• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.169-186
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• 2000

The Miocene volcanic rocks in the Dangsari area, eastern part of Ulsan city, are mainly composed of andesite lava flows and pyroclastic rocks. The andesite lavas are identified as two-pyroxone andesite, comprising phenocrysts of augite ($Wo_{43.2}$ $En_{41.0}$ $Fs_{15.8}$ ) and hyperthene ($Wo_{2.7}$ $65.8_{En}$ $_{Fs}$ 31.5). The andesitic pyroclastic rocks are largely composed of pyroclastic breccias with alternating tuff-breccia and lapilli tuff, which showing planar layering, and minor amount of andesitic tuff with thin deposits of interlayered tuffaceous shale. According to the petrochemical data, andesitic rocks belong to medium-K calc-alkaline andesite. The position of bulk composition on the AFM diagram and the presence of normative quartz and hypersthene indicate that the volcanic rocks are calc-alkaline. The trace element composition and REE patterns of andesite, which are characterized by a high LILE/HFSE ratio and enrichment in LREE, suggest that they are typical of continental margin arc calc-alkalic volcanic rocks produced in the subduction environment. On the discrimination diagram, the Dangsari volcanic rocks fall into the fields of subduction related continental margin arc volcanic province. The primary magic melts may be derived from about 15% partial melting of mantle wedge in the upper mantle under destructive plate margin. And the melt evolved to calc-alkaline andesite magma by fractional crystallization and the magma was a little contaminated with crustal materials.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.226-231
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• 2017

The aim is to investigate the spectra responsibilities of QD (Quantum Dot) for the innovation of new dosimetry application for therapeutic Megavoltage X-ray range. The unique electrical and optical properties of QD are expected to make it a good sensing material for dosimeter. This study shows the spectra responsibility of toluene based ZnCd QD and PPO (2.5-diphenyloxazol) mixed liquid scintillator. The QDs of 4 sizes corresponding to an emission wavelength (ZnCdSe/ZnS:$440{\pm}5nm$, ZnCdSeS:470, 500, $570{\pm}5nm$) were utilized. A liquid scintillator for control sample was made of toluene, PPO. The Composition of QD loaded scintillators are about 99 wt% Toluene as solvent, 1 wt% of PPO as primary scintillator and 0.05, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.4 wt% of QDs as solute. For the spectra responsibility of QD scintillation, they were irradiated for 30 second with 6 MV beam from a LINAC ($Infinity^{TM}$, Elekta). With the guidance of 1.0 mm core diameter optical fiber, scintillation spectrums were measured by a compact CCD spectrometer which could measure 200~1,000 nm wavelength range (CCS200, Thorlabs). We measured the spectra responsibilities of QD loaded organic liquid scintillators in two scintillation mechanisms. First was the direct transfer and second was using wave shifter. The emission peaks from the direct transfer were measured to be much smaller luminescent intensity than based on the wavelength shift from the PPO to QDs. The emission peak was shifted from PPO emission wavelength 380 nm to each emission wavelength of loaded QD. In both mechanisms, 500 nm QD loaded samples were observed to radiate in the highest luminescence intensity. We observed the spectra responsibility of QD doped toluene based liquid scintillator in order to innovate QD dosimetry applicator. The liquid scintillator loading 0.2 wt% of 500 nm emission wavelength QD has most superior responsibility at 6 MV photon beam. In this study we observed the spectra responsibilities for therapeutic X-ray range. It would be the first step of innovating new radiation dosimetric methods for radiation treatment.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.371-392
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• 2015

TS-DP2 is a recombinant human granulocyte colony stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) manufactured by TS Corporation. We conducted a four-week study of TS-DP2 (test article) in repeated intravenous doses in male and female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Lenograstim was used as a reference article and was administered intravenously at a dose of $1000{\mu}g/kg/day$. Rats received TS-DP2 intravenously at doses of 250, 500, and $1000{\mu}g/kg/day$ once daily for 4 weeks, and evaluated following a 2-week recovery period. Edema in the hind limbs and loss of mean body weight and body weight gain were observed in both the highest dose group of TS-DP2 and the lenograstim group in male rats. Fibro-osseous lesions were observed in the lenograstim group in both sexes, and at all groups of TS-DP2 in males, and at doses of TS-DP2 $500{\mu}g/kg/day$ and higher in females. The lesion was considered a toxicological change. Therefore, bone is the primary toxicological target of TS-DP2. The lowest observed adverse effect level (LOAEL) in males was $250{\mu}g/kg/day$, and no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) in females was $250{\mu}g/kg/day$ in this study. In the toxicokinetic study, the serum concentrations of G-CSF were maintained until 8 hr after administration. The systemic exposures ($AUC_{0-24h}$ and $C_0$) were not markedly different between male and female rats, between the administration periods, or between TS-DP2 and lenograstim. In conclusion, TS-DP2 shows toxicological similarity to lenograstim over 4-weeks of repeated doses in rats.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.97-120
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• 2016

