• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.21-34
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• 2013

The purposes of this study were (1) to investigate the differences in the level of children's knowledge and reasoning skills due to the sloping phenomenon according to their ages and the types of tasks they were asked to perform, and (2) to investigate whether children's prior knowledge is changed to post knowledge through their reasoning. A total of 120 subjects, forty from each of the age groups 4, 6 and 8 were selected for the study. The major findings are presented below : 8-year old children showed higher levels of prior knowledge than 6-year old children. The prior knowledge level of the "size" task was higher than that of the "weight" task. 6-and 8-year old children showed higher levels of reasoning than 4-year old children. The reasoning level of the "size" task was higher than that of the "weight" task. 6-and 8-year old children showed higher levels of post knowledge than 4-year old children. However, there was no difference in children's post knowledge according to task difference. Through the different types of reasoning involved in the children's performances of the two tasks, changes in the prior knowledge of the sloping phenomenon were observed among all age groups.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.41-54
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• 1997

The purpose of this study is to analyze information search according to consumer's prior knowledge and degree of importance of products. Questionnare survey method was used in this research. The sample was taken from 548 university students in Seoul from 19th of June to 26th of June in 1997. Statistical methods used in this study were Frequency, Percentage, Regression and path Analysis. The major findings are summarized as follows; 1) The level of Consumer's prior knowledge showed somewhat middle. 2) Degree of importance of products showed in order of quality, A/S extension exchange price reliance of a manufacturing company a design etc. 3) Information search for the consumer's prior knowledge and importance showed high on the whole. The more prior knowledge consumer have the better they recognize for the importance of products. Therefore consumers are more likely to search information.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.772-780
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to identify the practical knowledge about osteoporosis and health promoting behavior possessed by male and female university students in their twenties. Next, the study seeks to analyze the difference in the degree of knowledge and practice of health promoting behavior depending on the students' area of study (health-related or non-health-related major) and previous education about osteoporosis. A survey was given to 300 male and female university students in Jeju Island from November 18 to December 6, 2013. Regarding knowledge about osteoporosis, the accuracy rate of health science major participants was 16.8 % higher than that of those of non-health science, and the accuracy rate of participants with previous education about osteoporosis was 12.9 % higher than those who had not. Health promoting behavior showed a higher degree of practice among students in health-related majors and those with previous applicable education. There were significant differences between the knowledge of osteoporosis and major and the presence and absence of prior education. Regarding the degree of health promoting behavior and major, the presence or absence of prior education showed significant differences. Among male and female students in their twenties, the recognition of knowledge about osteoporosis is very low. There is a need to develop various programs that focus on osteoporosis prevention rather than treatment, to improve the quality of education and training content according to the individual, and to lower the target age for osteoporosis education.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.140-151
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• 2011

This study is to search the problems of schoolyard teaching material developed by pre-service earth science teachers and the critical factors affecting material making. The 258 schoolyard teaching materials was collected from 54 pre-service earth science teachers (male: 18, female: 36) major in Earth Science Education in Jeonju, Korea. The schoolyard teaching materials was greatly influenced by making process type of it and the prior knowledge of pre-service earth science teachers. As schoolyard preference exploratory type rely on their prior knowledge to develop the schoolyard teaching materials, they made use of the limited concepts like fault in material making. But the concept preference exploratory type made use of concepts not accessible to majority of pre-service earth science teachers because they selected a concept from the earth science textbook first of all. The pre-service earth science teachers having wrong prior knowledge selected inappropriate resources, as well as fell into the error of concept connecting. The pre-service earth science teachers having right prior knowledge partly considered only shape of resources, but had a disregard for formation process of it in material making. Accordingly, we need to reflect richly Geological Field Trip and Solid Earth Science to curriculum for earth science teacher education. And we have to educate pre-service earth science teachers to create holistic concept on the geological subject matter knowledge, field based teaching and learning strategy, material making process.

