• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.156-161
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• 2007

Pediatric dentists are frequently encountered with fractured root fragments of primary teeth caused either by the traumatic injuries or by the accidental fractures during the procedure of tooth extractions. In these situations, we often hesitate which method to choose, extract or retain it. In general, it is recommended to retain apical fragments, as the attempts to extract the apical fragments might harm the developing permanent tooth germ. This study was designed to ensure the validity of intentional retention of the root fragments of primary teeth in the situations described above. 6 children with intentionally root fragments who experienced root fracture in primary anterior teeth were available Periodic radiographic assessment was performed at 3 months interval for $7{\sim}37$ months. The results of this study showed that apical fragments had been resorbed through physiologic process in 5 patients. Apical fragment had been gingival emergence along with the erupting permanent tooth in 1 patient. There were no evidence of interference with eruption of permanent successors. In summary we have been ensured the validity of intentionally retention of the root fragments of primary teeth. Children with being remained apical root fragment should be recalled regularly for assessment and parents should be thoroughly informed about the situation with special emphasis on the necessity of periodic check-up.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.213-218
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• 2011

The two-stage intermittent aeration activated sludge process (IAP) and dynamic-flow intermittent aeration activated sludge process (DFP) were investigated for the nutrient removal of domestic wastewater. Three sets of IAP and one set of DFP were operated. The fermented settled sludge taken from the primary settling tank was added to two IAP and one DFP as an external electron donor, with one IAP, in which an external carbon source was not added, as a control. All the systems were operated at a sludge retention time of 20 days and a hydraulic retention time of 12 hr. A Higher denitrification rate was observed with the fermented settled sludge for the denitrification compared to the process without the addition of the organic source. The result indicates that the fermented acid from the primary domestic sludge has been proved to be an excellent electron donor for denitrification and biological phosphorus removal with IAP and DFP in treating relatively low C/N ratio(Carbon / Nitrogen ratio) wastewater. Phosphate accumulating organisms have a capability of competing with denitrifiers in the presence of volatile organic acids under anoxic conditions.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.171-180
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• 2022

Employee retention is becoming a crucial idea for businesses that aim to improve their performance, resulting in an increasing emphasis on the topic in today's society. Employee retention refers to an organization's ability to retain its employees. The retention of workers may be viewed as a technique used by companies to retain their personnel since it is linked to employer efforts to maintain their staff. Online surveys were initially done between April and July 2021. Furthermore, the study's primary focus was employees of small and medium enterprises. To collect data, the questionnaires were distributed through Google forms. The survey used a snowballing technique because the questionnaires were circulated among the participants. Based on the results, the research found that Perceived Organizational Support (POS) and Perceived Organizational Justice (POJ) mediate the relationship of Value Congruence (VC) and Job Characteristics (JS) and employee retention in the Lebanese Retail Sector. Employees appreciate POS because it satisfies their desires for acceptance, esteem, and connection and offers comfort during times of stress. Employers must give priority to equal effort to ensure equitable treatment for workers at work. By integrating justice and equality in all departments, the performance of workers may be enhanced.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.86-89
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• 2011

Imperforate hymen is, with an incidence of 0.1%, a rare female anomaly, which can appear with symptoms such as lower abdominal pain, primary amenorrhea, dysuria, anuria, caused by retention of menstrual blood after the onset of menstruation. Generally urinary retention is caused by psychological conditions, drug effect, infection or congenital anomaly causing acute urinary obstruction. We experienced a patient with symptoms of acute urinary retention, suggesting acute urinary obstruction. The cause for the retention turned out to be an imperforated hymen, which should therefore be mentioned in the literature as a possible cause in cases suspected of urinary retention.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.34-41
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• 1999

Adsorption of cationic polyacrylamide dry strength resins onto the surface of papermaking fibers and fines is critical for their effective utilization. Since dry strength resins are frequently employed when recycled fibers containing a great deal of fines are used as a raw material, their adsorption characteristic onto the recycled fiber fines is of great importance. In this study, effects of recycling on adsorption characteristics of cationic polyacrylamide onto primary and secondary fines were examined. Never dried bleached hardwood kraft pulp was beaten and dried for recycling. In each recycling step the adsorption characteristic of a cationic PAM onto primary and secondary fines was evaluated by kjeldahl nitrogen analysis method. The influence of recycling on water retention value and carboxyl content along with the sheet density and tensile strength was examined. Secondary fines of never dried pulp adsorbed twice as much of C-PAM as the primary fines, however, the adsorption capacity of the secondary fines decreased rapidly during the course of recycling and showed lower adsorption capacily than primary fines.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.10 no.7
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• pp.344-354
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• 2010

