• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.81-96
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• 2006

This study aimed to investigate the sociocultural phenomena which affected to clothing change in 1650-1900 and to examine the features of men's necktie in the western art. For this study, information about historic neckwear is obtained from the visual evidence of painted or engraved portraits, contemporary written sources. The covered area of this study was Europe mainly England and France. For this process, research steps were as follows : 1. Investigating the sociocultural phenomena which affect to clothing change through 1650-1900 and analysis of men's clothing and appearance. 2. Finding the changing characteristics of neckties including it's different types, shapes, knots, colors and materials and analyzing similarities and differences of neckties by the times. 3. Examining necktie as one of important and representative icons of male gender identity. The results of the study was as follows: 1. In 1660-1900, men's fashion was simplified in color and detail due to the influence of practical Puritanism and matured civil culture. And British men's fashion spreaded throughout whole European countries and get popularity. 2. In 1650-1720, there were band, cravat and steinkirk. And expecially cravatier, a expert custodian of cravats, was appeared in that period. In 1720-1800, there were stock, solitaire and cravat. In 1800-1850, neckwear were popularized and got various sizes and types up to shape and size of chemise collars. Black stock, scarf cravat and shawl cravat were popular and terms of 'necktie' were used for an certain neckcloth shape. And abundant literature for necktie were published thanks to the development of printing technology in that period. In 1851-1900, the leady-made neckties were spreaded and there were changes in shape, length, knot of necktie up to V-zone formed with shirt's collars and vest types. Neckwear was gradually evolving through four distinct styles, bow tie, scarf or neckerchief, Ascot and four-in-hand. 3. After the mid-l7th Century, as civil culture matured and splendid and extravagant colorful men's wear disappeared, British men's fashion spreaded throughout whole European countries and got popularity. The necktie become an essential ornamental accessory of men's fashion and one of important and representative icons of male gender identity.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.64-69
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• 2012

Sn-Bi eutectic alloy has been widely used as one of the key solder materials for step soldering at low temperature. The Sn-58Bi solder paste containing chloride flux was adopted to compare with that using the chloride-free flux. The paste was applied on the electroless nickel-immersion gold (ENIG) surface finish by stencil printing, and the reflow process was then performed at $170^{\circ}C$ for 10 min. After reflow, the solder joints were aged at $125^{\circ}C$ for 100, 200, 300, 500 and 1000 h in an oven. The interfacial microstructures were obtained by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the composition of intermetallic compounds (IMCs) was analyzed using energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). Two different IMC layers, consisting of $Ni_3Sn_4$ and relatively very thin Sn-Bi-Ni-Au were formed at the solder/surface finish interface, and their thickness increased with increasing aging time. The wettability of solder joints was investigated by wetting balance test. The mechanical property of each aging solder joint was evaluated by the ball shear test in accordance with JEDEC standard (JESD22-B117A). The results show that the highest shear force was measured when the aging time was 100 h, and the fracture mode changed from ductile fracture to brittle fracture with increasing aging time. On the other hand, the chloride flux in the solder paste did not affect the shear force and fracture mode of the solder joints.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.312-324
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• 2008

In this study, we investigated the names and various types of "kwa-jung" along with their recipes and ingredients occurring in Korean cookbooks published before the 17th century. The kwa-jungs were classified into 7 groups including Yoomilkwa, Yookwa, Dasik, Junkwa, Kwapyun, Yutganjung and Dang. A total of 72 kinds of kwa-jung were found. 26 kinds of Yoomilkwa, 18 kinds of Yookwa, 7 kinds of Dasik, 10 kinds of Junkwa, 1 kind of Kwapyun, 3 kinds of Yutganjung and 8 kinds of Dang. Among the types of Yoomilkwa, Yackwa was recognized as the best food according to the references. Also the cooking methods for items had a tendency to become simpler as society became modernized. Original and rare Ingredients were often substituted with other items that could be found more easily where people lived As recorded, the Yookwa group included kangyung, sanja, and bingsakwa. And as society became modernized, people tended to buy Yookwa in the store rather than making it at home due to its complicated and often difficult cooking process. The Dasik items were a kneaded mixture of flour, or the flour of chestnuts, with honey. These were formed into various patterns like birds, animals, butterflies, tree leaves and flowers, or as ki-wha by using printing cooking utensils Honey was used as a sweetener and as a combining material. The Junkwa consisted of roots or fruits that could be easily obtained these cooked or raw foodstuffs were then mixed with sugar and simmered. The Kwapyun used sour fruit juices as a main ingredient. These were then combined with sugar and simmered and allowed to harden. Then they were cut into square shapes after cooling. Yutkangjung was a mixture of yut, chochung, honey or syrup and pine nuts. which was combined over low heat. After mixing and stirring it was cut into square shapes. Finally, the Yut was typically cooked with grains and powdered malt and stirred until thickened.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2013.02a
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• pp.100-102
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• 2013

