• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.241-250
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• 2015

This study investigated the sensory attributes of Satsuma mandarins to provide basic data for the establishment of a quality grade establishment of mandarins. Samples of the mandarins in different sizes (small, medium, and large) were collected via organic green house cultivation, conventional cultivation without pesticides and conventional cultivation in Jeju Island. Eight trained panels performed the triplicate measurements. From the results of the quantitative descriptive analysis, mandarin samples were selected with five types of appearances (gloss intensity, color intensity, peel width, damage degree, and peel texture), three types of odors (sour, sweet, fresh), six types of tastes (sour, sweet, bitter, fresh, tasteless, and off flavor) four types of texture (hardness, granule toughness, juicy, and tough feel), and three types of after-tastes (sour, sweet, and bitter). The results of the analysis of the quality characteristics of the samples showed that their, pH, total acidity and solids contents differed depending on the size of the samples more than their cultivation methods. The correlation coefficients between the quality properties of the mandarins showed that their, sample size was positively correlated with their peel width and toughness. Moreover, the soluble solid of sample was positively correlated with its color intensity, sweet and fresh orange flavor. However, soluble solid content of the samples was negatively coreelated with their bitter flavor, tastelessness, and off flavor. In the principal component analysis of the sensory attributes data, PC1 represented the soluble solid, gross intensity, orange color, sour and sweet odor, unique mandarin flavor (sweet and, fresh orange), etc., and PC2 (26.77%) the size, pH, sample acidity, and peel texture.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.77-84
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• 2019

Objectives : The Illness Intrusiveness Rating Scale (IIRS) is a well-validated self-report instrument for assessing negative impact of chronic illness and/or adverse effects of its treatment on everyday life domains. Although extensive literature probed its psychometric properties in medical illness, little attention was paid for its validity for psychiatric population. This study aimed to test factorial structure of the Korean Version of the IIRS (IIRS-K) in a consecutive sample of psychiatric outpatients. Methods : Data set of 307 first-visit patients of psychiatric clinic at Guri Hanyang univ. Hospital were used. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, internal consistency were tested in IIRS-K. We also checked Spearman's correlation analysis between IIRS-K, Zung's self-report anxiety scale and Zung's self-report depression scale. Results : 76.9% of the patients were with anxiety disorder and depressive disorder. The principal component factor analysis of the IIRS-K extracted three-factor structure accounted for 63.2% of total variance that was contextually similar to the original English version. This three-factor solution showed the best fit when tested confirmatory factor analysis compared to the original IIRS, two-factor model of IIRS-K suggested from medical outpatients, and one-factor solution. The IIRS-K also showed good internal consistency (Cronbach's α=0.90) and good convergent validity with anxiety and depression scales. Conclusions : The IIRS-K showed the three-factor structure that was similar but not identical to original version. Overall, this study proved factorial validity of the IIRS-K and it can be used for Korean clinical population.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.63 no.2
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• pp.98-105
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• 2018

The sale of brown rice batches composed of rice produced in different years is prohibited in Korea. Thus, new methods for the identification of the year of production are critical for maintaining the distribution of high quality brown rice. Here, we describe the exploitation of an enzyme that can be used to discriminate between freshly harvested and one-year-old brown rice. The degree of enzyme activity was visualized through freshness test with Guaiacol, Oxydol, and p-phenylenediamine reagents. With electronic eye equipment, we selected 29 color codes for identifying new brown rice and old brown rice. The discrimination power of selected color codes showed a minimum of 0.263 to a maximum of 0.922 and an average value of 0.62. The accuracy with which new brown rice and old brown rice could be identified was 100% in principal component analysis (PCA) and discriminant function analysis (DFA). The DFA analysis had greater discriminatory power than did the PCA analysis. A verification test using new brown rice, old brown rice, or a mixture of the two was then performed to validate our method. The accuracy of identification of new and old brown rice was 100% in both cases, whereas mixed brown rice samples were correctly classified at a rate of 96.9%. Additionally, in order to test whether the discriminant constructed in winter can be applied to samples collected in summer, new and old brown rice stored for 8 months were collected and tested. Both new and old brown rice collected in summer were classified as old brown rice and showed 50% identification accuracy. We were able to attribute these observations to changes in enzyme content over time, and therefore we conclude, it will be necessary to develop discriminants that are specific to distinct storage periods in the near future.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.25-35
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• 2011

