• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.12 no.9
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• pp.1547-1553
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• 2008

This paper presents a method that generates various facial expressions of vector graphic character by using the simplified principle component vector. First, we analyze principle components to the nine facial expression(astonished, delighted, etc.) redefined based on Russell's internal emotion state. From this, we find principle component vector having the biggest effect on the character's facial feature and expression and generate the facial expression by using that. Also we create natural intermediate characters and expressions by interpolating weighting values to character's feature and expression. We can save memory space considerably, and create intermediate expressions with a small computation. Hence the performance of character generation system can be considerably improved in web, mobile service and game that real time control is required.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.55 no.2 s.92
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• pp.45-57
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• 2005

The creative fashion design is the technique which ran be obtained through the structural analysis of the relationship between principle, element-combination and idea-expression. In the research, as the results of theoretical survey of design structure and idea-expression, the structural and subjective designs are classified and defined: a. the structural design is analyzed with the existing examples based on the combinational Idea-expression of the O.C.L method, and b. the subjective design is also analyzed connecting the real examples to Cordon method, Synetic method, Association method, and expansive idea-expression-method obtained by the Experiences of Geometrical Combinations. The research can be summarized as follows: 1. The creative fashion design which emphasizes the geometrical structure utilizes the modification method whirh combines the shapes and constructs extraordinary structural beauty coming from the complex structural principle, that is, emphasis and balance. 2. The creative fashion design which emphasizes specific subjects utilizes the modification method which mimics representative and plastic resemblances and constructs symbolic structural beauty coming from the simple structural principle, that is, material elements.

• Journal of Korean Classical Literature and Education
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• no.15
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• pp.113-138
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• 2008

Because of difference of syntactic construction, Lee dong- baek's divides into two parts. Though each parts show different principles of thinking, they aim same communicational purpose. The first half of that quotes set phrase of Chinese classical literature and folklore shows principles of expression that represent object by present cultural well-acquainted informations. It reflects process of thinking basing on cultural identity in pursuit of harmonious communication with listener. In the latter half of the work, the object is presented by mimesis and sensuous description. It implicates intention of making correspondence between linguistic sign and object, and shows principles of expression that present more directly by strengthening the motivated between sign and object. Based on discussion above, I hope we will find a clue to make contents of Korean expression education. We will convert these principles of pursuing cultural universality to make sympathy in communication and pleasure of that, or of representing object substantially to make correspondence into the contents of Korean expression education.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.703-716
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• 2010

The objective of the study is to analyze expressions of modern fashion in relation to design principle of a science theory, fractal geometry, in order to identify various and multi-layered expressions of fashion. As for methodology, the study interprets principle and characteristics of fractal geometry based on literature review in areas of linguistic, philosophy, sociology and science. The research identifies expressive characteristics of fractal through empirical studies, and applies them to fashion in order to analyze how fractal design principles are reflected in modern fashion in terms of form and significance. Fractal aesthetics pursue order, balance, diversity and openness among disorder and insecurity. They are closely related to the function of modern fashion that works as a multi-layered code, instead of being confined to conventional idea about fashion that "functions" as "wear."

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.563-574
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• 2016

In this study, we propose several simultaneous tests to detect the difference between means and variances for the two-sample problem when the underlying distribution is normal. For this, we apply the likelihood ratio principle and propose a likelihood ratio test. We then consider a union-intersection test after identifying the likelihood statistic, a product of two individual likelihood statistics, to test the individual sub-null hypotheses. By noting that the union-intersection test can be considered a simultaneous test with combination function, also we propose simultaneous tests with combination functions to combine individual tests for each sub-null hypothesis. We apply the permutation principle to obtain the null distributions. We then provide an example to illustrate our proposed procedure and compare the efficiency among the proposed tests through a simulation study. We discuss some interesting features related to the simultaneous test as concluding remarks. Finally we show the expression of the likelihood ratio statistic with a product of two individual likelihood ratio statistics.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.16
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• pp.175-181
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to analyze the characteristics of expression and formal principle of universalism in Architectural Composition. Theorical category is to find universal system with the connection between idea of society and tradition in compositional frame the results were as follows : First it is the pursuit of divine. Through Middle Age and Renaissance universalism of principles in Architectural Composition is appeared a numerical order and human proportion with applying of cosmology. Second it is the pursuit of schema. With the simplicity of formal image it represented to the geometrical form for its clearness. Third it is the pursuit of typology. As to play a role of decisive factor in formal construction type represented the model with abstraction of shape.

