• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.51-61
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• 2023

Purpose - Since COVID-19, the government's expansion of liquidity to stimulate the economy has resulted in an increase in private debt and an increase in asset prices of such as real estate and stocks. The recent sharp rise of the US Federal fund rate and tapering by the Fed have led to a fast rise in domestic interest rates, putting a heavy burden on the Korean economy, where the level of household debt is very high. Excessive household debt might have negative effects on the economy, such as shrinking consumption, economic recession, and deepening economic inequality. Therefore, now more than ever, it is necessary to identify the causes of the increase in household debt. Design/methodology/approach - Main methodology is regression analysis. Dependent variable is household loans from depository institutions. Independent variables are consumer price index, unemployment rate, household loan interest rate, housing sales price index, and composite stock price index. The sample periods are from 2017 to May 2022, comprising 72 months of data. The comparative analysis period before and after COVID-19 is from January 2017 to December 2019 for the pre-COVID-19 period, and from Jan 2020 to December 2022 for the post-COVID-19 period. Findings - Looking at the results of the regression analysis for the entire period, it was found that increases in the consumer price index, unemployment rate, and household loan interest rates decrease household loans, while increases in the housing sales price index increase household loans. Research implications or Originality - Household loans of depository institutions are mainly made up of high-credit and high-income borrowers with good repayment ability, so the risk of the financial system is low. As household loans are closely linked to the real estate market, the risk of household loan defaults may increase if real estate prices fall sharply.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.141-151
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• 2013

With the spread of Personal Computers(PC) in the 1980's, many people started to deal businesses with PC. From late 1990's, the Internet age with PC have started and many people have showed keen interest in cyber-space and now they are utilizing it. Since 2000's the use of cyber-space have skyrocketed and it caused significant changes to humans' life. There was a huge prosperity to us but the new kind of crime, cyber-crime, was raised. Unlike past physical type of crimes, those cyber-crimes take place in the cyber-space and they have special features of non-facing, anonymity, specialty, technologic, repetition, continuation. Those cyber-crimes are continually growing since 2003 and in 2010 it almost doubled compared to 2003. General cyber-crimes like phishing-scam pornography circulation was most of them and notably perpetrators of them are younger generation. Recently cyber-crimes are showing the trend of advancing more and more and cyber-bullying, fraud like phishing scam are on the rise. The police are responding by making 'Cyber Terror Response Center', but it does not work effectively with the problems of breakup of prevention and investigation unit, procedure of investigation and the system itself. So, I suggest practical use of private security to remedy our police's weakness and to prevent cyber-crimes. Preventing solutions of cyber-crime with private security are physical defense of large-scale servers and vital computers, building of Back-up system to prevent vital data loss, and building of cyber-crime preventing system combining software and hardware.

• The Journal of Small Business Innovation
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.1-16
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• 2016

Korean government had used public 'credit guarantee schemes' (CGS) as a counter-cyclical measure. However, it is still controversial about the effectiveness of policy financing on the SMEs. Criticism on policy financing involves the argument that supporting enterprises hampers competition and innovation of SMEs by increasing their dependence on the government and delays the exit of marginal firms. In this paper, we investigate how to effectively build up the rationale of running public CGSs. At the same time, we propose the ways to coexist of public credit guarantee and market-based private finance system for SMEs. First, CGS, as a counter-cyclical function, must coexist with the private financial system by compensating the market failure caused by pro-cyclical behavior of the private financial market. Second, CGS has the comparative advantages, compared to both the interest rate policy of the central bank and fiscal policy of the government. The credit guarantee is the symptomatic treatment that could revitalize the economy shortly by providing liquidity. Also, knowing that CGS is provided based on the leverage ratio defined by outstanding guarantee divided by capital fund, public 'credit guarantee' (CG) has an advantage that is free from the risk of government deficit. Third, the reason for existence of the CGS should be founded in supporting services for SMEs, available only in a public sector that is difficult to expect from private banks. In this regard, it is desirable to strengthen the publicness of credit guarantee over the support for start-ups, growing companies, the improvement of productivity, increase of exports, a long-term investment in facilities, the employment-creating businesses, and innovative enterprises.

• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.669-695
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• 2009

In the 21st century, there will be a robot revolution. Only several years ago, industrial robots were the mainstream in the robot market; however, diverse type of robots are currently entering into our daily lives for various purposes, and the robot that thinks and behaves very similarly to human will appear in the near future. However, there is a critical view about the robot period. This means that the robot revolution will change even the framework of our entire society and human life style, and it is necessary to have robot education. It is necessary to start robot education in the elementary school curriculum with a view to enhancing interest in basic science and scientific technology and cultivating creative talents who may adapt themselves to a robotic society. However, there is no systematic robot curriculum owing to insufficient perception of the need of robot education and the educational utilization of robots. Under these circumstances, robot education is largely dependent on education for students with special talents and aptitudes run by private organizations. This paper conducted the following research in order to develop a robot curriculum in education for the gifted elementary students of computer science. First, the paper identified problems by analyzing the robot curriculum from a micro perspective after selecting three organizations that are relatively well perceived out of private organizations that operate robot education for the gifted elementary students of computer science. Second, the paper developed a robot curriculum in education for the gifted elementary students of computer science based on the framework of a robot curriculum run by private sector. Third, the validity of the robot curriculum developed in this paper was verified by a professional group comprising mainly persons in charge of robot curriculum development at private sector and lecturers for robot education for the gifted elementary students of computer science.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.158-170
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• 2012

