private norms and OSHMS may address the limits of the current legal system. In particular, OSHMS is known internationally as a measure for achieving improvements in overall occupational safety and health performance. As a result, occupational safety and health law and private norms/OSHMS are complementary to one another. Conclusions: Even though the utilization of private standards may give rise to legal questions, such standards as complementary measures to traditional command and control regulations need to be utilized progressively in occupational safety and health systems.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.42 no.8
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• pp.65-76
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to offer essential information related to early childhood education and care policy. Using the Korea Labor and Income Panel Study(KLIPS) Vol.5., this study analyzed sociodemographic factors that decide the use and type of institute for early childhood education and care. The following results are obtained： First, it is not easy for young children under three years old to use education and care institutes because of their preference for home care. Second, the mother's job status affects the child's use of child care centers and private institutes for education except for the using of early child education centers. Third, the affecting main factors for the use of child care centers are quite similar to critical factors for use of the private institute for education. Thus, young children using the private institute for education could be interpreted as coming from a low-income class compared with the children using the early child education centers.

• Journal of the Korean Data Analysis Society
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.3139-3153
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to analyze the gap of private tutoring expenditure using data from 2001 to 2016 of Korean labor and income panel study (KLIPS). The final analysis target is about 1,300 to 1,800 households nationwide who participated in the Korean labor panel survey in each year. As a result of the analysis, the expenditure of private tutoring expenditure has been continuously increased since 2001, and it is analyzed that there is a large gap in expenditure of private tutoring even in the comparison of groups divided by the quintile. The spending gap on private tutoring expenditure in the first and fifth quintiles has increased steadily, reaching 11 times in recent years. By forecasting the polarization of private tutoring expenditure since 2016 using the Brown's smoothing method, it is highly likely that the polarization of private tutoring expenditure will be further expanded. The implications for preparing an alternative educational policy and suggestions of conducting a follow-up study for private tutoring expenditure gaps were also discussed.