• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.121-148
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• 2005

This study focuses on MRO e-Marketplace and attempts to research how companies select the structure of e-Marketplace governance and how it influences purchasing performance. Furthermore, a longitudinal study is conducted to analyze the dynamic relationship between variables in our research model. The research gives the following results. First, as the utilization level of e-Marketplace increases, the level of relational exchange between purchasing company and e-Marketplace increases. The increased utilization level enhances purchasing efficiency rather than reducing purchasing price. Secondly, as the level of relational exchange between purchasing companies and e-Marketplace increases, system integration increases, whereas supply externality decreases. Accordingly, system integration improves purchasing efficiency, whereas the low supply externality does not help lower purchasing price. Third, compared to the initial growth stage, the stable stage of e-Marketplace has the significantly increased level of relational exchange and purchasing efficiency through system integration, rather than the reduction of purchasing price by supply externality.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2003년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1406-1409
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• 2003

There is a great demand for reducing the amount of material used in mass-produced plastics parts, for material cost constitutes a large percentage of the total cost of 60%. It may be noted that the price of plastics is directly rotated to the price of petroleum. Material reduction therefore decreases the amount of oil needed for the manufacture of plastics and thus help conserve this natural resource. Therefore microcellular foaming process(MCPs) was studied for solving this problems alternatively in 1980's at M.I.T Until now in MCPs carbon dioxide gas was mainly used for microcellular foaming. Besides, Talc was used for reducing the price of plastics. Consequently, we must certificate using the Talc in MCPs according to contents of the Talc.

• 대한산업공학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.322-328
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• 2007

Highly standardized products are suitable for automated purchasing using electronic commerce technology, where the price becomes the most important factor. Suppliers can change the prices dynamically based on the inventory level and market situation in order to maximize the sales and profit. In the virtual marketplace where multiple customers purchase multiple standardized products from multiple suppliers repetitively, customers can purchase the required amount of each item as a dynamic bidding by allocating purchase orders to the suppliers based on the current price. Customers need a method to quickly determine the optimal allocation of orders to the suppliers using the dynamically changing data to minimize the total cost. We present a LP model which minimizes the sum of the total price plus transportation cost for this problem. Simulation results using random data show meaningful reduction of the total cost.

• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.923-946
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• 2007

지구온난화에 따른 온실가스 감축이 국가적인 관심사로 대두됨에 따라, 정부는 기후변화협약에 대응하기 위하여 온실가스 감축사업에 대한 다양한 지원 정책을 추진하고 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 온실가스 감축사업에 대한 정부 지원 정책들 중에서 경매 방식에 의한 지원의 경제적인 효과를 분석하는 것이다. 분석 결과, 경매 방식에 의하여 50억 원의 예산으로 온실가스 감축사업을 지원할 경우, 톤당 8,000원씩 총 61만 2,000톤의 온실가스 저감량에 대한 지원이 가능한 것으로 나타났다. 또한 감축사업으로 인한 부가적인 수익인 에너지 절감액을 감안할 경우에는 전체41개 저감사업으로 인한 총 저감량인 101만 톤에 대하여 톤당 4,900원의 지원이 가능한 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 정부 지원 정책은 온실가스 감축을 유도하여 향후 직면하게 될 온실가스 감축 국가 의무를 달성하기 위한 학습효과의 습득이라는 차원에서 그 의미가 있다고 할 것이다.

• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.319-342
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• 2022

본 연구는 2019년 부산광역시 일부 자치구의 종량제봉투 가격 인하 사례를 이용하여 자연실험 합성집단통제 이중차분법을 통해 종량제봉투 가격이 생활폐기물 배출량에 미치는 영향을 분석했다. 수요 및 가격탄력도를 추정할 때 흔히 발생할 수 있는 내생성 문제를 고려하기 위해 가격 동결 자치구를 합성통제집단으로, 가격 인하 자치구를 처치집단으로 설정하여 분석했다. 분석 결과, 수요의 가격탄력도는 0.05~0.11 수준으로 종량제봉투 가격은 판매량에 거의 영향을 미치지 못했다. 종량제봉투는 필수재적 성격이 강하고 가구 소득에서 차지하는 비중이 매우 작기 때문으로 보인다. 이는 종량제봉투의 수요곡선이 거의 수직에 가까우므로 폐기물 감소 목표 달성을 위해서는 가격정책 보다 수요곡선 자체를 이동시킬 수 있는 정책이 더욱 효과적일 수 있음을 시사한다.