Citizens'income has been increased along with the trend of rapid changes in society, and the quality of their lives has been improved as well. As much as the degree of increase of quality of life, the number of spectators for performing art events, etc. who desire to fulfill their needs for enjoyment of varied cultural performances have been increasing, and also a large number of spectators enjoys a variety of festivals being held in each provincial area as well as international events: we still remember such frantic rooting shown by citizens during 2002 World Cup drawing attention and interest of entire nation. There are always risks of loss of human lives if accidents occur as there sult of close-packed crowd gathered at the same time. Therefore, it is required to prepare adequate security measures in order to prevent various accidents before hand. It is hoped that this research work would be of help for further efficient and systematic security management for the performing arts centers or public theaters encouraging the event organizer and the private security firm and the Korea Private Security Association to exert great effort and investments in further projects for development of security technology. Also, it is required to build a performance culture to consider audience's safety first from the beginning to the end of the event on the basis of efficient security management. Furthermore, spect at or sare required to recognize the fact that safety in the site for performing arts should be guaranteed for everyone's sake, and, to achieve this, they are obliged to be more cooperative with the event organizer and the private security firm, forming a trinity all together, in order not to have safety threatening situations in the site of performing arts events.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.8-17
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• 2017

Using 1855 observations from 5 years-371 firms panel data during 2010 to 2014 in Chinese stock exchanges, this study examines the impact of managers' ownership on R & D expenditures. The empirical study finds that when firms are state-owned, managers' ownership have negative relation with the level of R & D expenses as well as the likelihood of executing R & D investment, implying that managers are less likely to invest in high risky projects due to managerial ownership's entrenchment effects to pursue private benefits rather than alignment of interest effect as shareholders. The empirical study also finds that when firms are private-owned, managerial ownership are inverse U shaped related to the level of R & D expenses, implying that managers are less likely to invest in high risky projects due to increasing risk aversion resulting from concentration of private wealth at its high level while managers are more likely to invest in high risky projects due to increasing incentives as shareholders at its low level. The results support that the effects of managerial ownership on R & D expenses may be different according to the ownership type of Chinese listed firms.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.17-22
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• 2008

Dosan Seowon, one of the earliest and most prestigious private Confucian academies in Korea, is an example of a heritage property citizens wish to sustain for the benefit of future generations. It is recognized of its contribution to the Korean society and as an architectural and historical interest. This study conducts architectural and cultural research about Dosan Seowon by scrutinizing its evidential, historical, aesthetic and spatial values. By doing so, it is possible to recognize how appreciated qualities are vulnerable to harm through only understanding their heritage values without practical management solutions. That understanding should then provide the basis for developing and implementing management strategies (including maintenance, cyclical renewal and repair) that will best sustain the heritage values in a physical aspect. The conclusion suggests that communication about Dosan Seowon among those who are concerened is significant.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.180-187
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• 2020

Security threats are increasing with interest due to the mass spread of smart devices, and vulnerabilities in developed applications are being exposed while mobile malicious codes are spreading. The government and companies provide various applications for the public, and for reliability and security of applications, security checks are required during application development. In this paper, among the security threats that can occur in the mobile service environment, we set up the vulnerability analysis items to respond to security threats when developing Android-based applications. Based on the set analysis items, vulnerability analysis was performed by examining three applications of public institutions and private companies currently operating as mobile applications. As a result of application security checks used by three public institutions and companies, authority management and open module stability management were well managed. However, it was confirmed that many security vulnerabilities were found in input value verification, outside transmit data management, and data management. It is believed that it will contribute to improving the safety of mobile applications through the case of vulnerability analysis for Android application security.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.8-17
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• 2018

Economic crisis in 2008 has changed South Korean market including furniture related field. Owing to Subprime Mortgage Crisis, new economic order, in other words, New Normal was established. Low growth rate, low interest, high unemployment rate, high risks, regulation strengthening, and all that sort of negative things have became generalized. South Korean economy has developed drastically since the Korean War, however recent economic crisis and Internet and smart phone have leading roles in shaping new consumption market. In a way, furniture market has expanded despite economic recession. Total service for housing is suited to South Korean consumers and shortened Product Life Cycle induces consumers to buy more furniture. In addition, Internet and smart phone allow people to show off their private spaces to unspecified masses. As a result, consumer prefers inexpensive and expendable furniture. It is certain that furniture market makes quantitative growth, but qualitative sides are questionable. Even though the study is focused on the existent circumstances, It will help to find out the proper ways of future furniture market in South Korea.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.81-97
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• 2001

The main objective of this research is to identify the evaluation criteria of the local governments' projects for the fisheries industry development (LGPFID) and to develop the evaluation software prototype applicable to LGPFID. This research does not try to develop the whole evaluation processes and programs for LGPFID, but just to outline the approach to managing LGPFID. The evaluation processes and programs developed in this study is based on the group decision support systems(GDSS), which is a collaborative, system-oriented, and objective system useful in evaluating LGPFID. Specifically the goals of the programs are to : (1) enhance the quality of evaluation process for LGPFID; (2) provide the local government decision makers' and interest groups' access to comprehensive evaluation information; (3) support private-public collaboration in government's decision making. We used analytic hierarchy process model as a group decision making model and programmed the application software prototype with Visual Basic language.