• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.139-158
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• 2012

This study was intended to classify tie-in promotion tools by the criteria of benefit-fit between consumer and tie-in promotions. Tie-in promotion tools include tie-in price reductions, tie-in coupons, tie-in memberships, tie-in contests, tie-in sweepstakes, tangible and intangible tie-in premiums, tie-in payment terms, tie-in samples, tie-in events(culture event, charity event, experience event) and tie-in fund·rebates. The fit between consumer pursuit benefit and tie-in promotion supplying benefit was used as a classification criteria on the basis of Lee et al.'s study in 2011. For the experiment, one stimuli and 12 scenarioes were developed. 100 pieces of data were obtained for each scenario. As a result, benefit fit was subsequently divided into two factors: hedonic-benefit fit and utilitarian-benefit fit. Tie-in promotion tools were then classified into 4 types: high hedonic benefit-added, high utilitarian benefit-added, low hedonic benefit-added, and low utilitarian benefit-added. In previous research, tie-in promotion type was mainly divided by the evaluative criteria on company's viewpoint such as horizontal/vertical or intra-company/ inter-company, which reflects mutual exclusiveness between two criteria. Whereas, in this study, tie-in promotion type was divided by evaluative criteria on consumer's viewpoint such as hedonic- benefit fit/utilitarian-benefit fit. The classifications in this study practically reflect benefit-added of tie-in promotion type superadded one benefit coexisting two benefits.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.277-288
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• 2005

The proliferation of the internet technologies and applications has intensified business activities on the Internet. This study considered the price competition between two shopping channels, one on-line seller and the other traditional off-line retailer. Based on the Hotelling's linear market model, we derive the Nash and Stackelberg equilibria as a function of the cost parameters which represent the characteristics of the online and off-line channels. By analyzing the equilibrium solutions, the following significant findings were obtained. First, pricing by Stackelberg equilibrium always outperformed that of Nash equilibrium. However the value of the cost parameters played a crucial role in determining both channels' preferred position (price leader or follower). Second, the online seller could benefit more in terms of profit by lowering its efficiency when its efficiency belongs to a certain interval. Third, when the online seller's efficiency is low, lowering its delivery cost has no contribution to its profit. To benefit more from lowering its delivery cost, increasing its channel efficiency to a certain level should be preceded.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.574-582
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to investigate the clothing pursuit benefits of female consumers in twenties, and explain the differences in underwear purchase behaviors among them. For data collection, research questionnaires were responded by 232 female consumers living in Busan. The collected data were analyzed by the frequency factor analysis using SPSS 12.0 for Windows, the factor analysis using Varimax, reliability analysis, cluster analysis, ANOVA, Duncan test, and ${\chi}^2$-test. The results of this study were as follows: First, consumers' clothing pursuit benefit was drawn from six factors: Self-esteem, Individuality, Fashion, Brand, Practicality, and Price pursuit. The results of the factor analysis of clothing benefit were divided into four groups: Brand pursuit group, Fashion pursuit group, Self-esteem pursuit group, and Individuality/rationality pursuit group. Second, the results of analysing underwear purchase behaviors among clothing pursuit benefit groups showed significant differences in purchase motive, source of information, evaluation criteria, and purchase practices. The underwear purchase motives were significantly different in diversity purchase factor between the groups; sources of information used for underwear purchase were significantly different in the window display factor. The underwear evaluation criteria were significantly different among the groups in decoration and practicality factors, while purchase practices were significantly different among the groups only in underwear purchasing places.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.139-154
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• 2022

Purpose - This study aims to analyzing of solar power generation cost-benefit. Design/methodology/approach - We analyzed whether there is economic feasibility by selecting parking lots and idle sites located in four areas of Seoul, Gyeonggi, Chungcheong, Jeolla, and Gyeongsang areas nationwide, and analyzing site conditions and installation capacity. Findings - According to the results of the analysis, it was found that there is low profitability in Seoul, Gyeonggi and Chungcheong regions, where the solar radiation was not excellent even if REC is selected through the contract market. However, it is necessary to analyzed the economical validity the profitable validity including environmental benefits (greenhouse gas reduction, NOx, SOx reduction effect) and social benefits (renewable power supply) that is analyzed by income and operating costs which is occurred from electricity sales and REC sales when installing solar power generation facilities. Research implications or Originality - In this study, economic feasibility was evaluated additionally in consideration of environmental and social benefits. In conclusion, it was shown that businesses are not economical when considering only simple financial aspects are also sufficiently economical when it is considering environmental and social benefits.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.1-14
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• 2018

