• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.699-708
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• 2022

Antibiotic exposure during pregnancy have an adversely effects on offspring behavior and development. However, its mechanism is still poorly understood. To uncover this, we added ceftriaxone sodium to the drinking water of rats during pregnancy and conducted three-chamber sociability test, open-field test, and Morris water maze test in 3- and 6-week-old offspring. The antibiotic group offspring showed lower sociability and spatial learning and memory than control. To determine the role of the gut microbiota and their metabolites in the changes in offspring behavior, fecal samples of 6-week-old offspring rats were sequenced. The composition of dominant gut microbial taxa differed between the control and antibiotic groups. KEGG pathway analysis showed that S24-7 exerted its effects through the metabolic pathways including mineral absorption, protein digestion and absorption, Valine, leucine, and isoleucine biosynthesis. Correlation analysis showed that S24-7 abundance was negatively correlated with the level of VEGF, and metabolites associated with S24-7-including 3-aminobutanoic acid, dacarbazine, L-leucine, 3-ketosphinganine, 1-methylnicotinamide, and N-acetyl-L-glutamate-were also significantly correlated with VEGF levels. The findings suggest that antibiotic exposure during pregnancy, specifically ceftriaxone sodium, will adversely affects the behavior of offspring rats due to the imbalance of gut microbiota, especially S24-7, via VEGF and various metabolic pathways.

• Obstetrics & gynecology science
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• v.61 no.6
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• pp.684-687
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• 2018

Objective Primary dysmenorrhea occurs in more than 50% of women of reproductive age. This survey evaluated the effects of Menstrugole on the alleviation of primary dysmenorrhea. Methods This study was performed in western Iran between August 15 and December 15, 2017, in female students with primary dysmenorrhea. The students were randomly divided into 2 groups and received placebo or a Menstrugole capsule for 3 days in each of 2 menstrual cycles. The visual analog scale was used to assess pain severity. The ${\chi}^2$-test, one-way analysis of variance, and the paired t-test were used for statistical evaluation. Results We compared the severity of pain between the 2 groups. There was a significant change in the mean pain score during the first (P<0.001) and second months (P<0.001) after the use of Menstrugole, compared with that in the placebo group. Conclusion Menstrugole decreased pain severity in female students, and can be considered by health care providers for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.42 no.7
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• pp.965-973
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate a self-care program for elders with osteoarthritis managed by primary health care workers, Community Health Practitioners (CHPs), in rural Korea. Methods: The self-care program, consisting of 7 areas, was evaluated with a randomized experimental study for patients over age 60 with osteoarthritis in which 150 participants in the experimental group and 140 in the control group were compared. The self-care program was implemented for six weeks, 2 hours per week, at community health posts by CHPs. Data were collected using an interview questionnaire given by the CHPs and laboratory tests before and after the intervention for both groups. Propensity score matching analysis was done to test effectiveness after controlling for confounding variables. Results: The intervention group showed a significant decrease in the number of painful joints (p<.001) and a significant increase in self-care ability (p<.05) compared to the control group. Conclusion: Study results indicate that training and utilizing primary health care workers in rural areas is valuable in increasing the generalization and continuity of intervention programs. As arthritis should be managed life-long, CHP directed self-care programs are useful interventions for rural elders with arthritis to learn self-care management.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.69 no.5
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• pp.354-360
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• 2010

Background: Primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the lung is a rare entity. It is represented commonly as marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) type. Although there have been a few reviews of this lymphoma, clinical features, radiologic findings, management and prognosis have not been well defined. Methods: We reviewed the medical records of 24 patients with primary pulmonary lymphoma between January 1995 and September 2008; all diagnoses had been confirmed based on pathology. Results: The median follow-up time was 42.3 months (range, 0.1~131.2 months). Five (20.8%) patients were asymptomatic, 17 (70.8%) patients had pulmonary symptoms, and the remaining 2 (8.3%) patients presented with constitutional symptoms. There were 16 (66.7%) patients with MALT lymphoma, 4 (16.7%) patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and 4 (16.7%) patients with lymphoma that had not received a WHO classification. Radiologic findings of primary pulmonary lymphoma were diverse and multiple nodule or consolidation was the most common finding regardless of pathologic lymphoma type. PET scan was carried out in 13 (54.2%) patients and all lesions showed notable FDG uptake. MALT lymphoma showed a trend of better prognosis (3-year survival, 78.8% vs. 70.0%; 5-year survival, 78.8% vs. 52.5%; p=0.310) than non-MALT lymphoma. Conclusion: Primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the lung occurs with nonspecific clinical features and radiologic findings. MALT lymphoma is the most common pathologic type of primary pulmonary lymphoma. This entity of lymphoma appears to have a good prognosis and in this study, there was a trend of better outcome than non-MALT lymphoma.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.60 no.6
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• pp.673-677
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• 2006

