• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.83-95
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• 2016

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major medical challenge affecting around 200 million people worldwide. The main site of HCV replication is the hepatocytes of the liver. HCV is a positive enveloped RNA virus from the flaviviridae family. Six major HCV genotypes are implicated in the human infection. In developed countries the children are infected mainly through vertical transmission during deliveries, while in developing countries it is still due to horizontal transmission from adults. Minimal nonspecific and brief symptoms are initially found in approximately 15% of children. Acute and chronic HCV infection is diagnosed through the recognition of HCV RNA. The main objective for treatment of chronic HCV is to convert detected HCV viremia to below the detection limit. Children with chronic HCV infection are usually asymptomatic and rarely develop severe liver damage. Therefore, the benefits from current therapies, pegylated-Interferon plus ribavirin, must be weighed against their adverse effects. This combined treatment offers a 50-90% chance of clearing HCV infection according to several studies and on different HCV genotype. Recent direct acting antiviral (DAA) drugs which are well established for adults have not yet been approved for children and young adults below 18 years. The most important field for the prevention of HCV infection in children would be the prevention of perinatal and parenteral transmission. There are areas of focus for new lines of research in pediatric HCV-related disease that can be addressed in the near future.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.2689-2694
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• 2016

Background: Most studies of human papilloma virus (HPV) are aimed at the natural history of the infection and its relation to cancer; however, there are few studies to assess knowledge of the general population. Our aim was analyze the degree of knowledge of Argentinians about HPV infection and its prevention. Materials and Methods: We conducted a voluntary, anonymous and non-binding survey with 27 multiple-choice items, in twelve private and public establishments, selected to include a broad population in terms of education, age and gender. The survey consisted of three sections: individual characteristics of the volunteer, HPV infection basic knowledge, its prevention and the virus relationship with other cancers. Results: One thousand two hundred ninety seven volunteers aged 18 to 80 participated. The total number of correct answers was 45.1%. The correct answers for relationship HPV and cervical cancer was 62.1%. Almost 55% did not know about types of HPV that the vaccines for protection. Statistical analysis showed that women, single people, workers, the better educated, those who have had a STDs or HPV and receiving information through medical or educational establishments had greater knowledge of the topic. Only 0.2% of participants answered all questions correctly. Conclusions: Knowledge plays an important role in health care and the deficiency found in our population could influence the success of the measures taken in the fight against cervical cancer. In this regard, we believe it would be appropriate, not only to emphasize early diagnosis and vaccine implementation, but also incorporate new communication strategies, facilitating reception of accurate and precise information by all strata of society.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제8권11호
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• pp.189-202
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• 2008

본 연구의 목적은 병원 물리치료사들의 병원감염에 대한 인식도와 실천도를 조사하고 인식도와 실천도에 영향을 미치는 요인을 분석하여 물리치료실 내 병원감염 관리 프로그램 및 정책 수립을 위한 자료를 제공하고자 하는데 있다. 본 연구의 자료는 405명의 물리치료사로부터 수집하여 분석하였다. 본 연구에서는 일반적 특성, 병원감염에 대한 교육 상태 및 교육의 필요성 그리고 병원감염을 예방하기 위한 인식도와 실천도 등을 묻는 리커트 5점 척도의 자기 기입식 설문지를 사용하였다. 연구의 결과 물리치료사들의 병원감염 교육은 거의 이루어지지 않고 있었으며 이러한 교육 결여로 인해 물리치료사들의 병원감염 예방에 대한 인식도 및 실천도는 매우 낮은 실정이었으나 물리치료사들의 병원감염 프로그램의 필요성 인식과 병원감염 교육에 대한 요구는 매우 높은 수준이었다. 따라서 현행 물리치료학과 교육 중, 병원감염에 대한 교육 프로그램이 도입되어야 할 것으로 사료되며 이와 더불어 물리치료실을 운영하는 병원에서도 물리치료실의 병원감염 관리에 대한 교육 프로그램의 수립이 필요한 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.275-284
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• 2005

