• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.11-21
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• 2024

In the steel industry, there is a perception that "collusion has become a long-standing practice" and it is expected that the authorities' legal response to collusion will be strengthened in the future. This necessarily requires improving the accuracy of the legal response, the most important of which is to accurately identify whether the allegedly colluding firms actually did collude. This study focuses on the recent iron scrap price-fixing case and examines whether a single accused firm actually engaged in price-fixing in a situation where there is a mix of firms that acted independently of the collusion and firms that actually engaged in price-fixing. The results of the analysis allow us to infer that the accused steelmaker did not actually collude, which is consistent with the authorities' final judgment against the steelmaker. In the real world, some collusions are carried out by only a subset of firms in a market, and in these cases, there are often disputed firms as to whether or not they carried out the collusion. This study can serve as an analytic guide for industries, including the steel industry, to verify the behavior of individual firms, especially those whose collusive practices are disputed.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.43-50
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• 2012

This study sets out to examine how a brand image that matches the advertising model has a positive impact on brand attitude and price fairness perceptions. We reviewed the constructs on the basis of previous studies and each of the concepts has been redefined. One such concept, "image congruence," refers to the harmony, fitness, and matching quality of images. For example, how well celebrity advertising model is matches the brand image shows image congruence. Results are summarized as follows: First, the congruence of brand image and sports advertising model has no significant impact on brand attitude certainty and persistence. Second, the individual's brand attitude certainty and brand attitude persistence has a positive impact on the perceptions of price fairness. Third, the congruence of brand image and sports advertising model has a positive impact on the perceptions of price fairness. The first and the third results suggest that the positive impact on the price fairness perceptions is temporary but it has insignificant effects on the formation of brand attitude causing ongoing purchases. In other words, in order to influence consumers' long-term confidence on the brand, improving the quality of products or services has to precede promotional strategies such as advertising. When an advertising model is inappropriate for the brand image, consumers perceive product price changes as a negative issue in the short term. However, in the long term, attitude formation such as consumers' repurchase intentions and word of mouth will be not affected. The second result suggests that an already existing positive brand attitude can contribute more positively to change the perceptions of price fairness. In particular, attitude persistence has greater influence than attitude certainty on the price fairness. It suggests that persistence issues such as the trading period and the frequency of transactions must be managed and controlled because they are more important than the certainty issues such as strength of belief or trust. For example, when a commercial model for expensive sporting goods matches up with the brand image, consumer feels less pressure on the price changes. However, it does not determine the consumer's repeated purchases or sustainable transactions and it also has no absolute impact on the brand trust. In other words, consumer brand attitude should be recognized and approached as a routine strategy in view of the result that it is of great value as a causal variable in the process of consumer decision-making.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.577-587
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• 2012

This study was conducted to investigate the consumption pattern and perception of traditional soy sauce and soybean paste products in male and female adults aged 19 and over in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do areas in order to promote the development of the products' industry. The survey was conducted between October 1 to October 15, 2011 among 294 male and female adults aged 19 years and over in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do areas. The gender distribution of the subjects was 33.3% males and 66.7% females. For a perception on traditional dietary life, the degree for enjoying meals with cooked rice as the staple food revealed that 32.3% of the subjects responded 'strongly agree'. The intake frequency of traditional soy sauce and soybean paste products in the subjects of the study showed that in the case of doenjang, 49.7% of the participants consumed it twice a week and 21.4% consumed it once a week. For gochujang, 59.9% consumed it twice a week and 19.0% consumed it once a week. The perception on the preparation method for traditional soy sauce and soybean paste products showed a low level for traditional soy sauce and soybean paste products. The reason for purchasing traditional foods showed that 77.6% of the subjects made purchases for convenience and 8.2% purchased it for its small package. For the subjects, the priority for purchasing traditional soy sauce and soybean paste products was as follows: in the first rank, ingredients & origin made up 33.7% and price comprised of 26.2% of the priority. Regarding satisfaction for soy sauce and soybean paste products in the market, the degree of satisfaction was high for gochujang. With regard to gender difference, female subjects showed a significantly lower satisfaction for cheonggukjang and kuk-ganjang, and a significantly higher satisfaction for chin-ganjang, compared to the male subjects. The results of the study depicted that consumer's requirement was high for traditional soy sauce and soybean paste products in the market, particularly for the safety of the products in the market. Consumer satisfaction was relatively positive yet, some efforts are needed in order to improve the quality of cheonggukjang and kuk-ganjang.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.265-278
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• 2004

With the development of national economy and increase of income, consumers' demand for quality and safe agricultural products have increased and perception on environmental-friendly Farming products has been sharply changing. In other words, consumers increasingly show the tendency to prefer environmental-friendly farming products for considering health and environment protection, despite higher price. The environmental-friendly farming products in Jeonnam Province is still at its early stage, accounting for 1% or so of the total products. Considerable part of environment-friendly farming products, nevertheless, difficult problem to End consumers, thus sold at relatively high prices. To the questionnaire asking their most severe difficulty is about 30.5% for sale. This suggests that strategies for consumption expansion of environment-friendly farming products, including of consumers, confidence, publicity of consumers, should be established to increase the income of environmental-friendly farmers in Jeonnam Province.