• Journal of The Korean Digital Architecture Interior Association
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.5-12
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• 2013

Conceptual and technical design designated as digital architecture has been discussed with disorderly meaning as a conception only. Thus, this study aims at verification of development possibility for the digital architecture by analyzing how works of Frank Gehry have effect on nonlinearity of the digital architecture. Nonlinear characteristics appeared on works of Frank Gehry analyzed on the basis of expression techniques and modeling principle are as follows: 1) Initial works show a trend to gradually change and develop from horizontal and vertical linear structure to nonlinear pattern. 2) From a nonlinear modeling principle, initial works appear the primary deformation elements only, while afterwards, they are gradually developing to a pattern to mix the primary and secondary deformation elements as introduction of digital architecture. 3) Through specific cases, Frank Gehry has conducted attempts with various method for nonlinear pattern expression. 4) From the initial works to the latest works, continuity becomes higher and changed to nonlinear pattern. This study is significant from a viewpoint that it has verified development possibility of digital architecture by analyzing nonlinear trend of digital architecture for Frank Gehry and it is required to conduct multilateral researches related to the digital architecture.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.21-30
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• 2015

The visual expression system of space realized in Baroque aesthetics is basically grounded on the philosophical view to the world of the time, that is to say the changes of the thinking system in the Renaissance and ontology based on it. Structural aesthetics in Baroque freed from Plato's system of harmony but grounded on Leibniz's process philosophy formed a crucial background to highlight the formal nature of the whole and build a structure based on the inclusive principle of formativity. Also, to solve problems to realize the order and consistency of forms from the whole, Baroque adopted the nonlinear and nonphysical formative system as the principle of building space in works of art. Combining the order system of nature in the Renaissance with manneristic dynamicity as well as formative principle taking shape geometrically, it did establish a variety of aesthetic concepts based on the results of infiniteness and exaggeration expressed from the two forces, the Renaissance and mannerism. This study has found that such Baroque aesthetics did overcome classical planeness and draw continuous mobility from the structures and forms based on that with the transborder concepts of structures, the components of space, as an ultimate system of formative expression. Moreover, this author has drawn and analyzed with the cases of the 17th-century art and architecture the transborder elements manifesting the nature of diverse formative visual elements produced in artistic expressions with that principle of aesthetics, that is the intangible concept of Baroque. Based on that, this researcher intends to come up with technical solutions to solve a lot of environmental and architectural problems we are severely facing nowadays in terms of environmental, physical, and emotional aspects with the theoretical clues and results acceptable to this contemporary era.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.164-173
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• 2013

This study aims to analyze the aesthetic thought and expression tendency appeared in contemporary architecture by looking at today's architectural art based on the concept of the uncanny that Sigmund Freud contended as an aesthetic principle, of the aesthetic concepts tossed around to define the contemporary times in the aesthetics field and discuss the architectural analysis possibility of the concept of the uncanny. The generation structure of the uncanny that generates experiences of fear and surprise is classified into dual structure, trauma, threatening structure, and repetition compulsion. This is the principle that evokes a sense of experiencing subject, incorporates sensibility, and vitalizes internal process. This is also the methodology to organize and structure the concept of the uncanny. When seen from the four factors drawn from the concept of the uncanny and aesthetic expressions, the uncanny expression characteristics of contemporary architecture includes isolation, subversion, trace, absence, oblique line, flotation, concealment, and disturbance. Isolation and subversion refers to producing the space of the pressure of tension and relaxation caused by repression and relief from repression and eliciting the maximum expansion of the sense of space through spatial change. Trace and absence indicates being able to elicit more intense emotions from the experiencing subject by applying the images of alienation and absence in the way to reproduce historical trauma. This happens by implementing the potential value of physical activity. Oblique line and flotation means visual impulse. This happens in the way to visualize uneasy points. This causes uncanny by threatening the survival. Finally, concealment and disturbance refers to creating unpredictable space. The concept of masquerade and maze space composition are applied in the way to activate spatial perception, including space exploration and unintended subject's forced selection. As stated above, the uncanny expression characteristics shown in contemporary architecture can be presented as indicators that are available to analyze the undecided and diversified contemporary architecture aesthetically. In this respect, this study has great significance.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.38
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• pp.31-49
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• 1998

This study is the primary basic study about the spatial feature of modeling of Fashion Design. Then, this researcher lays significance in establishing the basic system about the character of dress and its ornaments as modeling in spatial-formal, dimension, examining the feature of modeling closely through perception principle and offering the basic principle to plan and organize the modeling space for dress and its ornaments on the basis of it. To generalize the findings is as follows : First, the spatial system of modeling for dress and its ornaments is made with 3 elements such as space, human beings and dress and its ornaments. Second, the form of dress and its ornaments and the spatial organization start from the structural basis which is human body, and the sensible system of body is made through inter-action, but the aesthetic expression is complet-ed by the moment of body. Third, the characteristic principle of model-ing for dress and its ornaments which was suggested in Chapter IV is based on the visuo-per-ceptional modeling experience, and these thinking contents are inputted in cognition course as the invisible in formation in the new space plan and organization and activate the apperception course and aim at the action about aesthetic judgement.