• 제목/요약/키워드: Primary alcohol

검색결과 196건 처리시간 0.027초

인도메타신 소프트 하이드로겔로 부터 약물 방출에 미치는 피부투과촉진제의 영향 (Effect of skin penetration enhancer on the drug release from indomethacin-soft hydrogel)

  • 남현규;이치호;신영희
    • Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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    • 제32권1호
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    • pp.35-40
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    • 2002
  • We prepared a novel dosage form, peel-off type soft hydrogel using poly(vinyl alcohol), and evaluated the effect of skin penetration enhancer on the indomethacin release from soft hydrogel by in vitro permeation and in vivo absorption test. In this study, we used four enhancers-urea, dimethyl urea, 1,1,3,3-tetramethyl urea, and pirotiodecane (1-[2(decylthio)ethyl]azacyclopentane-2-one, $HPE-101^{circledR}$). In addition, we evaluated the primary skin irritation test of soft hydrogel using rabbit. From these results, we could find the pirotiodecane was a prominent enhancer, and soft hydrogel seemed to be safe and have no irritancy.

The Crystal and Molecular Structure of Phlorizin Dihydrate

  • Shin, Whan-Chul
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • 제6권1호
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    • pp.7-11
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    • 1985
  • The crystal structure of phlorizin, a ${\beta}$ -D-glucopyranoside of a flavonoid dihydrochalcone phloretin, has been determined by single crystal diffraction methods using diffractometer data obtained by the ${\omega}-2{\theta}$ scan technique with Cu $K{\alpha}$ radiation from a crystal with space group symmetry $P2_12_12_1$ and unit cell parameters a = 4.9094 (2), b = 19.109 (1), c = 23.275 (4) $\AA$. The structure was solved by direct methods and refined by full-matrix least-squares to a final R = 0.047 for the 1697 observed reflections. The dihydrochalcone moiety is flat and fully extended. The glucose ring has the $^4C_1$ chair conformation and the conformation of the primary alcohol group is gauche-gauche. The crystal packing is dominated by an extensive hydrogen bonding pattern. There are one strong and two weak intramolecular hydrogen bonds in the phlorizin molecule.

Reaction of Dipyrrolidinoaluminum Hydride in Tetrahydrofuran with Selected Organic Compounds Containing Representative Functional Groups

  • Jin Soon Cha;Oh Oun Kwon;Jong Mi Kim;Jae Cheol Lee
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • 제15권8호
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    • pp.644-649
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    • 1994
  • The approximate rates and stoichiometry of reaction of excess dipyrrolinoaluminum hydride (DPAH) with selected organic compounds containing representative functional groups under standardized conditions (tetrahydrofuran, 0, reagent : compound=4 : 1) were examined in order to define the characteristics of the reagent for selective reductions. The reducing ability of DPAH was also compared with that of bis(diethylamino)aluminum hydride (BEAH). The reagent appears to be stronger than BEAH, but weaker than the parent reagent in reducing strength. DPAH shows a unique reducing characteristics. Thus, the reagent reduces aldehydes, ketones, esters, acid chlorides, epoxides, and nitriles readily. In addition to that, ${\alpha},\;{\beta}$-unsaturated aldehyde is reduced to the saturated alcohol. Quinone are reduced cleanly to the corresponding 1,4-reduction products. The examination for possibility of achieving a partial reduction to aldehydes was also performed. Both primary and tertiary aromatic carboxamides are converted to aldehydes with a limiting amount of DPAH. Finally, disulfides and sulfoxides are readily reduced to thiols and sulfides, respectively.

첨가제를 이용한 액체연료의 열안정성 향상 (Thermal Stability Improvement of Liquid Fuel by Using Some Additives)

  • 박선희;김중연;전병희;한정식;정병훈;김성현
    • 한국추진공학회지
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    • 제15권5호
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    • pp.48-53
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    • 2011
  • 본 연구의 목적은 열안정성을 향상시키는 첨가제 (열안정제)를 이용하여 exo-tetrahydrodicyclopentadiene (exo-THDCP, $C_{10}H_{16}$)의 열안정성을 향상시키는 것이다. 실험 중 실시간으로 추출한 시료를 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)를 이용해 성분 분석하여 첨가제 성능-exo-THDCP의 열분해성-을 확인하고, 반응시간에 따른 exo-THDCP의 분해생성물의 성분 및 조성 변화를 통해 첨가제의 작용 메커니즘을 규명하였다. 열안정제로써 수소공여체를 사용하여 실험한 결과 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline (THQ), benzyl alcohol (BnOH) 등을 첨가하였을 때 exo-THDCP의 열안정성이 향상되었다. 이러한 수소공여체 물질들은 개시반응이 진행된 exo-THDCP 라디칼에 수소원자(hydrogen radical)를 제공함으로 라디칼의 반응성을 완화시켜 1차 생성물의 활성을 감소시키어 2차생성물질인 $C_{11}$이상 생성물의 발생을 감소시키는 것으로 밝혀졌다.