The primary purpose of this study is to examine the effects of customer satisfaction and switching barrier on customer retention and intention of WOM in insurance services. Based on relevant literature reviews, this study posits three switching barrier characteristics, that is, switching costs, attractiveness of alternatives and interpersonal relationship as key determinants of customer retention and intention of WOM. And then we structured a research model and hypotheses about relationship between these variables. A total 230 usable survey responses of life insurance service users have been employed in the analysis. The major findings from the data analyses are as follows. Firstly, customer satisfaction had a positive influence upon customer retention and intention of WOM. Secondly, two switching barrier characteristics of switching costs and interpersonal relationship had a positive influence upon customer retention. Lastly, customer retention had very significantly related to intention of WOM in insurance services. From this study, we expect to suggest practical and managerial implications to insurance service providers.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.1130-1136
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• 2006

This work elucidates the effects of pretreatment of the sewage sludge from wastewater treatment plant by microwave irradiation on elutriated acid fermentation. These experiments typically fell into two process; pretreatment as microwave irradiation and elutriated acid fermentation for hydrolysis and acidification as main process of primary sludge. The results of maximum solubilization rate of B, D primary and secondary sludge were 0.042, 0.086 and 0.15 gSCODprod./gICODin and the optimum irradiation time of microwave on 2,450 MHz and 900 W were 5 min. for primary sludge and 7 min. for secondary sludge. From batch tests on elutriated acid fermentation that was used the pretreated primary sludge as microwave, the optimum pH and HRT (hydraulic retention time) were 7 and 5 days at $35^{\circ}C$ condition.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.780-791
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• 2019

This study aimed to extend the retention of flavor in coffee-containing milk beverage by microencapsulation. The core material was caramel flavor, and the primary and secondary coating materials were medium-chain triglyceride and maltodextrin, respectively. Polyglycerol polyricinoleate was used as the primary emulsifier, and the secondary emulsifier was polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate. Response surface methodology was employed to determine optimum microencapsulation conditions, and headspace solid-phase microextraction was used to detect the caramel flavor during storage. The microencapsulation yield of the caramel flavor increased as the ratio of primary to secondary coating material increased. The optimum ratio of core to primary coating material for the water-in-oil (W/O) phase was 1:9, and that of the W/O phase to the secondary coating material was also 1:9. Microencapsulation yield was observed to be approximately 93.43%. In case of in vitro release behavior, the release rate of the capsules in the simulated gastric environment was feeble; however, the release rate in the simulated intestinal environment rapidly increased within 30 min, and nearly 70% of the core material was released within 120 min. The caramel flavor-supplemented beverage sample exhibited an exponential degradation in its flavor components. However, microcapsules containing flavor samples showed sustained flavor release compared to caramel flavor-filled samples under higher storage temperatures. In conclusion, the addition of coffee flavor microcapsules to coffee-containing milk beverages effectively extended the retention of the coffee flavor during the storage period.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.13-22
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• 2008

Objective Weight change in the postpartum period is a dominant concern of new mothers recently. Postpartum weight retention has important public health implication as well, because retention of gestational weight can be a significant contributor to long-term obesity and associated health risks. This study was designed to collect the latest papers and find more effective approach for postpartum obesity. Methods We searched 81 papers in English from PubMed and selected 41 in favor of our study. In addition to that, we searched 11 papers in Korean and 2 papers in Chinese. Results are as follows. Results and Conclusions These papers show that many different factors were related with postpartum weight retention. This study suggests that moderate weight gain during pregnancy is important to prevent postpartum obesity. Adequate caloric restriction and exercise are needed to prevent from postpartum weight retention. In addition, husbands, some relatives and friends are primary sources for postpartum female to lose and keep up weight. The effect of weight loss associated with lactation significantly differs from paper to paper. There are not many treatments for postpartum weight retention. So, more effective treatments using Korean traditional medicine must be improved even from now on. This study can offer many ideas to treat postpartum weight retention.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.365-371
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• 1985

A cationic dye, methylene blue $(MTB^+)$ was examined as a counter ion in the separation of organic and inorganic anions by ion-pair chromatography. Nonabsorbing anions could be indirectly detected by photometric detector with the assistance of MTB^+ in visible range (665nm). A mixture of anions was able to be separated with good base line resolution and high sensitivity. The capacity factors were also determined in various experimental conditions to study retention mechanism. The retention followed the ion-interaction model where the $MTB^+$ occupies a primary layer at the stationary phase while the analyte anion and other anions in the system compete for forming the secondary layer.