• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.381-392
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• 2013

This study analyzed the effects of internet fashion consumer characteristics and shopping motivation on price sensitivity as well as the effect of price sensitivity on negative purchasing behavior. A survey was conducted from August 10 to September 20 in 2012 and 364 responses were used in the data analysis. The statistical analysis methods were frequency analysis, factor analysis, reliability analysis, and multiple regression analysis. The characteristics of internet fashion consumers were composed of innovation tendency, impulse buying tendency, information orientation, and variety seeking tendency. Shopping motivation was composed of convenient motivation, social motivation, hedonic motivation, product motivation, and economic motivation. The information orientation and variety seeking tendency of internet fashion consumers influenced the price search. The innovation tendency, impulse buying tendency, and variety seeking tendency of internet fashion consumers influenced the price importance. Convenient motivation, hedonic motivation, and product motivation positively affected the price search; however, social motivation negatively affected the price search. The social motivation, hedonic motivation, and economic motivation of internet fashion consumers positively affected price importance. Price search and price importance influenced the purchasing delay; in addition, price search influenced the switching intention. The results of this study provide useful information for customer management and internet shopping mall marketing strategies.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.1-18
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• 2018

In this study, the effects of anticipated regret and perceived uncertainty on price sensitivity or purchase hesitation in overseas purchasing are analyzed along with the effects of price sensitivity on purchase hesitation. The survey was conducted among internet fashion consumers with experience in overseas purchasing and 480 responses were used in the data analysis. The results showed the psychosocial anticipated regret positively influenced the price importance, and the service, product and psychosocial anticipated regret positively influenced the price search. The preference and psychology uncertainty positively influenced the price importance, and the information and psychology uncertainty positively influenced the price search. The price importance positively influenced payment stage hesitation and shopping cart abandonment, and the price search positively influenced purchase hesitation in overseas purchasing. The functional, service and psychosocial anticipated regret positively influenced payment stage hesitation, and the service and psychosocial anticipated regret positively influenced shopping cart abandonment and overall purchase hesitation. In addition, the perceived uncertainty positively influenced the payment stage hesitation, and the information and psychology uncertainty positively influenced the shopping cart abandonment and overall purchase hesitation. The results of this study will be helpful for developing the marketing strategy for customer relationship management for overseas internet shopping web-sites.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.71-77
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• 2012

Hangwa is a traditional food, corresponding to the current consumption trend, in need of marketing strategies to extend its consumption. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to analyze consumers’ consumption patterns and perception of Hangwa to increase consumption in the market. A questionnaire was sent to 250 consumers by e-mail from Oct 8~23, 2009 and the data from 231 persons were analyzed in this study. Statistical, descriptive, paired samples t-test, and importance-performance analyses were conducted using SPSS WIN 17.0. According to the results, Hangwa was purchased mainly 'for present' (39.8%) and the main reasons for buying it were 'traditional image' (33.3%) and 'taste' (22.5%). When importance and performance of attributes considered in purchasing Hangwa were evaluated, performance was assessed to be lower than importance for all attributes. The attributes in the first quadrant with a high importance and a high performance were ‘a sanitary process’, ‘a rigorous quality mark’ and ‘taste’, which were related with quality of the products. In addition, those with a high importance but a low performance were ‘popularization through advertisement’, ‘promotion through mass media’, ‘conversion of thought on traditional foods’, ‘a reasonable price’ and ‘a wide range of price’. In conclusion, Hangwa manufacturers need to diversify products and extend the expiration date based on technologies to promote its consumption. In terms of price, Hangwa should become more available by lowering the price barrier for consumers who are sensitive to price.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.1-20
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to identify the criteria of evaluating a price-comparison website, and to investigate the consumers' perceived importance and satisfaction of each criterion. Also, it compared both the importance and satisfaction levels based on consumers' socio-economic and Internet-usage characteristics. Data for this study came from a questionnaire completed by consumers (n=417), who had used the price-comparison website, and were analyzed through factor analysis, t-test, and ANOVA. The findings of the study were as follows: First, the evaluation criteria of the price-comparison website were categorized into five variety of information, accuracy, convenience, credibility, and the website system. Second, convenience of searching information was seen by consumers as both the most important and most satisfactory criterion. Variety of information was also considered important. For most of the evaluation criteria, the level of consumers' satisfaction was significantly lower than the level of consumers' recognized importance. Third, consumers in their 20s, students, and housewives were less likely to be satisfied by the price-comparison website overall. Older people were less likely to be satisfied with the convenience of the website, and the higher-income group was less likely to be satisfied with the variety of information on hand.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.106-120
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• 2015

This study analyzed the effects of website and consumer's characteristics on price sensitivity as well as the effects of price sensitivity on repurchasing and switching intention. It ascertains differences in: website and consumer's characteristics, price sensitivity, and repurchasing and switching intention according to type of internet shopping mall. A survey was conducted from July 10 to August 20 in 2013, and 492 responses were used for data analysis. As a result, the reputation, ease of price search, and depth of product information positively influenced the price search and the interactivity of website characteristics positively influenced price importance. Product knowledge and information search of fashion consumers positively influenced price sensitivity. Also, the price sensitivity of internet fashion consumer positively influenced repurchasing intention. The price search positively affected the switching intention, while the price importance negatively affected the switching intention. Last, there were significant differences in the reputation, ease of price search, information search, price sensitivity, repurchasing and switching intention according to type of internet shopping mall.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.89-96
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the importance and satisfaction with Korean food for foreigners living in Busan with consideration for nationalities, for the sake of improving satisfaction with Korean food. The research was performed using questionnaires and conducted from August 14 to September 30, 2011 for 376 foreigners in Busan. Total mean scores for the importance (4.01/5.00) and satisfaction (3.59/5.00) of Korean food attributes were significantly different (p<0.01). The gaps of the importance score and satisfaction score were -0.91 for cleanliness of food, -0.74 for taste, -0.70 for quality, and -0.68 for smell. Mean scores of satisfaction for Americans and Europeans (3.69) and Southeast Asians (3.78) were significantly (p<0.01) higher than those of Japanese (3.44) and Chinese (3.43) descent. Notably high importance and low satisfaction attributes of Korean food broken down by nationality were cleanliness for Americans/Europeans; quality and cleanliness for Japanese; texture and price for Chinese; and taste, smell, and price for Southeast Asians. Attributes rated with high importance and satisfaction were health benefits, nutrition, and quality for Americans/Europeans, Chinese, and Southeast Asians; taste and price for Americans/Europeans and Japanese; and cleanliness for Chinese and Southeast Asians.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.377-388
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• 2011