Clinico-pathology of Lung Cancer in a Regional Cancer Center in Northeastern India

  • Mandal, Sanjeet Kumar;Singh, Thaudem Tomcha;Sharma, Takhenchangbam Dhaneshor;Amrithalingam, Venkatesan
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • 제14권12호
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    • pp.7277-7281
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    • 2013
  • Background: Globally, there have been important changes in trends amongst gender, histology and smoking patterns of lung cancer cases. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was conducted on 466 patients with lung cancer who were registered in Regional Cancer Center, Regional Institute of Medical Sciences, Manipur from January 2008 to December 2012. Results: Most were more than 60 years of age (67.8%) with a male: female ratio of 1.09:1. Some 78.8% of patients were chronic smokers with male smoker to female smoker ratio of 1.43:1. Consumption of alcohol was found in 29.4%, both smoking and alcohol in 27.5%, betel nut chewing in 37.9% and tobacco chewing in 25.3%. A history of tuberculosis was present in 16.3% of patients. The most frequent symptom was coughing (36.6%) and most common radiological presentation was a mass lesion (70%). Most of the patients had primary lung cancer in the right lung (60.3%). The most common histological subtype was squamous cell carcinoma (49.1%), also in the 40-60 year age group (45.9%), more than 60 year age group (51.6%), males (58.1%) and females (41.8%). As many as 91.9% of squamous cell carcinoma patients had a history of smoking. About 32.5% of patients had distant metastasis at presentation with brain (23.8%) and positive malignant cells in pleural effusions (23.1%) as common sites. The majority of patients were in stage III (34.4%), stage IV (32.5%) and stage II (30.2%). Conclusions: Our analysis suggests that the gender gap has been narrowed such that about half of the patients diagnosed with lung cancer are women in this part of India. This alarming rise in female incidence is mainly attributed to an increased smoking pattern. Squamous cell carcinoma still remains the commonest histological subtype. Most of the patients were elderly aged and presented at locally or distantly advanced stages.

G1/S-specific Cyclin-D1 Might be a Prognostic Biomarker for Patients with Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

  • Zhang, Ying-Yao;Xu, Zhi-Na;Wang, Jun-Xi;Wei, Dong-Min;Pan, Xin-Liang
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • 제13권5호
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    • pp.2133-2137
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    • 2012
  • Objective: To investigate the prognostic role of antigen KI-67 (Ki-67) and G1/S-specific cyclin-D1 (cyclin-D1) in patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). Methods: Immunohistochemical staining (IHS) was used to determine the protein expression of Ki-67 and cyclin-D1 in LSCC tissues. Kaplan-Meier survival curves was calculated with reference to Ki-67 and cyclin-D1 levels. Results: Cyclin-D1 and Ki67 were expressed in the nuclei of cancer cells. Among the total of 92 cancer tissues examined by immunohistochemistry, 60 (65.22%) had cyclin-D1 overexpression and 56 (60.87%) had Ki67 overexpression. Cyclin-D1 overexpression is associated with the advanced stage of the cancer (P=0.029), but not with gender, age, stage of cancer, histological differentiation, anatomical site, smoking history and alcohol consumption history. Ki67 overexpression is not associated with the advanced stage, gender, age, histological differentiation, anatomical site, smoking history and alcohol consumption history. A statistically significant correlation was found between lymph node status and the expression of Ki67 (p = 0.025). Overexpression of cyclin-D1 was correlated to shorter relapse-free survival period (P<0.001). Conclusions: Overexpression of cyclin-D1 can be used as a marker to predict relapse in patients with LSCC after primary curative resection.

우리나라 노인의 우울과 주관적 구강건강 관련성: 국민건강영양조사 제6기 2차(2014년) 자료 이용 (Association between depression and poor oral health in Korean elderly: the six Korean national health and nutrition examination survey (KNHANES VI-2))

  • 조한아;최은실
    • 한국치위생학회지
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    • 제16권6호
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    • pp.931-941
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    • 2016
  • Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the association between depression and poor oral health in Korean elderly using Korean version of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) for assessment of depressive symptoms. Methods: This study used the data from Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES VI-2). The study included 1,454 elderly Korean aged over 65. Variables included demographic characteristics (gender, age), socioeconomic factor (income, education), systemic diseases, oral health related factor (tooth brush, dental products), health related factor (alcohol drinking, smoking), and depression. Logistic regression analysis was used as sequential models. Effects were quantified as odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: From frequency analysis, being female, primary school or less, non-alcohol drinking, poor oral health were significantly related to depression. In the multiple logistic regression model, depression was significantly associated with poor oral health (OR=1.96, CI=1.15-3.53) after adjustment for other covariates including demographic characteristics, socioeconomic factor, systemic diseases, oral health related factor, and health related factor (OR=1.91, CI=1.13-3.27). Conclusions: Depression had an influence on the poor oral health after adjustment as confounding variable in the elderly. It should be focused on the health promotion for the elderly vulnerable to depression and poor oral health. The development of the mental health and oral health should be established.