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.63-77
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• 2003

Group buying is one of the most popular transaction patterns on the internet at least in Korea. Nevertheless, it is hard to find academic researches for it in view of consumer behavior. In this paper, we analyze factors which determine consumer's attitude toward and intention of participation in Internet group buying by comparison of Internet individual one. For this purpose, we propose “lowering price”, “decreasing risk” and “reducing transaction cost” as relative advantages and "lack of product assortment" and "delay of time" as relative disadvantages over individual buying on the Internet. For empirical test, Internet users who have some experiences of individual buying but not group ones on the Internet are surveyed and analyzed. In result, a satisfying model fitness for structural equation model is derived and most hypotheses except the relationship between "decreasing risk" and "attitude toward Internet group buying" are accepted. Our results provide not only academic contribution by suggestion of a research framework but also practical insight by discussion of diverse features in Internet group buying.verse features in Internet group buying.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.161-172
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• 2001

누진요금에서의 수요행위는 그 복잡성으로 인해 많은 논의를 불러 왔다. 그러한 논의 중 주요한 하나는 과연 소비자들이 한계가격에 반응하는가 아니면 평균가격에 반응하는가이다. 본 연구에서 우리는 서울시 가정용 상수도 수요 자료를 사용하여 체증 누진요금에서의 가격인식 행동을 분석하였다. Shin (1985)의 방법론이 분석을 위하여 사용되었으며, 내생성 문제를 해결하기 위해 도구변수 추정법이 사용되었다. 분석 결과 서울의 경우에는 소비자들이 한계가격보다는 평균가격에 반응함을 알 수 있었다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.25 no.2_2
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• pp.315-322
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• 2022

Apartments are being established as a universal housing type because of the perception that they are excellent in preservation of asset values and convenience. In this study, through multiple regression analysis, it is a thesis that explores whether it affects the housing market in Gimhae, a small and medium-sized city in the province, and how the price flow in neighboring cities has an effect. It is possible to examine how macroeconomic variables such as the balloon effect and the lowest interest rate caused by the government's tweezers regulation bring about changes in the housing market of small and medium-sized cities in local regions.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.33-51
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• 2015

This study investigates which variables most effectively influence the positioning strategy of a brand. In addition, we test the connection between the positioning strategy of the brand and loyalty. Finally, we explore how brand experience effects the relationship between brand position and brand loyalty. To this end, this study employs the street-intercept method to collect data on consumers' perception of home appliances in Japan and conducts structural equation modeling analysis to test our hypotheses. Specifically, we find that assessments of product, service, and image have a significant impact on a brand's position which, in turn, drives brand loyalty. In addition, brand experience seems to moderate the relationship between service and brand positioning effectiveness. We also find that price promotions negatively affect brand loyalty. The research provides a consumer-centered, experiential view of how firms can develop strategies to more effectively position brands and increase loyalty among their customers. These results help both academics and practitioners to better understand how consumers assess a brand's position in the marketplace.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.100-106
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• 2023

Bundling has become a general promotion strategy in mobile shopping context. Previous research on bundling has mostly focused on bundle frame or price frame. Even though consumers are searching and purchasing the product in mobile channels, little research has investigated the effects of bundling in mobile shopping. The objectives of this study is to examine how different product image of bundle affects consumer's perception and purchase intention differently, and how brand familiarity moderate this influence. A sample of 140 subjects participated in a within-subjects experiment. A bundling composed of two different product image (a single product vs. bundled products) was evaluated by individuals. Brand familiarity (familiar brand vs. unfamiliar brand) were manipulated to test a set of hypotheses. We found that the effectiveness of bundling does not depend on the type of product image and brand familiarity. The findings of our study provide some implications for researchers and marketers. Although there have been studies on the effects of bundle framing on consumer behavior, we suggest new insights regarding bundling based on product image and mobile shopping context.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.99-109
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• 2020

Purpose: This study aims to develop and empirically analyze a research model in order to comprehend the relationship among the service quality of market-wholesaler system, re-transaction intention, and recommendation intention of forwarder. Further, we suggest new six factors reflecting the service quality of market-wholesaler system and highlight market expansion of forwarder as a mechanism in the relationship. Research design, data and methodology: The authors developed the new scales measuring the service quality of market-wholesaler system (i.e. trade price, price fluctuation, payment receipt, settlement period, trade information, and customer service) and conducted a cross-sectional survey for 439 forwarders in a wholesale market. And then we performed a series of path analyses to test hypotheses. The hypotheses are as follows. [H1] The service quality of market-wholesaler system will positively affect forwarders' market expansion, [H2] Forwarders' market expansion will positively affect their re-transaction intention, [H3] Forwarders' market expansion will positively affect their recommendation intention, [H4] Forwarders' re-transaction intention will positively affect their recommendation intention. Results: The results showed that all the six factors for the service quality of market-wholesaler system were positively related to market expansion of forwarders. There was a differential effectiveness in the six factors of the service quality. More specifically, the positive effect of customer service factor was the strongest on market expansion of forwarders. And the respective effects of trade price, price fluctuation, settlement period, trade information factors were followed in order. The positive effect of payment receipt factor was the weakest on market expansion of forwarders. Also, market expansion of forwarders was positively related to their re-transaction intention and recommendation intention. Furthermore, market expansion of forwarders was indirectly related to recommendation intention through re-transaction intention as well. Conclusions: The research findings provide important theoretical and practical implications. This study is the first to attempt to test the perception of forwarders for the service quality of market-wholesaler system by developing and using the new scales. Also, there has been a sharp controversy about the effectiveness of market-wholesaler system. The findings support that market-wholesaler system would be activated by empirically verifying the effectiveness of the service quality on the various outcomes.