This study is to objectively deduce components of a public library culture and define a library culture. Thus, the study gathers the opinions and the experiences of the expertise in this specific area of a library culture. Furthermore, the study takes gathered informations and dates into consideration, to derive a measurement of final components, delphi technique. Through usage of Delphi technique, it allowed selected final components to operate a comparative analysis of the elements, which then it helps to measure each element's critical importance, identify priorities of each element by using a hierarchical decision making method. The major conclusions of this study are as follows. First, the study used a two-step delphi survey which was conducted on a panel of experts (Faculty of Library and Information Science (LIS) and the librarians), deduced the components of a library culture. In the primary survey, the study found 29 components (material culture 6, non-material culture 23). In the secondary survey, it deduced 21 components (material culture 3, non-material culture 18). Second, through comparative analysis, the prioritization of the public library culture components presented in following orders, , , and . The Most weighted values of each components were, of 'data usage and its method.'; of 'core values of librarianship'; of 'library ethical consciousness.' appeared as such.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.7229-7235
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• 2013

Background: To determine whether the Health Partner Program is effective in training long-term cancer survivors to be health coaches. Materials and Methods: We randomly assigned cancer survivors who were selected through a rigorous screening process to either the Health Partner Program or the waiting-list control group. The program consisted of 8 weeks of training in health management, leadership, and coaching. At baseline, 8, and 16 weeks, we measured primary outcomes using the Seven Habit Profile (SHP), the Korean Leadership Coaching Competency Inventory (KCCI), Ed Diner's Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), and the Posttraumatic Growth inventory (PTGI) and secondary outcomes using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R), and the Medical Outcomes Study (MOS) short form 36-item questionnaire (SF-36). Results: We recruited 70 subjects and randomly assigned 34 to the intervention group. The Sharpen the Saw habit of the SHP increased significantly more in intervention group than in the control group (p=0.049), as did most PTGI factors. The intervention group also showed a significantly greater enhancement of vitality (p=0.015) and mental health (p=0.049) SF-36 scores but no improvement in KCCI, SWLS, HADS, or IES-R scores. The intervention group also showed a greater clinically meaningful improvement in the "Think Win-Win" of SHP (p=0.043) and in the personal strength score (p=0.025) and total score (p=0.015) of the PTGI. Conclusions: Long-term cancer survivors can benefit from the Health Partner Program to become health coaches.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.328-334
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• 2004

Cervical cancer is one of the leading causes of female death. Viral oncoproteins E6 and E7 are selectively retained and expressed in carcinoma cells infected with HPV (Human pa pilloma virus) type 16 and cooperated in immotalization and transformation of primary keratinocyte. E6 and E7 oncoproteins interfere the functions of tumor suppressor proteins p53 and retinoblasoma protein (pRb), respectively. Among a lots of natural products, Mentha arvensis Linne var.piperascens have inhibitory effects on bindings between E6 oncoprotein and tumor suppressor p53, E3 ubiqutin- protein ligase (E6AP). HPV oncoprotein inhibitors from Mentha piperita L. were isolated by solvent partition and column chromatography (Silica gel, RP-18) and inhibitory compounds were finally purified by HPLC using an ELISA screening system based on binding between E6 and E6AP. The aim of this study is to identify the structure of inhibitory compounds and to investigate whether these compounds have inhibitory effects on functions of E6 oncoprotein. We investigated whether caffeic acid methyl ester (CAM) extracted from Mentha piperita L. could inhibit the function of E6 oncoprotein. CAM inhibited the in vitro binding of E6 and E6AP which are essential for the binding and degradation of the tumor suppressor p53 and also inhibited the proliferation of human cervical cancer cell lines (SiHa and CaSKi) in a dose response manner. These results suggest that CAM inhibited the function of E6 oncoprotein, suggesting that it can be used as a potential drug for the treatment of cervical cancers infected with HPV.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.158-164
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• 2012

