• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.279-284
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to propose the baseline data for the development of a stress measurement tool for primary school students. The data were collected from 650 students from four primary schools in the Chon-buk area from April 1 to May 30, 1995. Through a pretest and literature review a questionaire was designed with 57 stressors experienced by school children in daily life. Reliability of the tool was tested by a Cronbach's alpha and the result was ${\alpha}=.9137$. Factor analysis was applied to organize the 57 items together. As the result, 8 factors were obtained and these factors explained 40% of the variance. The 8 factors were: 1) Life events related to family, 2) Conflict related to friend & senior or junior, 3) Educational attitude of parents, 4) Own personality, 5) School life events, 6) Scolding by teacher and parent, 7) Conflict with interpersonal relationship, and 8) Change of situation.

• 한국학교수학회논문집
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.353-370
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 나눗셈과 분수의 1차적 개념을 학습한 초등학교 3학년 영재아 3명을 대상으로 소수를 내용으로 하였을 때, 정확한 1차적 개념에 대한 학습과 개념의 연결로 소수에 대한 변형된 1차적 개념과 변형된 스키마를 어떻게 구성하여 소수에 대한 관계적 이해를 하는지에 대해 질적 사례연구를 통하여 알아보았다. 즉, 연구대상자들이 나눗셈과 분수의 1차적 개념을 바탕으로 어떻게 소수에 대한 관계적 이해를 하는지, 그리고 소수의 1차적 개념을 바탕으로 어떠한 변형된 1차적 개념을 형성하여 수직적 수학화를 이루어 나가는지를 심도 있게 조사하였다. 그 결과 정확한 1차적 개념에 대한 학습으로 형성된 변형된 1차적 개념과 그들의 연결로 구성된 스키마와 변형된 스키마가 소수에 대한 관계적 이해와 수직적 수학화에 중요한 요인으로 작용 한다는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 영어어문교육
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.161-180
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• 2011

This study aims to illustrate the value of teaching English drama in the course of teaching primary English and suggests a model for primary English drama in an English camp for Children. Drama is the world of assumption where language is used just like in real life. It has a positive effect on foreign language learning by encouraging the operation of certain psychological factors which facilitate oral communication. Dramatic techniques such as storytelling, role play, chant, song and games can be used in the EFL classroom to help bring about such results. Meanwhile, making a primary English drama in an English camp for Children would be practical mode to attain the essential purpose of EFL teaching particularly to get over the drawbacks of Korean students' communicative competence under the school's inflexible EFL education curriculum. In this paper, I will present the effectiveness of English drama and the skills for using it with ESL students and suggest some notes that can be used to reinforce the goals set out from the position of the teacher, student and teaching material. It is confirmed that the trained leader, students' affirmative attitude and systematic teaching materials are needed to maximize the effects of drama activities. In addition to that, there will be showed a model of instruction targeted to the primary students learning English in an English camp for Children.

• 한국환경교육학회지:환경교육
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.89-102
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• 2008

Because of the rapid industrialization and urbanization, urban dwellers are lack of opportunity to contact with nature, and hence alienated from it. In particular, primary school children who are very sensible to nature need more opportunities to learn nature by direct interactions with it. For this purpose, a movement for making and using ecological learning-place in play-ground within primary school. It has been found as a result of research on ecological learning-places in 7 primary schools in Daegu that such places, equipped with several ecological facilities, provide both pupils and local dwellers around schools with a place for ecological learning and for rest. But some of them have been left without care and hence can not be properly used, because of inappropriate site, insufficient facilities, and deficient programme for practical use. In conclusion, the paper reconfirms importance of ecological learning-place within grounds of primary school in terms of its educational, social and ecological effects, and suggests briefly some measures to encourage its construction and practical use.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.345-359
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• 2010

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to correlation between the index of dental caries in primary teeth and the habits of diet and snack which are expected to influence on the index. The subjects of this study were 165 parents of the children who visited a pediatric dental hospital located in Gyeong-gi do from Jun. 15th to Sep. 26th, 2009, and the self-report questionnaire survey was performed. Methods : A questionnaire used in a previous study was revised and completed for this study and it consisted of 15 items on general characteristic, nine items on dietary habit, and five items on snack intake habit. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS program and findings are as follows Results : 1. The index of dental caries in primary teeth by ages was that children of four years old has 4~5 with 27.5%, children of five years old has 2~3 and 4~5 with 33.3% and children of six years old has 1 and 8~9 with 25.6%, showing a statistically significant(${\chi}^2$=37.72, p<.01). 2. The frequency of brushing teeth was found to have statistically significant negative correlation with the number of primary teeth with dental caries (${\chi}^2$=61.20, p<.001). 3. The frequency of taking snack was found to have statistically significant positive correlation with the number of primary teeth with dental caries (${\chi}^2$=51.42, p<.001). 4. The desirability of dietary habit was found to have statistically significant negative correlation with the number of primary teeth with dental caries (${\chi}^2$=36.51, p<.001). 5. The frequency of taking biscuit was found to have statistically significant positive correlation with the number of primary teeth with dental caries (${\chi}^2$=67.74, p<.001). 6. The frequency of taking bread was found to have statistically significant positive correlation with the number of primary teeth with dental caries (${\chi}^2$=29.63, p<.01). 7. The frequency of taking caramel and candy was found to have statistically significant positive correlation with the number of primary teeth with dental caries (${\chi}^2$=38.85, p<.001). 8. The frequency of taking soft drinks was found to have statistically significant positive correlation with the number of primary teeth with dental caries (${\chi}^2$=52.92, p<.001). 9. The frequency of taking ice-creams was found to have statistically significant positive correlation with the number of primary teeth with dental caries (${\chi}^2$=75.07, p<.001). Conclusions : Those findings show that the children with undesirable dietary habit and higher frequency of taking snack have higher index of dental caries in primary teeth, therefore, it is considered that the regular brushing teeth and establishment of desirable dietary habit are very important for keeping health oral cavity. It is recommended that the continuous concern and repeated learning are needed in house and group of rearing infants so that the children take foods of fruits which have function of self-purification than the food of carbohydrates which has high adhesion and level of sweetness.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.211-217
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• 2022