Different from earlier studies which investigated Chinese market from the perspective of macro strategy, this study compares importance of marketing-mix between Korean and Chinese consumers from that of basic marketing. As elements of marketing-mix for the comparison, product quality, brand, product price, atmosphere of a shopping store, advertising, and price discount are selected. The survey research was conducted to test hypotheses in major Korea and Chinese cities, Seoul, Pusan, Beijing, and Shanghai, from Jan. to Feb. 2010. A total of 315 respondents born in 1980s were interviewed individually by well-trained Chinese and Korean research assistants. Results show that the importance of the product price is higher among Chinese while the importances of the brand and the advertising are higher among Korean. It is also found that the product quality is evaluated more importantly among Chinese while the atmosphere of the shopping store is among Korean within .1 significance level. The mean difference of the importance of the price discount between both countries' consumers is not found statistically.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.1-10
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• 2015

The purpose of the study was to analyze differences in importance of product selection criteria of retail buyers in Dongdaemum market according to price line of products, annual sales volume of the company, and work period as a retail buyer. The study defined a retail buyer as a buyer who buys apparel products in Dongdaemum market for their own stores. The questionnaire developed by the researchers was distributed to 200 retail buyers in Dongdaemun market. One hundred seventy two questionnaires were used in the final analysis. The data were analyzed by common factor analysis, ANOVA, and Tukey's test using SPSS 18.0/Windows. The results showed that product selection criteria were classified into 4 factors: fashion design, price, quality, and assortment. There were significant differences in importance of product selection criteria by retail buyers in Dongdaemum market according to price line of products and annual sales volume of the company, and work period as a retail buyer. The buyers of higher price products showed higher importance in all four factors of the product selection criteria. Also, the buyers of the company with lower annual sales volume considered price factors more important, but the buyers of the company with higher annual sales volume thought quality factor more important. Moreover, the buyer with work period of less than three years regarded price as a more important factor.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.208-222
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• 2019

Objectives: This study examined the usage status and the degree of satisfaction of university foodservice (UF) perceived by international students in Busan. Methods: A questionnaire survey was conducted on the utilization of UF, improvement requirements, preference type and recipe, as well as the importance and satisfaction of UF quality attributes as perceived by international students (n=604) at universities in the Busan area between April and June 2017. Results: UF was 'generally satisfied' or 'very satisfied' in about 35.4% of the study population, and 'not very satisfied' or 'not satisfied at all' in approximately 11.5%. Approximately 21.7% said that UF contributed to dietary life 'very much' or 'quite significantly' and 36.4% said 'not very much' or 'not at all'. The largest demand for improvement of UF was 'variety of menu' (52.0%). The most leftover food in UF was kimchi (30.3%) and broth/stew (19.2%), and the major reason for having leftover was 'not to one's taste' (27.8%). After dividing the foodservice quality attributes into 5 factors - food quality and price, sanitation, convenience, physical environment, and service environment - and analyzing the importance and satisfaction of each factor, it was shown that satisfaction was generally lower than the degree of importance. Sanitation factor was high for both importance and satisfaction of UF, while convenience factor was high for the importance but low for satisfaction of UF. Four variables in the food quality and price factor ('food taste', 'freshness of food', 'nutritive value of food', and 'reasonable price') and 3 variables in the convenience factor ('variety of menu', 'prompt food service', and 'display of the meals for the day') had high importance but low satisfaction, showing the need for an improvement on these areas. Conclusions: Based on the study results, it is necessary to improve the food quality, as well as the price and convenience factors, and to provide various menus to increase the satisfaction of UF in international students.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.547-559
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• 2018

Consumers are becoming increasingly interested in what kind of value their food has. Many studies have focused on consumers' preferences and willingness to pay for specific food values. However, few studies have asked consumers to consider or rank the importance of different food values. This paper determined consumers' food values by implementing the best-worst scaling approach and segmented consumers based on the relative importance of general food values that consumers place on them. Among a list of eleven food values (taste, safety, origin, appearance, price, environmental impact, naturalness, convenience, nutrition, fairness, and habit) which was compiled from previous studies on food preferences, on average, safety, nutrition, taste, and price were the most important values to consumers, whereas fairness, habit, appearance, convenience, origin, and environmental impact were the least important values. However, significant variation exists among consumers in terms of the relative importance of food values. To investigate the heterogeneity among consumers, a Latent Class Analysis was performed to classify consumers into subgroups based on responses to questions. Two latent classes were found and characterized as 'safety-nutrition' and 'taste-price'. The 'safety-nutrition' cluster represents 61% of the sample and a group of people who find safety and nutrition centered values to be the most important. Another cluster represents about 39% of the sample, and relative to the first group, this group finds price and taste values to be more important.