Purpose: To evaluated the patterns of failure, survival rate, treatment-related toxicity and prognostic factors in postoperative radiotherapy of patients with ependymoma. Materials and Methods: Thirty patients who underwent surgery and postoperative radiotherapy for ependymoma between the period of June 1994 and June 2008 were reviewed retrospectively. The age of patients ranged from 21 months to 66 years (median, 19 years). Seventeen patients had grade II ependymoma, and 13 had grade III anaplastic ependymoma according to the World Health Organization grading system. The postoperative irradiation was performed with 4 or 6 MV photon beam with median dose of 52.8 Gy (range, 45 to 63 Gy), and radiation field including 2 cm beyond the preoperative tumor volume. Median follow-up period was 51 months (range, 12 to 172 months). Results: Fourteen out of 30 (46.7%) patients experienced recurrence, and 12 of those died. Among those 14 patients who experienced recurrence, 11 were in-field and 3 were out-of-field recurrence. The 5-year overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) rates were 66.7% and 56.1%, respectively. On univariate analysis, tumor grade was a statistically significant prognostic factor for OS and PFS. There were two complications after surgery and postoperative radiotherapy, including short stature and facial palsy on the left side. Conclusion: We observed good survival rates, and histologic grade was a prognostic factor affecting the OS and PFS. Almost all recurrence occurred in primary tumor site, thus we suggest further evaluation on intensity-modulated radiotherapy or stereotatic radiosurgery for high-risk patients such as who have anaplastic ependymoma.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.33-47
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• 1998

Using a combination of an X-ray generator Installed in radiation calibration laboratory of Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI) and a series of 8 radiators and filters described in ISO-4037, monoenergetic fluorescent X-rays from 8.6 keV to 75 keV were produced. This fluorescent X-rays generated by primary X-rays from radiator were discriminated $K_{\beta}$ lines with the aid of filter material and the only $K_{\alpha}$ X-rays were analyzed with the high purity Ge detector and portable MCA. The air kerma rates were measured with the 35 co ionization chamber and compared with the calculational results, and the beam uniformity and the scattered effects of radiation fields were also measured. The beam purities were more than 90 % for the energy range of 8.6 keV to 75 keV and the air kerma rates were from 1.91 mGy/h (radiator : Au, filter : W) to 54.2 mGy (radiator : Mo, filter : Zr) at 43 cm from center of the radiator. The effective area of beam at the measurement point of air kerma rates was 12 cm ${\times}$ 12 cm and the influence of scattered radiation was less than 3 %. The fluorescent X-rays established in this study could be used for the determination of energy response of the radiation measurement devices and the personal dosemeters in low photon energy regions.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.986-992
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• 2009

Type I interferons (IFNs) are critical mediators of the innate immune system to defend viral infection. Interferon regulatory factor (IRF) and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) play critical roles in type I IFN production in response to viral infection. Luteolin is natural polyphenolic compounds that have anti-inflammatory, cytoprotective and anti-carcinogenic effects. However, the mechanism of action and impact of luteolin on innate immunity is still unknown. In this study, we examined the effects of luteolin on the lipopolysacchride (LPS)-induced inflammatory responses. Luteolin inhibited Type I IFNs expression of mRNA and increased interleukin(IL)-10 expression of mRNA. Next, we examined the protective effects of IL-10 using IL-10 neutralizing antibody (IL-10NA). Blockade of IL-10 action didn't cause a significant reduction of Type I IFNs than LPS-induced luteolin pretreatment. Pretreatment of luteolin inhibited the level of IRF-1, and IRF-7 mRNA and the nuclear translocation of IRF-3. Also, luteolin reduced the activation of STAT - 1, 3. Theses results suggest that luteolin inhibits LPS-induced the production of Type I IFNS by both IRFs and STATs not IL-10 and may be a beneficial drug for the treatment of inflammatory disease.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.3667-3671
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• 2015

Invasion and metastasis is the major cause of tumor recurrence, difficulty for cure and low survival rate. Excavating key transcription factors, which can regulate tumor invasion and metastasis, are crucial to the development of therapeutic strategies for cancers. PU.1 is a master hematopoietic transcription factor and a vital regulator in life. Here, we report that, compared to adjacent non-cancerous tissues, expression of PU.1 mRNA in metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but not primary HCC, was significantly down-regulated. In addition, levels of PU.1 mRNA in metastatic hepatoma cell lines MHCC97L and MHCC97H were much lower than in non-metastatic Hep3B cells. Transwell invasion assays after PU.1 siRNA transfection showed that the invasion of hepatoma cell lines was increased markedly by PU.1 knockdown. Oppositely, overexpression of PU.1 suppressed the invasion of these cells. However, knockdown and overexpression of PU.1 did not influence proliferation. Finally, we tried to explore the potential mechanism of PU.1 suppressing hepatoma cell invasion. ChIP-qPCR analysis showed that PU.1 exhibited a high binding capacity with miR-615-5p promoter sequence. Overexpression of PU.1 caused a dramatic increase of pri-, pre- and mature miR-615-5p, as well as a marked decrease of miR-615-5p target gene IGF2. These data indicate that PU.1 inhibits invasion of human HCC through promoting miR-615-5p and suppressing IGF2. These findings improve our understanding of PU.1 regulatory roles and provided a potential target for metastatic HCC diagnosis and therapy.