Purpose: Outcomes between primary gastrostomy tubes and buttons (G-tube and G-button) have not been established in pediatric patients. We hypothesized that primary G-tube have decreased complications when compared to G-button. Methods: A retrospective review of surgically placed gastrostomy devices from 2010 to 2017 was performed. Data collected included demographics, outcomes and 90-day complications. We divided the patients into primary G-tube and primary G-button. Results: Of 265 patients, 142 (53.6%) were male. Median age and weight at the time of surgery were 7 months (interquartile range [IQR], 2-44 months) and 6.70 kg (IQR, 3.98-14.15 kg), respectively. Among the groups, G-tube had 80 patients (30.2%) while G-button 185 patients (69.8%). There were 153 patients with at least one overall complication within 90 days postoperative. There was no significant difference in overall complications between groups (G-tube 63.8% vs. G-button 55.7%, p=0.192). More importantly, there were no significant differences in major complications among the groups, G-tube vs. G-button (5% vs. 4%; p=0.455). Conclusion: Primary G-tube offers no significant advantage in overall, minor or major complications when compared to primary G-button.

• 아동학회지
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• 제1권
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• pp.82-93
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• 1980

This study aims to find out and analyze the Various Problems of children of divorcee's and Compare them with that of the children of married parents. The subjects used for this study were 3,975 4~6 graders aged 9~13 enrolled in seven different Primary Schools located in seoul and Jeonju. To begin with, everybody in seven Classed were requested to respond to a questionnaire in order to Select the Children of divorcee's. When 60 children were selected, each Child was interviewed as well as asked to check questionnaire Concerning their daily life problems and feelings about them. When the data were analyzed, the following results were Obtained. 1) Children lives were affected by their parental divorce in various ways, but particularly so in their school lives. However, boys seemed to be affected less than the girls. 2) Either Separated from father or mother, generally the girls seemed to suffer more than the boys. Especially the girls separated from fathers were affected in school life and peer-relationships and the girls Separated from mother were affected in emotional problems and peer-relationships 3) Children of single parents seemed to be affected more in school lives, whereas th, children of remarried Parents Seemed to be affected in peer-problems. Again, the girls were more affected than boys. 4) Children whose parents were divorced when they were still in pre-school age seemed to suffer more than than those in the school age.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.57-66
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• 1988

The results obtained by survey on 599 respondents of different age groups for preference of 84 prepared foods were subjected to statistical principal component analysis, factor analysis, analysis of variance, scheffe verification, and discriminant analysis so as to find a structure of preference for foods. The results may be summarized as follows: 1. The results of the factor analysis indicate that 84 prepared food items may be classified into 3 groups and that by knowing an indvidual's preference to one prepared food, one can presume his preference to the others in the same group without carrying out actual test. 2. The results from an analysis of variance showed that most of primary school children extremely liked snacks, seniors liked Korean cooking, primary school children and collegians had weaknesses for western cookings while kindergarden children and adults over 50 years old disliked them.

• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제19권12호통권151호
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• pp.1039-1044
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• 1981

The author surveyed on maxillary median diastema of 1440 (male: 740, female:700) 'Y' primary school children aged from 6 to 12 and obtained the following results. 1. The prevalence of maxillary median diastema was 16.08% in male, 14.00% in female and 15.07% in both sexes. 2. The prevalence of maxillary median distema showed the highest rate in 8 years old children (male: 29.55%, female: 34.83%) and it showed decreasing tendency according to increasing age. 3. The prevalence of mesiodens was 0.79% and boys had higher rate than girls. 4. Mean value of 'Divergent degree' was 20.6mm in male, 20.5mm in female and mean value of 'Frenum distance' was 4.08mm in male, 41.1mm in female.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.106-117
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• 2004

The factors of obesity related with food habits were assessed to provide information for nutrition education database. The subjects in this study were 234 primary school children in Busan. Children were classified into normal and obese groups(mildly obese, moderately obese and severely obese) by obesity index. In self-recognition of body image, only 28.6% of MI group considered themselves as 'overweight or obese'. 87.2% of the subjects controlled their weight method with exercise. With regard to meal speed, 64.5% of the subjects ate $fast({\leq}15\;min.)$. The study also found that 79.8% of the subjects ate breakfast, 56.4% of the subjects them were moderate by obese, 40.8% of the subjects ate snacks after dinner. Eating speed, meal volume and snacks money per day were significantly different in obesity. Preference for eating out was Korean Chinese, Western and Japanese food, in order. Favorite food for snack, such as ddukbokki, fruits, milk. fried foods and candy and caramel were significantly different in obesity(p<0.05). However hamberger, pizza and chocolate were not significantly different in obesity. The most preference snack for all the subjects were fruits and ice cream. In food preference, potato, dduk, meats, fishes, cheese, milk, ice cream were significantly different in obesity. The distasteful food for subjects were patbab, vegetables, shellfishes and salt-fermented foods. From above results, obesity of children was related to meal speed, meal volume and snacks motley per day. Therefore, these results suggest that continuous and practical nutrition education to change food habits art necessary to avoid child obesity.