• Proceedings of the Technology Innovation Conference
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.44-68
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• 2005

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the organizational design and management of product development in creating new product architecture by an established firm. For the purpose, the paper put up the organizational design in the process of PDA(Personal Digital Assistant) development of Sharp and Casio which were Japanese major PDA firms in 1990s. PDA is the product born through architectural change from Electronic Organizer. Prior research on the product architecture change and organizational adaptation emphasized that an established firm is difficult to adapt to new product architecture due to the restriction of prior technology or organizational inertia. For overcoming these problems and successful development of new product architecture, organizational design and management in the process of product development becomes essential. In case of Sharp, corporate development project team had been used to overcome the restrictions from architectural knowledge accumulated through previous product. After launching first new PDA by corporate development project team, Sharp created a new division and pushed an evolution of PDA, when new PDA market start to grow up rapidly toward a major market segmentation. As a result, Sharp was able to build up stable PDA project trajectory. However, Casio was late for three years in launching of new PDA architecture because previous division charging of Electronic Organizer tried to develop first new PDA. Casio's PDA development was prohibited by engineers of previous division because new PDA architecture was inferior on user interface and display definition. That is, Casio's first PDA development was restricted by architectural knowledge of previous product.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.1-30
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• 2006

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the organizational design and management of product development in creating new product architecture by an established firm. For the purpose, the paper put up the organizational design in the process of PDA(Personal Digital Assistant) development of Sharp and Casio which were Japanese major PDA firms in 1990s. PDA is the product born through architectural change from Electronic Organizer. Prior research on the product architecture change and organizational adaptation emphasized that an established firm is difficult to adapt to new product architecture due to the restriction of prior technology or organizational inertia. For overcoming these problems and successful development of new product architecture, organizational design and management in the process of product development becomes essential. In case of Sharp, corporate development project team had been used to overcome the restrictions from architectural knowledge accumulated through previous product. After launching first new PDA by corporate development project team, Sharp created a new division and pushed an evolution of PDA, when new PDA market start to grow up rapidly toward a major market segmentation. As a result, Sharp was able to build up stable PDA project trajectory. However, Casio was late for three years in launching of new PDA architecture because previous division charging of Electronic Organizer tried to develop first new PDA. Casio's PDA development was prohibited by engineers of previous division because new PDA architecture was inferior on user interface and display definition. That is, Casio's first PDA development was restricted by architectural knowledge of previous product.

• Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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• v.10
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• pp.91-110
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• 2002

The purpose of this research is as follows; First, the reference price ads are to investigate how the price cues and prior knowledge of service products have an effect on consumers' perception by the type of information. Second, this study suggests some marketing strategy guides to service marketing managers for price promotion strategy. To achieve these research goals, the hypothesis was established through reviewing the previous studies and the data collected from the experimental design. The experiment of this study was a 2$\times$2$\times$2 among the subject factorial design in which the factors were present in price cue presentation (presentation/non- presentation), the level of prior knowledge(high/low), and the type of information(positive/negative). The major findings of this research can be summarized as follows; First, there are some significant statistical differences in the consumers' perception value by level of price cues(hypothesis 1). Second, there are some significant statistical differences in the consumers' price-quality perception by level of price cues(hypothesis 2). Third, there are some significant statistical differences in the price-quality perception by the level of prior knowledge and the type of information(hypothesis 3).

• Knowledge Management Research
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.97-113
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• 2010