• 한국경영과학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.49-64
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• 2000

A vendor supplies a product to a sole/major buyer on a lot-for-lot basis under deterministic inventory control conditions. The basic premise is that the setup cost reduction technologies are available to both the buyer and the vendor, and that the vendor's inventory and setup reduction investment costs differ from the buyer's. Therefore, an individually designed ordering and setup cost reduction policy will likely cause mismatches between the vendor's and the buyer's optimal cycle times. For this situation, we show that a joint optimal setup cost reduction and ordering policy, together with an appropriate side payment(quantity discount or premium price) schedule, can be designed in a spirit in a spirit of coordination to eliminate mismatches in individual optimal cycle times.

• East Asian Economic Review
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.237-252
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• 2020

This paper characterizes the optimal reciprocal trade policy in the environment of Melitz (2003) with firm productivity heterogeneity. In particular, without making parametric assumptions on firm productivity distribution, this paper derives the optimal degree of reciprocal tariff reductions that maximize the world welfare. A reciprocal import subsidy raises the industry productivity, lowering aggregate price; a reciprocal import tariff helps correct the markup distortion, increasing nominal income. With all the conflicting effects of import tariffs on welfare considered, the optimal degree of reciprocity in multilateral tariff reduction is shown to be free trade.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제55권
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• pp.3-32
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• 2012

CISG article 74 establishes the general formula applicable in all cases where an aggrieved party is entitled to recover damages. It provides that damages for breach of contract comprise all losses, including loss of profits, caused by the breach, to the extent that these losses were foreseeable by the breaching party at the time the contract was concluded. An aggrieved party may claim under article 74 even if entitled to claim under article 75 or 76. The latter articles explicitly provide that an aggrieved party may recover additional damages under article 74. Articles 75 and 76 apply only in cases where the contract has been avoided. Article 75 measures damages concretely by reference to the price in a substitute transactions, while article 76 measures damages abstractly by reference to the current market price. Article 76 (1) provides that an aggrieved party may not calculate damages under article 76 if it has concluded a substitute transaction under article 75. If however, an aggrieved party concludes a substitute transaction for less than the contract quantity, both articles 75 and 76 may apply. Pursuant to article 77, damages recoverable under articles 74, 75 or 76 are reduced if it is established that the aggrieved party failed to mitigate losses. The reduction is the amount by which the loss should have been mitigated. Article 78 entitles a party to interest on the price and any other sum that is in arrears.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.285-291
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• 2015

Many Koreans have the question about the price of food: whether the price of Korean food is reasonable or not? Even though some previous studies tried to discuss and analyze the price system of Korean food, few papers clearly present the implication about production cost or marketing margin of processing food. The purpose of this paper is to measure and analyze the production cost and marketing margin of tofu and kimchi, which are one of the main food in Korea, through the raw-data of FIS, KAMIS, and other data from Korean business area. The results of studies present a few findings as follows: First, the proportion of labor cost in the production cost is very important factor and need to be decreased for the lower consumer price. Especially, the lower proportion of labor cost in kimchi industry should be important issue, even though the reduction of proportion of labor cost in kimchi industry is not easy in the real world. Second, each marketing channel of processed food shows different marketing margin. Therefore, Korean government need to increase the level of competition of marketing channels, which makes each business is forced to decrease the marketing margin to survive the market competition in Korea.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제16권9호
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• pp.5843-5849
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• 2015

본 연구는 단감농가의 생산비절감방안 모색을 위해 생산요소 수요구조를 분석했다. 2001~2013년간 농산물소득조사 원자료를 이용해 초월대수 비용함수를 추정하고 노동, 자본, 중간투입재간 가격 및 대체탄력성을 계측했다. 분석결과 생산요소 모두 가격변화에 따른 수요변화가 크지 않고 특히 비용부담이 가장 큰 노동의 가격상승에 따른 타 생산요소의 대체성이 낮아 구조적으로 단기간에 노동 수요를 줄이기는 어려운 것으로 나타났다. 이는, 생산비절감을 위해서는 노동에 비해 수요가 탄력적인 중간투입재, 특히 탄력성이 큰 비료와 기타재료비를 중심으로 비용절감이 이뤄져야함을 시사한다.