Magnetron-sputtering법을 사용하여 기존에 연구하였던 CrAlN (Cr 7：Al 3)박막에 Si를 첨가하여 Si의 함량 변화에 따라 미세구조와 화학적 결합상태, 온도저항계수(TCR) 및 산화저항의 영향과 기계적특성 개선을 통한 multi-functional heater resistor layer로써의 가능성을 연구하였다. CrAlSiN 박막의 Si 함량에 변화에 따라 온도저항계수 변화를 확인하였으며 X-선 회절 분석(XRD) 패턴 분석결과 CrAlSiN 박막의 결정구조가 Bl-NaCl 구조를 가지고 있는 것을 확인하였으며 SEM과 AFM을 통한 표면 및 미세구조 분석결과 Si의 함량이 증가할수록 입자가 조밀해짐을 알 수 있었다. 최근 digital priting technology의 핵심 기술로 부각되고 있는 inkjet priting technology는 널리 태양전지뿐만 아니라 thin film process, lithography와 같은 반도체 공정 기술에 활용 할 수 있기 때문에 반도체 제조장비에도 사용되고 있으며, 현재 thermal inkjet 방식을 사용하고 있다. Inkjet printing technology는 전기 에너지를 잉크를 배출하기 위해 열에너지로 변환하는 thermal inkjet 방식을 사용하고 있는데, 이러한 thermal inkjet 방식은 기본적으로 전기저항이 필요하지만 electrical resistor layer는 잉크를 높은 온도에서 순간적으로 가열하기 때문에 부식이나 산화 등의 문제가 발생할 수 있어 이에 대한 보호층을 필요로 한다. 하지만, 고해상도, 고속 잉크젯 프린터, 대형 인쇄 등을 요구되고 있어 저 전력 중심의 잉크젯 프린터의 열효율을 방해하는 보호층 제거에 필요성이 제기되고 있다. 본 연구는 magnetron-sputtering을 사용하여 기존의 CrAlN 박막에 Si를 합성하여 anti-oxidation, corrosion resistance 그리고 low temperature coefficient of resistance 값을 갖는 multi-functional heater resistor layer로써 CrAlSiN 박막의 Si 함량에 따른 효과에 초점을 두었다. 본 실험은 CrAlN 박막에 Si 함량을 4~11 at%까지 첨가시켜 함량의 변화에 따른 특성변화를 확인하였다. 함량이 증가할수록 amorphous silicon nitride phase의 영향으로 박막의 roughness는 감소하였으며 XRD 분석결과 (111) peak의 Intensity가 감소함을 확인하였으며 SEM 관찰시 모든 박막이 columnar structure를 나타내었으며 Si함량이 증가할수록 입자가 치밀해짐을 보여주었다.Si함량이 증가할수록 CrAlN 박막에 비하여 면저항은 증가하였으며 TCR 측정결과 Si함량이 6.5 at%일 때 가장 안정한 TCR값을 나타내었다. Multi-functional heater resistor layer 역할을 하기 위해서, CrAlSiN 박막의 원소 분포, 표면 거칠기, 미세조직, 전기적 특성 등을 조사하였다. CrAlN 박막의 Si의 첨가는 크게 XRD 분석결과 주상 성장을 억제 할 수 있으며 SEM 분석을 통하여 Si 함량이 증가할수록 Si3N4 형성이 감소하며 입자크기가 작아짐을 확인하였다. 면저항의 경우 Si 함량이 증가함에 따라 높은 면저항을 나타내었으며 Si함량이 6.5 at%일 때 가장 낮은 TCR 값인 3120.53 ppm/K값을 보였다. 이 값은 상용되고 있는 heater resistor보다 높지만, CrAlSiN 박막이 더 우수한 기계적 특성을 가지고 있기 때문에 hybrid heater resistor로 적용할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.57 no.3
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• pp.312-320
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• 2019