As interest and consumption of luxury goods have become more popular, luxury goods market is growing rapidly. Consumers can acquire psychological satisfaction with material abundance by purchasing and using luxury goods. Also, from the view of corporations, luxury goods have price inelastic characteristics, so they can enjoy price premium and it is good to produce good performance. That is the reason why they should pay much attention to securing luxuriousness. This study examined the establishment of brands luxuriousness in Korean SMEs. First, it examined the world market of luxury goods industry and the present condition of Korean market. Then it identified the constituents of luxuriousness by examining the prior studies and related literatures, and designed a research model based on the theoretical grounds to suggest the methods of brand luxuriousness building of Korean SMEs. Luxuriousness can be defined as the attribute of product that distinguishes luxury goods from other products by consumers' perceptions, and the factor that provides situational benefits that motivate consumers' purchasing behavior. In this study, I identified the sub-dimensions of luxuriousness according to whether there are product related attributes and consumers' benefit in consideration of the problems of existing studies. Product related luxuriousness are classified into superiority(functional benefit) and scarcity(experiential benefit), while non-product related luxuriousness are classified into differentiation(symbolic benefit) and traditionality(exclusive benefit). The following are the ways to build brand luxuriousness. First, company can use product factors. High quality, excellent design, high recognized brand with strong, favorable and unique images can enhance the luxuriousness of brand. Second, company can use price factors. Consumers tend to perceive luxury goods as high-priced items, so lowering the price of product can undermine the luxuriousness of product. Third, company can use distribution factors. It is effective for making consumers to perceive the differentiation and scarcity of luxuriousness through limited distribution channel. In addition, store atmosphere suitable for luxury brands should be created. Fourth, company can use promotion factors. The more consumers are exposed to advertisements, the more positive attitudes toward luxury brands are made, and consumers recognize luxuriousness higher. Price promotion negatively affects consumers' perception of luxuriousness. Fifth, company can use corporate factors. Consumer evaluations of products are influenced not only by the product attributes but also by the corporate association and corporate image surrounding the product. Considering the existing researches, it is possible to enhance the brand luxuriousness through high corporate competence and good corporate reputation. In order to increase the competence of the enterprise, it is useful to approach multidimensionally in relation with the knowledge creation capability. In corporate reputation, the external stakeholders' reputation is important, but the internal members' reputation is also important. Korean SMEs will be able to build brand luxuriousness by establishing marketing strategies as above and/or mix(integrate) them according to the situation.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.141-147
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• 2013

Electricity is a basis for human existence. This paper attempts to analyze the households' willingness to pay (WTP) for the residential electricity use. The WTP for the residential electricity use can be defined as the sum of actual price of and additional WTP for it. The former is easily observed in the market, but the second is not observed and thus should be obtained through a WTP survey of households. To this end, this study conducted a survey of randomly selected 1,000 households in Korea in November 2010. The results indicate that the mean additional WTP for the residential electricity use was estimated to be KRW 11.24 per kWh. Given that the average price of residential electricity was KRW 98.07 per kWh at the time of the survey, the economic benefit from the residential electricity use was computed as KRW 109.31 per kWh. This information can be compared with the cost involved in the supply of one kWh of residential electricity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.29 no.3_4 s.141
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• pp.523-534
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• 2005