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the sensory characteristic quality of commercial milk brands selling in the market under the preservation at the temperature of $7^{\circ}C$ and $10^{\circ}C$ stored during the period of shelf-life. Quantitative descriptive analysis after developing of descriptive terms and cluster characterization by PCA analysis over a total of 128 LTLT, HTST, UHT and UHT-ESL milks, were conducted by 8 trained panelists. A total of fourteen attributes; three aroma attributes (grassy, milky, cultured milk aroma) and seven flavor/taste attributes (sweet, salty, sour, milk, cooked, cheesy, paper board) and one aftertaste attributes (rancid flavor) and one texture attributes (viscous), were developed as descriptive terms. Significant differences (P<0.01) in the sensory attributes; sweet, milky, cheesy etc. in UHT milk and sour, cheesy, paper board, rancid etc. in UHT-ESL milk were also found between the two different temperatures within the shelf life, but both type of pasteurized milk samples (LTLT and HTST) showed significant differences (P<0.01) in the attributes, such as cultured milk aroma, salty, sour, cheesy, rancid in LTLT milk and grassy, milky, salty in HTST milk and difference (P<0.05) in cultured milk aroma for HTST milk. Therefore, from the viewpoint of not only hygienic quality but also sensory characteristics, it is required for the better acceptance of milk consumers to amendment on the regulation in relation to the preservation standard of pasteurized milk as well as UHT milk to lower than $7^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.199-232
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• 2018

There are increasing needs for understanding and fathoming of business management environment through big data analysis at industrial and corporative level. The research using the company disclosure information, which is comprehensively covering the business performance and the future plan of the company, is getting attention. However, there is limited research on developing applicable analytical models leveraging such corporate disclosure data due to its unstructured nature. This study proposes a text-mining-based analytical model for industrial and firm level analyses using publicly available company disclousre data. Specifically, we apply LDA topic model and word2vec word embedding model on the U.S. SEC data from the publicly listed firms and analyze the trends of business topics at the industrial and corporate levels. Using LDA topic modeling based on SEC EDGAR 10-K document, whole industrial management topics are figured out. For comparison of different pattern of industries' topic trend, software and hardware industries are compared in recent 20 years. Also, the changes of management subject at firm level are observed with comparison of two companies in software industry. The changes of topic trends provides lens for identifying decreasing and growing management subjects at industrial and firm level. Mapping companies and products(or services) based on dimension reduction after using word2vec word embedding model and principal component analysis of 10-K document at firm level in software industry, companies and products(services) that have similar management subjects are identified and also their changes in decades. For suggesting methodology to develop analysis model based on public management data at industrial and corporate level, there may be contributions in terms of making ground of practical methodology to identifying changes of managements subjects. However, there are required further researches to provide microscopic analytical model with regard to relation of technology management strategy between management performance in case of related to various pattern of management topics as of frequent changes of management subject or their momentum. Also more studies are needed for developing competitive context analysis model with product(service)-portfolios between firms.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.47-66
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• 2023