One of the fastest growing segments of implant dentistry is the utilization of computed tomography (CT) scan data and treatment planning software in conjunction with guided surgery for implant reconstruction cases. Computer assisted planning systems and associated surgical templates have established a predictable, esthetic, functional technique for placing and restoring implants. Especially, a philosophy of restoratively driven implant placement has been generally adopted. Recently, a variety of commercial dental fields have released their scanning and fabricating protocols and methods for restorations. This process is still being investigated and developed for the most precise and predictable outcome. This case report describes a female patient who wanted dental implants in fully edentulous areas. Restoratively driven implant placements were performed with surgical guide and the patient was fully satisfied with the clinical results, and at 5-year post restorative follow-up assessment, both implant and prosthesis were proved clinical success.

• Conservation Science in Museum
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• v.25
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• pp.1-8
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• 2021

This study investigated White Porcelain Water Dropper with Openwork Lotus Scroll Design and Eight Trigram Design in Cobalt-blue Underglaze (hereinafter, the "water dropper") in the collection of the National Museum of Korea using computed tomography (CT). A replica was produced to examine both the structure and its original production method. The CT scanning identified no joint lines or pores in the clay, which suggests that the body (the lower part of the water dropper) was shaped in a single piece using a mold and was then matched with a mold-formed lid (the upper part of the water dropper). The inner container of the body portion was roughly trimmed with a bamboo knife so that its upper surface could be securely attached to the bottom of the lid and prevent any leakage in the joined surface. It appears that the inner container for storing water was made first in a cylindrical shape that met the unit of quantity used at the time and could be easily formed by molding. It was transformed into a trapezoid shape during the process of combining it with the lid. A cylindrical inner container was reproduced using silicon 3D printing to compare its capacity with that of the original inner container. The comparison revealed that the reproduced container had a capacity of 152.5㎖, whereas the original container holds approximately 168.6㎖, a figure similar to three hop (around 174㎖) in Joseon-period units of quantity. Since the capacity of the cylindrical inner container corresponds to a known measure from the late Joseon dynasty, it is likely that the water dropper was originally produced to contain a cylindrical inner container.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.68
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• pp.99-144
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• 2017

This paper focused on the narrative and theme of which is one of the different versions of when published in 1910's as a modern printing. Generally researchers regarded different version as a means of research for finding best version. But this paper aimed at the characteristics of different version . This version kept in mind for play(drama), so we could easily find the purpose of change for scenario. 'Yeon-jeong' in is 연정(演訂) in Korean words in Chinese characters. It is sure that this word means that the text considered play(drama). The narrative of also told us that this old novel aimed at the stage. Tendencies are classified four features, first, abundant situation description, second, frequent direct conversation, third, concrete description about direct conversation, fourth, showing poem and appeal for audience. The theme of has an interesting differences in comparison to the group of best version. When main character awakened, this novel showed the most important message. In the group of best version, he awakened to the cloud that he couldn't distinguish anything. But in this novel, cloud didn't appear, in other words, didn't change the scene. Instead, main character realize himself that he changed from Yang-so-yoo to Seong-jin. It is probable that change of process to conclusion aroused reader and audience's sympathy. To sum up, we could know that this novel kept in mind for play(drama).