This study was to examine the factor structure of pursuing benefit and satisfaction at casual and official wear, to analyze the differences of pursuing benefit, satisfaction, and clothing purchase behavior among the consumer groups segmented by store pursuing benefits, and to provide useful information for establishment of marketing strategies. The subjects were 500 female consumers experienced in purchasing clothes at fashion outlet stores. A total of 500 questionnaires were analyzed with $X^2$-test, ANOVA, factor analysis and Duncan's multiple range test. The results were as follows: 1. Pursuing benefit and satisfaction at casual wear and official wear were composed of 5 factors. 2. Pursuing benefit and satisfaction at casual and offcial wear, and clothing purchasing behavior variables such as informants, frequency of purchase, shopping time, and average monthly expenditure on clothes were significantly different among the 3 segmented groups. Product pursuing group was shown to seek higher level of esthetic feeling, suitability for self image and body, fsshion and symbolic meaning of brand than other groups in casual and official wear and to be most satisfied at symbolic meaning of brand, social recognition, and practicality in casual wear of outlet and at suitability and social recognition in official wear of outlet. Store convenience pursuing group was shown to seek higher level of suitability for self image and body, quality, and practicality than other groups in casual and official wear and to be most satisfied at quality and practicality in casual wear of outlet and at practicality and suitability in of cial wear of outlet. Price pursuing group was shown to seek and to be most satisfied at practicality in casual and official wear of outlet.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.51-67
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• 2011

The purposes of this study were to segment male university students on the basis of benefit sought in clothing, and to investigate knitwear image preference and purchasing behaviors of each segmented market. The research method was a survey and subjects were 249 male university students in Daejeon and Chungnam province. The questionnaire consisted of measurement items for benefit sought in clothing, knitwear image preference, knitwear purchasing behaviors, and subject's demographic attributions. The data were analyzed by Cronbach's ${\alpha}$, factor analysis, cluster analysis, ${\chi}^2$ test, ANOVA and Scheffe test. The results were as follows. First, male university students were segmented into 6 consumer types (practicality pursuit, individuality pursuit, comport pursuit, brand pursuit, social status pursuit, and unconcern type) by benefit sought in clothing. Second, male university students generally preferred dandy image and causal image, however, brand pursuit type more preferred trendy image, and practicality pursuit type more preferred active image than other consumer types. Third, the segmented markets showed many differences on knitwear purchasing behaviors. On clothing selection criteria, practicality pursuit type considered resonable price as important, whereas brand pursuit type considered brand reputation. On fashion information source, individuality pursuit type considered store display and other people's clothing, while unconcern type considered advice from friend and family. On main purchasing place, individuality pursuit type more used speciality store with no brand, whereas brand pursuit type more used department store and brand store than other consumer types. The results of this study supported that benefit sought in clothing can be useful as an effective variable for market segmentation.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.231-257
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• 2016

This study intends to analyze issues of purchasing process in public libraries by the 2014 revised Publication Industry Promotion Agency of Korea and fixed book price. Furthermore, this study suggests future tasks for restoring the intent of revising the laws and toward a better book purchases. The main contents of this study are as follow: 1) preparing the effective methods for selecting book vendor with evaluating the performance not price competition, 2) establishing concept and scope of local bookstore as book vendor for restoring the intent of the activation policy of local bookstore, 3) establishing the well-defined regulation about benefit of the economic dimension.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.27 no.7
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• pp.746-757
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to investigate the internet perceived risk segments in regard to clothing benefits sought, internet shopping attitude, and internet purchase intention. The subjects used for the study were 210 male and 338 female college students. The internet perceived risk consisted of size/defect risk, social psychological risk, privacy risk, delivery risk, and price risk. The clothing benefits sought had impression improvement, fashion, individuality, figure flaws compensation, and comfort factors. The results showed that consumers were segmented by four groups based on internet perceived risk factors : 1) privacy risk group, 2) size risk group. 3) low risk group, and 4) price/social psychological risk group. The four segmented groups differed in regard to clothing benefits sought, internet shopping attitude, and internet purchase intention. For example, in regard to clothing benefits sought, the price/social Psychological risk group sought fashion more than other groups. The low risk group considered figure flaws compensation benefit less important than other groups. Concerning internet shopping attitude, the low risk group had more favorable altitude toward trust, safety, diversity, exchange/return attributes of internet shopping than other groups. The privacy risk group had more favorable attitude toward convenience and price attributes of internet shopping. Regarding internet purchase intention, the low risk group had higher intention to purchase formal, casual, and sportswear. The size risk group had higher intention to purchase fashion accessories. Further group differences and implications of the results were discussed.