• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제8권9호
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• pp.3075-3093
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• 2014

In this paper, we consider an advanced wireless user, called primary-secondary user (PSU) who is capable of harvesting renewable energy and connecting to both the primary network and cognitive radio networks simultaneously. Recently, energy harvesting has received a great deal of attention from the research community and is a promising approach for maintaining long lifetime of users. On the other hand, the cognitive radio function allows the wireless user to access other primary networks in an opportunistic manner as secondary users in order to receive more throughput in the current time slot. Subsequently, in the paper we propose the channel access policy for a PSU with consideration of the energy harvesting, based on a Partially Observable Markov decision process (POMDP) in which the optimal action from the action set will be selected to maximize expected long-term throughput. The simulation results show that the proposed POMDP-based channel access scheme improves the throughput of PSU, but it requires more computations to make an action decision regarding channel access.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.442-449
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• 2012

Cognitive Radio(CR) is the technology that allocates the frequency by using dynamic spectrum access. We proposed a model to calculate the optimal level of the cognitive radiotelegraph, where secondary users opportunistically share the spectrum with primary users through the spectrum sensing. When secondary user with cognitive radio detects the arrival of a primary user in its current channel, the secondary user moves to the idle channel or be placed in the virtual queue. We assume that the primary users have finite buffers and the population of secondary users is finite. Using a two-dimensional Makov model with preemptive priority queueing, we could derive the blocking and waiting probability as well as the optimal level of cognitive radiotelegraph under a various range of parameter circumstances.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.9-15
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• 2010

인지전파 기술은 지역과 시간에 따라 일시적으로 사용하지 않는 주파수 대역을 자동으로 인지하고 찾아서 환경에 맞게 통신방식, 주파수 대역폭 등을 능동적으로 판단하여 통신함으로서 한정적인 주파수 자원을 효율적으로 사용하고자 하는 기술이다. 본 논문에서는 오검출과 오경보의 불완전한 센싱 환경하의 인지 전파망에서 주사용자나 부사용자의 세션 큐가 스펙트럼 사용효율에 어떤 영향을 미치는 지를 연속시간 마르코프 체인 분석을 통하여 정량적으로 규명하였다. 큐가 있을 경우 주 사용자는 최대 18% 까지, 부 사용자는 최대 50% 까지 스펙트럼 사용 효율을 높일 수 있었다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제38A권11호
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• pp.944-954
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• 2013

인지무선(cognitive radio)기술은 특정 주파수에 대해 권한을 가진 주 사용자가 자신의 주파수를 사용하지 않을 때 생기는 유휴 대역을 특정 주파수에 대해 권한이 없는 부 사용자가 사용할 수 있도록 하는 기술이다. 본 논문에서는 인지무선 네트워크에 옥션 게임 이론을 적용시켜, 주파수 가격과 옥션 주기를 동시에 고려한 주 사용자의 이득을 최대화 할 수 있도록 하는 알고리즘을 제안한다. 부 사용자들이 제시한 주파수양의 비율에 따라 주 사용자의 주파수를 분배하는 옥션이 반복적으로 진행되면서 주 사용자는 최적의 주파수 가격을 찾게 되며, 찾아진 주파수 가격 정보와 본 논문에서 새로 제시한 주 사용자의 효용함수를 이용해 최적의 옥션 주기를 찾게 된다. 동시에 주 사용자는 찾아진 최적의 옥션 주기에 맞는 주파수 가격을 최종적으로 결정하게 된다.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.175-186
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• 2009

A new medium access control (MAC) scheme embedding physical channels into multiband carrier sense multiple access/collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) networks is proposed to provide strict quality of service (QoS) guarantee to high priority users. In the proposed scheme, two priority classes of users, primary and secondary users, are supported. For primary users physical channels are provided to ensure strict QoS, whereas secondary users are provided with best-effort service using CSMA/CA modified for multiband operation. The performance of the proposed MAC scheme is investigated using a new multiband CSMA/CA Markov chain model capturing the primary user activity and the operation of secondary users in multiple bands. The throughput of secondary users is obtained as a function of the primary user activity and other CSMA/CA parameters. It is shown that the new MAC scheme yields larger throughput than the conventional single-band CSMA/CA when both schemes use the same bandwidth.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.251-255
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• 2011