Most malignant mesenchymal tumors of the lung are metastases of a primary tumor from elsewhere in the body. A primary pulmonary synovial sarcoma is a very rare neoplasm that accounts for approximately 10% of soft tissue sarcomas and makes up only 0.5% of all primary lung malignancies. We report a case of a primary pulmonary synovial sarcoma in a 60-year old woman. In this case, a lung metastasis was excluded using 18F-FDG PET /CT imaging.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.339-346
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• 2018

Background: Workplace bulling is a pervasive phenomenon with negative consequences for the health of victims and the productivity of organizations. The aim of this study was to measure the prevalence and forms of workplace bullying among employees working at the public health-care sector of Cyprus using the Greek version of Leymann Inventory of Psychological Terror (LIPT) instrument. Methods: A translation process was followed from the French to the Greek version of LIPT questionnaire. Test-retest reliability expressed by Pearson's correlation coefficient was 0.98 indicating excellent reproducibility. Internal consistency reliability assessed by Cronbach ${\alpha}$ coefficient was 0.87 suggesting high reliability. LIPT instrument was distributed among 403 employees working at the primary health-care setting and at the largest public hospital of Cyprus with response rate of 73.4%. Results: Women comprised the majority of participants (71.4%). Mean age was 43.3 years. Prevalence of workplace bulling according to Leymann's definition was 5.9%. Most common forms of bullying were "Being continuously interrupted" (17.2%) and "continuously being given new work assignments" (13.5%). Women were significantly more often exposed to at least one mobbing behavior than men within the previous year (49% vs. 35.7%, p = 0.038), whereas nurses were significantly exposed to at least one mobbing behavior as compared to physicians (53.3% vs. 31.4%, p = 0.004). Conclusion: This was the first study that examined the prevalence of workplace bullying in the public health-care sector by elaborating the Greek version of LIPT instrument. Results showed that workplace bullying is a common and complex phenomenon among health-care organizations.

• Journal of Home Health Care Nursing
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.250-258
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• 2020

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between nursing work environment, patient safety culture, and patient safety nursing activities in hemodialysis units at primary care centers. Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, 116 nurses working in hemodialysis units at 22 primary care centers were enrolled as participants. They were selected them by the convenience sampling method. Data were collected using structured questionnaires that included questions on general characteristics, nursing work environment, patient safety culture, and patient safety nursing activities. Results: The nursing work environment was relatively good; however, the patient safety culture and patient safety nursing activities were poor. A positive correlation was found between nursing work environment, patient safety culture, and patient safety nursing activities. Factors that affect patient safety culture were rated high in the order of nursing work environment and patient safety nursing activities, and factors affecting patient safety nursing activities were rated high in the order of patient safety culture and age. Conclusion: This study showed that the development of tailored patient safety training for nurses in hemodialysis units working in primary care and administrative support from those institutions are needed. In particular, strategies accounting for nurses' characteristics such as age are required to strengthen patient safety nursing activities.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.565-576
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• 2020

This study compares and analyzes satisfaction with Korean and Canadian primary medical care based on a survey of Koreans living in Canada. Based on data collected from Koreans who live in Canada, a paired sample t-test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and GLM were used. The main conclusions of this study are as follows. First, overall satisfaction with Korean primary care was high. Second, the results of the analysis were stable, regardless of gender, age, education, and residential area. Third, overall satisfaction with Korean medical care was higher than for medical care in Canada. Fourth, satisfaction was high in terms of treatment skill and technology, and promptness in appointments, but was low in terms of medical expense. Fifth, there was a high level of confidence in physician skills and practices, but there was no significant difference in terms of sufficient counseling and explanations. Finally, the survey found that the tendency to increase medical treatment volume in order to increase a physician's own income was large. As a result of detailed analysis, it was concluded that Korea's primary care is more competitive than in Canada, but the primary medical doctors' patient interview and explanation obligations, and incentives to control income and medical expenses, need to be improved.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.30-35
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• 1977

Health care conditions in Korea are gradually improving along with the economic and social development. However, the volume of disease is still great, especially in rural areas. This study attempts, therefore, to initiate a comprehensive proposal of rural health care delivery system. The proposal is constructed three parts, problem of health care system, medical cost, medical education system. The proposal consist of the following components: I. The health care system 1. health sub-center is required to be locate in "Myun" the basis administrative unit of local government for delivering primary health care. But, in the viewpoint of medical economics, the primary health care is operated cautiously. 2. Health center is desirable to provide health services in coordinating the health sub-center and other private health institution. 3. The secondary health care is performed in regional combination hospitals, and the attitude that doctors accomodate this system is required. II. The medical cost, Insurance In the expenditure of medical care, the method of a third person's payment is required absolutely. III. The medical education system. 1. The medical education system (process) is changed from the medical education to regional doctor education. 2 In the nurse education system. nursing technical high school is resurrected.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.69-76
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• 2001

It is generally said that primary health care is the base of health delivery system. But in Korea, the primary care have not performed its roles well. To resolve these problems, the government has elaborate some policy measures. One of them is 'Attending Hospital System'. The purposes of this study are to understand Attending Hospital System and to anticipate the change of general hospital and clinic by this regulation.