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.28-34
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• 2021

SiO2/Ag core-shell nanoparticles were synthesized by combining modified Stöber process and reverse micelle method using acetoxime as a reducing agent in water/dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (DDBA)/cyclohexane reverse micells. The SiO2/Ag core-shells were studied for structure, morphology and size using UV-visible spectroscopy, XRD, SEM and TEM. The size of a SiO2/Ag core-shell could be controlled by changing the [water]/[DDBA] molar ratio (WR) values. The size and the polydispersity of SiO2/Ag core-shells increased with increase of the WR value. The resultant Ag nanoparticles exhibit a strong surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peak at 430 nm over the amorphous SiO2 nanoparticles. The SPR peak shifted to the red side with increase in nanoparticle size. Conductive pastes with 70 wt% SiO2/Ag core-shell were prepared, and the pastes were coated on the PET films using a screen-printing method. The printed paste film of the SiO2/Ag core-shell showed higher surface resistance than the commercial Ag paste in the range of 460~750 µΩ/sq.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.36-44
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• 2023

Core-shell TiO₂/Ag nanoparticles were synthesized by a modified sol-gel process and the reverse micelle method using acetoxime as a reducing agent in water/dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (DDBA)/cyclohexane. The structure, shape, and size of the TiO₂/Ag nanoparticles were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The size of TiO₂/Ag nanoparticles could be controlled by changing the [water]/[DDBA] molar ratio values. The size and the polydispersity of TiO₂/Ag nanoparticles increased when the [water]/[DDBA] molar ratio rose. The resultant Ag nanoparticles over the anatase crystal TiO₂ nanoparticles exhibited a strong surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peak at about 430 nm. The SPR peak shifted to the red side with the increase in nanoparticle size. Conductive pastes with 70 wt% TiO₂/Ag nanoparticles were prepared, and the pastes were coated on the PET films using a screen-printing method. The printed paste films of the TiO₂/Ag nanoparticles demonstrated greater surface resistance than conventional Ag paste in the range of 405~630 μΩ/sq.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.22 no.8
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• pp.15-24
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• 2022

The article clarifies the conditions for information, digital and educational accessibility for higher education seekers with disabilities in terms of distance learning caused by quarantine restrictions. It is established that such conditions are regulated by international and Ukrainian legal documents (The Standard Rules on the Equalization of Opportunities for Persons with Disabilities, Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, Sustainable Development Goals, Law of Ukraine "On Education", Law of Ukraine "On Higher Education", Strategy for the Development of Higher Education in Ukraine 2021-2031, Development Strategy areas of innovation for the period up to 2030, Development strategy of the sphere of innovation activity for the period up to 2030). As a part of information barrierlessness, Higher Education Institutions (HEI) should provide access to information in various formats and using technologies, in particular Braille script, large-type printing, audio description (audio descriptive commenting), sign language interpretation, subtitling, a format suitable for reading by screen access programs, formats of simple speech, easy-to-read formats, means of alternative communication. The experience of Pavlo Tychyna Uman State Pedagogical University is described. In particular, special attention is paid to the study of sign language: in view of this, the initiative group implemented the project "Learning to hear and overcome social isolation together" with the financial support of the British Council in Ukraine. Within the framework of digital accessibility, the official website of the Faculty of Social and Psychological Education has been adapted for the visually impaired in accordance with WCAG 2.0 World Standards. In 2021, Pavlo Tychyna Uman State Pedagogical University implemented the project "Cultural, Recreational and Tourist Cherkasy Region: Inclusive Social 3D Map" funded by the Ukrainian Cultural Foundation; a site with available content for online travel in the region to provide barrier-free access to the historical and cultural heritage of Cherkasy region was created. Educational accessibility is achieved by increasing the number of people with special educational needs, receiving education in inclusive groups; activities of the Center for Social and Educational Integration and Inclusive Rehabilitation Social Tourism "Bez barieriv" ("Without barriers"); implementation of a research topic for financing the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine: "Social and psychological rehabilitation of children and youth with special educational needs by means of inclusive tourism"; implementation of the project "Social inclusion of distance educational process"; development of information campaigns to popularize the ideas of accessibility, the need for its implementation, ongoing training programs and competitions, etc.