• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제32권11B호
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• pp.709-717
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• 2007

네트워크 서비스의 요금제는 경제적 효율성과 더불어 네트워크의 혼잡 제어라는 목적도 가지고 있다. 사용자들에 의해 공유되는 링크를 기반으로 네트워크 서비스를 제공하는 독점 공급자는 링크의 대역폭 제약 하에서 수익을 극대화하면서 사용자가 요구한 대역폭을 보장할 수 있는 요금제를 필요로 한다. 이 경우 비선형 요금제는 서비스 제공자의 목적과 사용자들의 다양한 요구를 만족시킬 수 있는 효율적인 요금제이다. 본 연구에서는 대역폭을 제공하는 네트워크 서비스에서 공유 링크의 대역폭 제약이 존재할 때 비선형 요금제가 어떻게 적용될 수 있는지 효용함수와 사용자 수요 특성의 확률 분포를 중심으로 살펴보고, 사용자의 수요 특성이 멱급수 법칙을 따르는 경우 비선형 요금제의 결과로 단위 대역폭당 가격이 일정한 선형 요금제가 나타날 수 있음을 보인다. 또한 사용자의 수요 분포에 대한 불완전한 정보를 가진 서비스 제공자가 네트워크의 혼잡도로부터 최적 요금제를 찾는 방법을 소개하고, 연구 결과에 근거하여 인터넷의 발전 방향과 인터넷 요금제의 관계를 생각한다.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2004년도 ICEIC The International Conference on Electronics Informations and Communications
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• pp.189-192
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• 2004

This paper focuses on a TCP window-based flow control mechanism with Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN). We investigate the fundamental problem of achieving a fair window control for TCP, which cooperates with ECN. This is done by using feedback congestion pricing as a means of estimating the state of bottleneck router. The problem is solved by achieving network optimal performance, which maximize the total user utilities. We then look at the simulation of such scheme.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 1999년도 하계학술대회 논문집 C
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• pp.1202-1204
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• 1999

This paper proposes a value-based pricing suitable for deregulation situation in electricity market, where the value is measured based on the service quality such as system reliability. The proposed approach makes it possible to maximize social welfare, in that diversified service can produce the optimal combination set of demand and supply. The proposed pricing can also be applied to a direct load control.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.183-192
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• 2014

This paper proposes a payment-based power control scheme using non-cooperative game with a novel pricing function in cognitive radio networks (CRNs). The proposed algorithm considers the fairness of power control among second users (SUs) where the value of per SU' signal to noise ratio (SINR) or distance between SU and SU station is used as reference for punishment price setting. Due to the effect of uncertainty fading environment, the system is unable to get the link gain coefficient to control SUs' transmission power accurately, so the quality of service (QoS) requirements of SUs may not be guaranteed, and the existence of Nash equilibrium (NE) is not ensured. Therefore, an alternative iterative scheme with sliding model is presented for the non-cooperative power control game algorithm. Simulation results show that the pricing policy using SUs' SINR as price punishment reference can improve total throughput, ensure fairness and reduce total transmission power in CRNs.

• KIEE International Transactions on Power Engineering
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• 제5A권3호
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• pp.228-234
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• 2005

This paper presents the evaluation of reactive power pricing through the control of generator voltages under the assumption that the reactive power market has been transformed into the real power market. By applying the concept of economic dispatch, which minimizes the total cost of real power generation to reactive power generation, the algorithm for implementing reactive power pricing is proposed to determine the optimum voltage profiles of generators. It consists of reactive power voltage equation, the objective function that minimizes the total cost of reactive power generation, and linear analysis of inequality constraints in relation to the load voltages. From this algorithm, the total cost of the reactive power generation can be yielded to the minimum value within network constraints as the range of load voltages. This may provide the fair and reasonable price information for reactive power generation in the deregulated electricity market. The proposed algorithm has been tested on the IEEE 14-bus system using MATLAB.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제8권7호
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• pp.2281-2301
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• 2014

In wireless ad hoc networks the nodes focus on achieving the maximum SINR for efficient data transmission. In order to achieve maximum SINR the nodes culminate in exhausting the battery power for successful transmissions. This in turn affects the successful transmission of the other nodes as the maximum transmission power opted by each node serves as a source of interference for the other nodes in the network. This paper models the choice of power for each node as a non cooperative game where the throughput of the network with respect to the consumption of power is formulated as a utility function. We propose an adaptive pricing scheme that encourages the nodes to use minimum transmission power to achieve target SINR at the Nash equilibrium and improve their net utility in multiuser scenario.

• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.354-363
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• 2016

Due to uncertain environment, various parameters such as price, queuing length, warranty, and so on influence on inventory models. In this paper, an inventory-queuing-pricing problem with continuous review inventory control policy and batch arrival queuing approach, is presented. To best of our knowledge, (I) demand function is stochastic and price dependent; (II) due to the uncertainty in real-world situations, a fuzzy programming approach is applied. Therefore, the presented model with goal of maximizing total profit of system analyzes the price and order quantity decision variables. Since the proposed model belongs to NP-hard problems, Pareto-based approaches based on non-dominated ranking and sorting genetic algorithm are proposed and justified to solve the model. Several numerical illustrations are generated to demonstrate the model validity and algorithms performance. The results showed the applicability and robustness of the proposed soft-computing-based approaches to analyze the problem.

• 한국산업정보학회논문지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.17-25
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• 2003

현재의 대역폭 매카니즘에서 서비스 공급자는 그들 도메인 안에서 보장된 대역폭을 공급하고 있다. 네트워크에서 가능한 대역폭을 개선할지라도 대역폭 요구가 더 빨리 증가하기 때문에 인터넷에서의 혼잡관리는 매우 중요하며 미래의 네트워크 안정성에 커다란 영향을 줄 것이다. 인터넷 사용자의 사용시간을 조절할 전략이 필요하다. 혼잡이 발생할 경우 경매 제도를 기반으로 한 차등요금제를 적용함으로 차별적인 서비스가 일어나는 인터넷 시장개념은 차세대 혼잡을 해결할 수 있는 유일한 대안 중의 하나가 될 것이다. 이 논문에서 통계적으로 보장된 QoS를 위해 구별되는 서비스와 요금계획을 제안한다.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.484-492
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• 2016

Smart grid (SG) technology is now elevating the conventional power grid system to one that functions more cooperatively, responsively, and economically. When applied in an SG the demand side management (DSM) technique can improve its reliability by dynamically changing electricity consumption or rescheduling it. In this paper, we propose a new SG scheduling scheme that uses the DSM technique. To achieve effective SG management, we adopt a mixed pricing strategy based on the Rubinstein-Stahl bargaining game and a repeated game model. The proposed game-based pricing strategy provides energy routing for effective energy sharing and allows consumers to make informed decisions regarding their power consumption. Our approach can encourage consumers to schedule their power consumption profiles independently while minimizing their payment and the peak-to-average ratio (PAR). Through a simulation study, it is demonstrated that the proposed scheme can obtain a better performance than other existing schemes in terms of power consumption, price, average payment, etc.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제63권8호
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• pp.1025-1032
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• 2014

The effective energy management method will provide the significant advantage to the residential customers under real time pricing plan since it can reduce the electricity charge by controlling the energy consumption according to electricity rate. The earlier studies for load management mainly aim to minimize the electricity charges and peak power but put a less emphasis on the human comfort dwelling in the residence. The discomfort and displeasure from the energy management only focusing on reduction of electricity charge will make the residential customer reluctant to enroll the real time pricing plan. In this paper, therefore, we propose optimal load control strategy which aim to achieve not only minimizing the electricity charges but also maintaining human comfort by introducing "the human comfort coefficient." Using the human comfort coefficient, the energy management system can reflect the various human personality and control the loads within the range that the human comfort is maintained. Simulation results show that proposed load control strategy leads to significant reduction in the electricity charges and peak power in comparison with the conventional load management method.