In this paper, we investigate an adaptive cognitive radio (CR) scheme where a sensing duration and a detection threshold for spectrum sensing are adaptively determined according to the channel condition in a fading channel. We optimize the sensing duration and detection threshold of a secondary user to maximize the performance of the secondary user guaranteeing a primary user's secure communication. In addition, we analyze the effect of channel fading on the optimization of the sensing duration and detection threshold. Our numerical results show that the performance of the adaptive CR scheme can be drastically improved if a secondary user can take the advantage of channel information between primary and secondary users.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.55-63
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• 2013

인지무선네트워크에서 기 사용자(primary user)의 위치를 정확하게 파악하는 것은 2차 사용자(secondary user)들의 스펙트럼 이용 효율 향상 및 적절한 전력제어를 통한 기 사용자에 대한 간섭을 야기하는 것을 회피하는데 사용될 수 있기 때문에 인지무선네트워크에서 매우 중요한 연구 주제이다. 노드의 위치를 추정하는 다양한 기법들 중, 수신신호세기(RSS) 기반의 위치 추정 기법은 추가적인 하드웨어 자원 없이 쉽게 구현할 수 있어 일반적으로 가장 많이 사용되는 기법으로 인지무선네트워크에서도 사용될 수 있다. 하지만, 수신신호세기 기반의 위치 추정에서 노드간 거리 측정은 수신된 신호 세기를 기반으로 이루어져 무선 채널 환경의 페이딩, 쉐도잉 그리고 장애물 등으로 인해서 거리 추정의 오차가 생긴다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 수신신호세기 기반으로 기 사용자의 위치 측정의 정확도를 향상시키기 위하여 전송 손실 지수(path loss exponent) 추정기반의 기 사용자 위치 검출 기법을 제안한다. 시뮬레이션 결과를 통해 제안된 방식이 기존 방식보다 기 사용자 위치 측정의 오차를 줄어 기 사용자에 대한 간섭률을 더 줄일 수 있음을 보였다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.2015-2028
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• 2016

In this paper, we propose a sum transmission rate maximization based cooperative spectrum sharing protocol with quality-of-service (QoS) support for both of the primary and secondary systems, which exploits the situation when the primary system experiences a weak channel. The secondary transmitter ST_b which provides the best performance for the primary and secondary systems is selected to forward the primary signal. Specifically, ST_b helps the primary system achieve the target rate by using a fraction of its power to forward the primary signal. As a reward, it can gain spectrum access by using the remaining power to transmit its own signal. We study the secondary user selection and optimal power allocation such that the sum transmission rate of primary and secondary systems is maximized, while the QoS of both primary and secondary systems can be guaranteed. Simulation results demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed spectrum sharing protocol and its benefit to both primary and secondary systems.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.941-951
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• 2016

In this paper, cognitive radio and simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) are effectively combined to design a spectrum-efficient and energy-efficient transmission paradigm. Specifically, a novel SWIPT-based primary-secondary cooperation model is proposed to increase the transmission rate of energy/spectrum constrained users. In the proposed model, a multi-antenna secondary user conducts simultaneous energy harvesting and information forwarding by means of power splitting (PS), and tries to maximize its own transmission rate under the premise of successfully assisting the data delivery of the primary user. After the problem formulation, joint power splitting and beamforming optimization algorithms for decode-and-forward and amplify-and-forward modes are presented, in which we obtain the optimal PS factor and beamforming vectors using a golden search method and dual methods. Simulation results show that the proposed SWIPTbased primary-secondary cooperation schemes can obtain a much higher level of performance than that of non-SWIPT cooperation and non-cooperation schemes.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제7권9호
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• pp.2081-2100
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• 2013

In this paper, we propose a cooperative hybrid spectrum sharing protocol by jointly considering interweave (opportunistic) and underlay schemes. In the proposed protocol, secondary users can access the licensed spectrum along with the primary system. Our network scenario comprises a single primary transmitter-receiver (PTx-PRx) pair and a group of M secondary transmitter-receiver (STx-SRx) pairs within the transmission range of the primary system. Secondary transmitters are divided into two groups: active and inactive. A secondary transmitter that gets an opportunity to access the secondary spectrum is called "active". One of the idle or inactive secondary transmitters that achieves the primary request target rate $R_{PT}$ will be selected as a best decode-and-forward (DF) relay (Re) to forward the primary information when the data rate of the direct link between PTx and PRx falls below $R_{PT}$. We investigate the ergodic capacity and outage probability of the primary system with cooperative relaying and outage probability of the secondary system. Our theoretical and simulation results show that both the primary and secondary systems are able to achieve performance improvement in terms of outage probability. It is also shown that ergodic capacity and outage probability improve when the active secondary transmitter is located farther away from the PRx.