This study reviews prior studies on the residential environment characteristics, residential satisfaction, residential ownership consciousness and housing movement of MZ generation and analyze the structural equation models using the 2020 Korea Housing Survey data. Using 14 residential characteristics based on three classifications, we explore the effects on residential satisfaction, residential ownership consciousness, and housing movement. The empirical results are summarized as follows. First, based on factor analysis with Varimax of principal component analysis, parking facility items were excluded from the analysis by hindering validity, and as a result, KMO was 0.925 and Bartlett's test result showed a significant probability of less than 0.01. This indicates that the factor analysis model was suitable. Second, the results of the structural equation analysis for the MZ generation show that the surrounding environment, which is a potential variable of the residential environment characteristics, was statistically significant, but the accessibility and convenience were not statistically significant. Third, we find that the higher the satisfaction with the accessibility of commercial facilities, the more significant the sense of housing ownership appears. This suggests that the younger generation such as the MZ generation has a stronger desire for consumption. Fourth, the overall housing satisfaction of the MZ generation was significant for housing movement, but not for housing ownership. Compared to the industrialized generation, the baby boom generation, and the X generation, MZ generation shows distinct factors for housing satisfaction, housing ownership, and housing movement. Therefore, the residential environment characteristics of the residential survey should be improved and supplemented following the trend of the times. In addition, the government and local governments should prioritize actively participating in the housing market that suits the environment and characteristics of the target generation. Finally, our study provides implications regarding the need for housing-related research on how differ in special temporal situations such as COVID-19 in the future.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.231-237
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• 1999

It is very distinctive that sigumjang meju was produced with smoking after molding. Every shapes of traditional sigumjang meju gathered from Kyeongsangbukdo were doughnut types. Fermentation time were $60{\sim}90$ days. Aerobic bacteria were $6.8{\times}10^7\;cfu/g$, and anaerobic bacteria, yeasts, molds count $3.2{\times}10^6\;cfu/g,\;1.0{\times}10^6\;cfu/g\;and\;4.0{\times}10^6\;cfu/g$, respectively. Analysis showed: moisture content, $10.5{\pm}2.6%$; fat content, $2.9{\pm}1.1%$; protein content, $8.3{\pm}0.7%$; ash content, $3.8{\pm}0.7%$; pH, $6.0{\pm}0.5$; L-value, $54.5{\pm}4.7$; a-value, $+3.3{\pm}0.7$; and b-value, $+10.7{\pm}2.0$. K content was the most in quantity among the minerals in sigumjang meju. Maltose was most abundant component among the tested sugars followed by mannitol. Total content of amino acid was $1524.9{\pm}1295.3\;mg%$. Proline was the most abundant component among the amino acids. The ratio of essential amino acid was $30.0{\pm}12.9%$. The principal fatty acids were 18:2, 18:1 and 16:0. Saturated fatty acid and mono unsaturated fatty acid were $23.2{\pm}1.9%\;and\;23.5{\pm}5.2%$, respectively. The PUFA/SFA was $2.3{\pm,}0.3$ which higher than 1.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.37 no.1 s.106
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• pp.78-86
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• 2004

In order to reveal the relationship between the concentration of chlorophyll- a and the environmental factors affecting eutrophication, the present study was biweekly conducted at G stations in the lower part of the Han river during the period from Feb. 24,2001 to Feb. 9,2002. Water temperature was changed from $0.5^{\circ}C$ to $26.4^{\circ}C$, pH was 5.77${\sim}$8.99, DO 3.15${\sim}$14,36 mg $L^{-1}$, BOD 0.90${\sim}$7.45 mg $L^{-1}$, and COD 1.16${\sim}$9.13 mg $L^{-1}$. TN and TP were ranged from 1.68${\sim}$20.96 mg $L^{-1}$, and 0.02 ${\sim}$ 1.17 mg $L^{-1}$, respectively. $NH_4\;^+$-N, $NO_3\;^-$-N, and $PO_4\;^{3-}$-P were ranged from 0.56${\sim}$3.60 mg $L^{-1}$, 0.03${\sim}$7.29 mg $L^{-1}$, and 0.002${\sim}$0.754 mg $L^{-1}$. Chlorophyll- a was extensively changed from 2.29 ${\mu}g\;L^{-1}$ to 136.28 ${\mu}g\;L^{-1}$ by month and stations. Results of nutrients indicated the eutrophic level in this area and water quality was the gradual worsening in the lower stations than those of upper stations during the period studied. The Pearson correlation analysis between the concentration of chlorophyll- a and the environmental factors indicated that BOD, COD, pH, $NH_4\;^+$-N, TP, TN, conductivity and $PO_4\;^{3-}$-P were positive correlation, but $NO_3\;^-$-N was negative. The environmental factors investigated using the principal component method could be triparted. The first factor group included conductivity, BOD, COD, TN, TP, $NH_4\;^+$-N, $PO_4\;^{3-}$-P and SS, the second WT and DO, and the third pH and $NO_3\;^-$-N. Using the stepwise regression analysis, chlorophyll- a was under the influence of conductivity, $PO_4\;^{3-}$-P, $>NO_3\;^-$-N and $NH_4\;^+$-N Chlorophyll-a = 0.3661 ${\times}$ (Conductivity) - 0.3592 ${\times}$ ($PO_4\;^{3-}$-P) - 0.3449 ${\times}$ ($NO_3\;^-$-N)+0.4362 ${\times}$ ($NH_4\;^+$-N.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.15-23
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• 1979