The present study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of Eimeria infection according to anti-coccidiosis drugs treatment in 1,300 slaughtered chickens from 130 farms in Gyeongnam, Jeonnam, Jeonbuk, Gyeongbuk and Chungnam during the period from October 2002 to August 2003. The prevalence of Eimeria infection by drug administration for treatment and prevention or non-administration was shown $71.4\%,\;82.6\%\;and\;72.3\%$, respectively, and so infection rate of chicken farms was similar independent on drug administration or not. The prevalence of Oocysts infection level of chicken farms by administrated drug for treatment was shown lower $(25.3\%)$ than for prevention $(35.4\%)$ and non-treatment $(36.2\%)$. The prevalence of Oocysts infection level by drug administration under 2 days for treatment was shown higher infection rate $(32.2\%)$ than over 3 days $(20\%)$ and also under 2 days for prevention has similar tendency of that of treatment and so, it was conclusion that administration of drug over 3 days has the effect for treatment and prevention of Eimeria infection. The prevalence of Oocysts infection level by age for prevention has various level from $48.8\%\;to\;22.9\%$ but on $22\~25$ days was shown the most higher ratio $(48.8\%)$ and on $19\~21$ days was shown the lowest rate $(22.9\%)$ among the all age groups.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.879-883
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• 2012

Cervical cancer is caused by HPV infection and can be prevented by early vaccination. Objective: To assess Syrian women's level of knowledge and determinants of good knowledge of cervical cancer, HPV infection and its vaccines. Methods: A cross sectional survey was undertaken among mothers with daughters in sixth grade classes enrolled in primary schools in Aleppo city, Syria. Samples were selected through cluster sampling and data collected using a self-administered questionnaire. Results: Less than a third of the mothers had heard of HPV infection and vaccines against cervical cancer and levels of knowledge were generally low. Good knowledge was associated with high education level, higher family monthly income, having few - less than four children, positive history of cervical cancer screening, and working or having relatives working in the medical field. The main source of information was television and few reported health care providers as a source of knowledge on HPV infection and vaccine. Conclusion: Since knowledge of HPV infection and its connection with cervical cancer and its vaccine are low, more efforts must be made to educate Syrians prior to introduction of any HPV vaccination programme. Public health efforts must focus on educating mothers, the public as well as health care providers.

• 의료ㆍ복지 건축 : 한국의료복지건축학회 논문집
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.27-38
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• 2022

Purpose: This study tried to present basic data for establishment of facility guidelines and facility certification standards for the comprehensive prevention of infectious diseases in buildings. Methods: This study examines the concept of architectural countermeasures for the prevention of infectious diseases through literature reviews, and then classifies and organizes the countermeasures by viewing the infectious diseases hospitals as the top-level facility in terms of responding to infectious diseases. Results: At first, this study categorized and organized infection prevention countermeasures of infectious disease hospitals, which are the highest level facilities in terms of response to infectious diseases. And by presenting the concept of step-by-step setting of countermeasures for general buildings such as welfare facilities and multi-use facilities, which are lower-level facilities in the aspect of prevention of infectious diseases, this study tried to present basic data for establishing facility guidelines and facility certification standards for comprehensive prevention of infectious diseases in buildings. Implications: In the future, it is expected that spatial changes for the prevention of infectious diseases will spread to general constructions such as public buildings, private buildings, and multi-use facilities, and comprehensive infection prevention facility guidelines are needed.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권11호
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• pp.4593-4596
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• 2015

Background: Opisthorchis viverrini (OV) infection is the main risk factor for cholangiocarcinoma and is often found in Northeastern Thailand. The prevalence of OV infection and the incidence of cholangiocarcinoma are major public health problems in this region. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to identify factors associated with OV infection among people in Nong Khai Province in order to develop a prevention programme in the community. Materials and Methods: The data were collected in July 2013. Stool specimens were examined for intestinal parasites within hours after collection using a normal saline wet preparation and the modified Kato-Katz technique. A case-control study was conducted to collect information about demographic data, the habit of eating unsafely prepared fish, the safe disposal of waste food, and the practice of defaecating in fields. Structured questionnaires were used to interview 351 participants (117 cases and 234 controls) in a random selection of 30 villages across Nong Khai Province. Multiple logistic regression was used to identify risk factors for OV infection. Results: In the multivariate analysis, the results showed that the factors which had a statistically significant association with OV infection were the habit of consuming unsafely prepared fish ($OR_{adj}=5.17$, 95%CI=2.49-10.74), the similar habit of family members ($OR_{adj}=3.25$, 95%CI=1.63-6.49), a history of O. viverrini infection ($OR_{adj}=5.64$, 95%CI=2.10-15.18), a history of taking praziquantel ($OR_{adj}=5.66$, 95%CI=3.11-10.29), and the unsafe disposal of waste food ($OR_{adj}=2.1$, 95%CI=1.10-3.80). Conclusions: The findings of this study highlight the features on which a community programme should focus in order to reduce the prevalence of opisthorchiasis and incidence of bile duct cancer.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.187-198
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• 2020