건강증진 연구방법의 현황과 과제 : 한국건강증진재단 연구과제(2005-2011년)를 중심으로 (Current Status and Challenges of Research Methology for Health Promotion Research: Focusing on Research Funded by the Korea Health Promotion Foundation, 2005-2011)

  • 안지영;김광기;제갈정;문현정;차선경;정은하
    • 보건교육건강증진학회지
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    • 제30권5호
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    • pp.47-59
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    • 2013
  • Objectives: To investigate the current status and challenges of research methodology for health promotion research (HPR), this study analyzed HPR funded by the Korea Health Promotion Foundation (KHPF) from 2005 to 2011. Methods: All of the research reports funded by the KHPF for the period were included in this study. From the literature reviewed, a framework of this study was developed. Results: Quantitative research was 67.7%. The most common quantitative research design was cross-sectional survey (46.6%). Only 7.3% of quantitative research employed theoretical frameworks, and more than a half (53.4%) used primary data. For qualitative research (2.8%), most cases were conducted together with quantitative research. No qualitative research employed a philosophical underpinning. Only 7.0% of research received consent form, and 2.1% was approved by institutional review board. The results of this study indicate that there is a need to employ various research methods to study key concepts of HPR more in-depth. Efforts should be made to reduce statistical errors and also employ newly introduced statistical methods. Conclusions: Overall, a lack of scientific evidence from the HPR reports analyzed in this study was observed. Therefore, the KHPF and the academia should work together to solve the problems indicated from this study.

첨가제를 이용한 액체연료의 열안정성 향상 (Thermal Stability Improvement of Liquid Fuel by Using Some Additives)

  • 박선희;김중연;전병희;한정식;정병훈;김성현
    • 한국추진공학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국추진공학회 2010년도 제35회 추계학술대회논문집
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    • pp.294-299
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    • 2010
  • 본 연구의 목적은 열안정성을 향상시키는 첨가제 (열안정제)를 이용하여 exo-tetrahydrodicyclopentadiene (exo-THDCP, $C_{10}H_{16}$)의 열안정성을 향상시키는 것이다. 실험은 반응 진행 중 미량의 시료 추출이 가능한 회분식 반응기에서 수행되었다. 추출한 시료를 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)를 이용해 성분 분석하여 첨가제 성능-exo-THDCP의 열분해성-을 확인하고, 반응시간에 따른 exo-THDCP의 분해생성물의 성분 및 조성 변화를 통해 첨가제의 작용 메커니즘을 규명하였다. 열안정제로써 수소공여체를 사용하여 실험한 결과 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline (THQ), benzyl alcohol (BnOH) 등을 첨가하였을 때 exo-THDCP의 열안정성이 향상되었다. 이러한 수소공여체 물질들은 개시반응이 진행된 exo-THDCP 라디칼에 수소원자 (hydrogen radical)를 제공함으로 라디칼의 반응성을 완화시켜 1차 생성물의 활성을 감소시키어 2차생성물질인 $C_{11}$ 이상 생성물의 발생을 감소시키는 것으로 밝혀졌다.

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Polyglucuronic Acid C5-Epimerase에 의한 Algin 유사 다당류 생산 조건의 최적화 (Optimization of Conditions for the Production of Algin-like Polysaccharide by Polyglucuronic Acid C5-Epimerase)

  • 조계봉;장판식
    • 한국식품과학회지
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    • 제32권1호
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    • pp.147-153
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    • 2000
  • 구조와 용해도가 다른 4종류의 다당류(옥수수전분, 쌀전분, 고구마전분 및 셀룰로오스) 내의 1차 alcohol기를 특이적으로 산화시켜 제조된 polyglucuronic acid를 polyglucuronic acid C5-epimerase와 반응시켜 algin 유사 물질을 값싸게 대량으로 구득하고자 하였는 바, 신선한 소의 간을 마쇄한 후 $100,000{\times}g$에서 1시간 원심분리한 상등액에서 조효소 용액을 구득하여 개선된 Dische carbazole 방법으로 효소활성도를 측정하였다. 이때 효소 활성 측정을 위한 반응식을 다음과 같이 확립하여 활성도를 계산하였다. Abs. at $530nm=-(5.3958{\times}10^{-3})$(Concentration of epimerized product) +0.8090. 또한 polyglucuronic acid C5-epimerase 효소반응을 위한 최적 기질은 산화된 고구마전분이었으며, 최적 pH 및 온도는 각각 7.0과 $30^{\circ}C$이었다. 따라서 특이적으로 산화된 고구마전분과 소의 간으로부터 추출된 polyglucuronic acid C5-epimerase를 이용하여 polyglucuronic acid가 polyiduronic acid로 전환된 algin 유사 물질의 효소적 생산이 가능한 것으로 판단되었다.

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