Given the large investment and prevalence of knowledge management (KM) in organizations, it has become important to analyze the effects of KM activities on organizational performances. A theoretical framework is proposed to investigate the impact of KM activities on innovation capabilities in the IT service industry. This study considers KM activities as the major determinant that enhances absorptive capacity. KM activities enhance employees'ability to obtain external knowledge, resulting in increasing intellectual capital. Thus, this study proposes that absorptive capacity plays a mediating role between KM activities and innovation capability. Additionally, this study investigates the key antecedents of KM activities that promote employees' knowledge sharing. Based on prior studies on KM, this study posits KM team activities and top manager support as KM activities. The proposed research model was tested by using survey data collected from 556 employees in the IT service industry. PLS (partial least squares) was employed for the analysis of the data. The findings of this study showed that KM activities and absorptive capabilities play a significant role in enhancing service innovation and process innovation in the IT service industry. The results also shed light on the mediating role of absorptive capacity between KM activities and innovation capability. Moreover, both KM team activities and top manager support serve as the salient antecedents of promoting employees' knowledge sharing.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.41-61
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to assess pregnant women's knowledge of, attitude to, and satisfaction with prenatal ultrasound and to determine the factors that influence their perception. A self-administered questionnaire survey was completed by two hundred eighty five pregnant women who visited the obstetric departments of three hospitals located in Seoul from October 17, 2000 to October 28, 2000. The major results are as follows. 1. Overall, the respondents did not fully understand the purpose of prenatal ultrasound. 92.2% of respondents stated that the main purpose of prenatal ultrasound was to check the fetus' age, growth and development but only 44.5% of respondents were aware of the fact that chromosomal abnormalities cannot be diagnosed only by prenatal ultrasound. The majority of respondents were aware of the diagnostic limitations of ultrasound. 2. While the majority of respondents were aware of the importance of pre-examination information, only 31.8% of respondents received such information from their health care providers. 3. Regarding the examination quality, 80.3% of respondents were satisfied with the competency of the examination. But more than 50% of respondents stated the cost and waiting time were not acceptable. 4. The knowledge of, attitude to, and satisfaction with prenatal ultrasound showed statistically significant differences according to the characteristics of each hospital. 5. From multiple regression analysis, the major components for knowledge of prenatal ultrasound were characteristics of hospitals, religion, income and gestational age. The major components for attitude toward prenatal ultrasound were characteristics of hospitals, religion and gestational age. The major components for satisfaction with prenatal ultrasound were characteristics of hospitals, income and drinking during the pregnancy. In conclusion, the respondents' perception of prenatal ultrasound is considerably low. More effective educational material or programs with prenatal ultrasound information should be provided to pregnant women prior to prenatal ultrasound examination. New strategies such as process reengineering are recommendable to increase the satisfaction with prenatal ultrasound.

• Journal of Korean Dental Hygiene Science
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.29-37
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• 2021

Background: The selection of an occupation is typically based on individuals' personalities and the characteristics of occupations, which significantly affect occupational consciousness. The present study aimed to enhance the occupational achievement level of and provide fundamental data for student counseling in order to develop competitive professional workers by understanding the occupational consciousness of freshmen and motivating them as dental hygienists with career development plans, as freshmen majoring in dental hygiene eventually play a significant role in the field of dentistry as dental hygienists. Methods: The surveys were distributed to 160 freshmen in the dental hygiene department and were subsequently collected. The data from 142 surveys were used for analysis, as 18 surveys were excluded due to insincere responses. The survey contents included questions related to major selection and satisfaction, including motives for selecting a dental hygiene major, prior knowledge on a dental hygiene major and a career as a dental hygienist, satisfaction level of the major, and reasons for dissatisfaction in cases if applicable, as well as questions related to occupational consciousness, including career prospects for dental hygienists, opinions on the occupation, and conditions of job selection. Results: High employment rate with good salary level ranked highest (43.7%) among motives to apply the dental hygiene major, followed by the desire to be a professional worker (21.1%) and recommendation by acquaintances. Of those who responded, 50.7% indicated a normal level of satisfaction with the major, and 69.9% responded that they had prior knowledge regarding the dental hygiene major and/or field of dental hygiene. These results may be due to youth unemployment and the occurrence of job preparation immediately after students enter university, which is a result of the difficulty in job seeking. In terms of career prospects, 48.6% of students responded with "growing a little bit," followed by "growing a lot" (28.9%), "no difference from now" (21.1%), and "other" (1.4%). Regarding opinions on the occupation, 65.5% responded that occupation was an tool with which to make and income or a living, 23.2% responded that occupation was for dreams and self-realization, and 11.3% responded that occupation was for success in life and maintaining social status. Regarding the conditions of job selection, the responses included that the workplace had good working conditions (39.4%), good interpersonal relationships (21.8%), and a higher salary (18.3%). This may reflect the change in work ethics among university students, according to the trend of the times. Conclusion: Based on the results of the present study, we found that educational guidance to enhance the level of satisfaction with the major, and career guidance to understand and apply the clear vision and long-term job security are necessary.