In the first paper of the series the five soil fertility factors were evaluated by means of principal component analysis and varimax method. They are interpreted as representing, 1) skeletal available phosporus status, 2) organnic matter status, 3) salt status 4) base status, and 5) free oxide status. In order to resynthesize such fragmented information for the overall soil fertility evaluation, the method of multiple regression analysis was adopted, using the five factor scores and yield data for Korean paddy soils as independent and dependent variables respectively. As test of linear models with different combinations of independent variables the results of t-test of regression coefficient were revealed that the organic matter status (FII) has no relevance to the yield of paddy and that the free oxides and salt supply has by it self only an insignificant contribution to the yield. The multiple correlation coefficient (R) revealed its multiple regression analysis was as low as 0.43. Introduction of quadratic terms to the linear model bettered the result. Thus multiple correlation coefficient (R) was increased as 0.59. Therefore, a coefficient of determination 0.35 was obtained by a quadratic model with interaction terms among the five fertility constituents. Generally we think that the fertility factor has more contribution to raise the rice yield in paddy and that the failure of yield prediction by fertility factor scores was caused by one of follows; 1) the roughness of the yield inspection, and 2) missextraction of fertility constituents. The second step in this study, assuming that the residuals by multiple regression analysis were due to factors other than soil fertility, we can now proceed to predicting the yield from the field characters with the classified fertility groups by means of Hayashi's theory of quantification No. 1. Such variables as fertility groups (FTYG), water availability (WATER), soil drainage (DRNG), climatic zone (CLIZ), surface soil's stickiness (STCKT), surface soil's dry consistence (DCNST), and surface soil's texture (FTEXT) are taken up as the explanatory variables. The quantification appears reasonable; the well to extremely well in soil drainage, very sticky of surface soil, inefficiency in water availability, coarse texture, and very hard to extremely hard dry consistence in soil are detrimental to the rice yield. The R was as high as 0.90 for the set of variables. But the given explanatory variables in this study were not quite effective in explaining rice yield. The method developed seems to be promising only if properly collected data are available. Conditions that should be satisfied in the yield inspection obtained from common cultivator for the purpose of deriving a prediction equation were put forward.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.375-381
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• 2021

This study investigated the physicochemical properties and chemosensory characteristics of radish samples. Brix results in Matdong-radish showed the highest value (1.5±0.1%), and Mansahyungtong-radish showed the lowest. In terms of salinity, Mansahyungtong-radish had the highest value (1.2±0.1%), and there were no significant differences among samples except Mansahyungtong-radish. In pH analysis, Cheongjunggowon-radish had the highest value at 6.69±0.02. The pH in Mansahyungtong-radish showed the lowest value at 6.10±0.01. In the electronic tongue, sourness was high in the Seoho-radish (8.2), and saltiness was high in the Matdong-radish (8.1). Umami was high in the Seoho-radish (8.3), and sweetness was high in the Matdong-radish (8.1). In the electronic nose, sulfur-containing compounds were high in all the samples. Methanethiol, which represented the odor description of cabbage, garlic, and sulfurous, was abundant in sulfur-containing compounds. Multivariate analysis using physicochemical and chemosensory properties can be used as a database for the food industry.