본 연구의 목적은 일개 지역 요양병원 간병인의 일반적 특성, 감염관리 특성, 감염예방지식과 감염관리환경을 확인하고 감염관리 수행도에 미치는 요인을 확인하는데 있다. 연구대상자는 일개 지역 8개 요양병원의 간병인 197명이며, 자료수집은 자가기입 설문지를 이용하였으며, 2018년 8월에 진행되었다. 자료분석은 SPSS WIin 20.0을 이용하여 t-test, ANOVA, pearson's correlation coefficient, hierarchial multiple stepwise로 분석하였다. 연구결과 감염 예방지식은 감염관리수행도와 유의한 상관관계(p<.001)가 있었다. 요양병원 간병인의 감염관리수행도 영향요인은 70세 이상(t=2.50, p=.013), 8시간 근무(t=-2.62, p=.010), 1등급(t=2.48, p=.014), 감염예방지식(t=2.96 p=.003)이었으며, 제 변수들은 요양병원 간병인 감염관리수행도의 12.9%를 설명(F=6.70, p<.001)하였다. 본 연구결과는 요양병원 간병인의 감염관리수행도 영향요인을 확인함으로써 추후 간병인의 감염관리수행도 향상을 위한 교육프로그램 개발과 요양병원의 감염관리 수준을 향상시키는데 기초자료가 될 수 있다.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.2.1-2.18
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• 2022

Background: Co-infections of the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and the Haemophilus parasuis (HPS) are severe in Chinese pigs, but the immune response genes against co-infected with 2 pathogens in the lungs have not been reported. Objectives: To understand the effect of PRRSV and/or HPS infection on the genes expression associated with lung immune function. Methods: The expression of the immune-related genes was analyzed using RNA-sequencing and bioinformatics. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected and identified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), immunohistochemistry (IHC) and western blotting assays. Results: All experimental pigs showed clinical symptoms and lung lesions. RNA-seq analysis showed that 922 DEGs in co-challenged pigs were more than in the HPS group (709 DEGs) and the PRRSV group (676 DEGs). Eleven DEGs validated by qRT-PCR were consistent with the RNA sequencing results. Eleven common Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways related to infection and immune were found in single-infected and co-challenged pigs, including autophagy, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, and antigen processing and presentation, involving different DEGs. A model of immune response to infection with PRRSV and HPS was predicted among the DEGs in the co-challenged pigs. Dual oxidase 1 (DUOX1) and interleukin-21 (IL21) were detected by IHC and western blot and showed significant differences between the co-challenged pigs and the controls. Conclusions: These findings elucidated the transcriptome changes in the lungs after PRRSV and/or HPS infections, providing ideas for further study to inhibit ROS production and promote pulmonary fibrosis caused by co-challenging with PRRSV and HPS.

• 대한치위생과학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.19-27
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• 2021

Background: The present study aimed to gather basic data for the development of an educational tuberculosis prevention program for prospective dental hygienists by understanding the level of knowledge, attitudes, and preventive behaviors related to tuberculosis for students in the Department of Dental Hygiene, who need preventive access to tuberculosis infection. Methods: The present study used a self-reported questionnaire on knowledge, attitudes, and preventive behaviors regarding tuberculosis, which was administered to dental hygiene students attending D University located in D city. Results: The average knowledge regarding tuberculosis was 16.17 ± 6.14, out of 30 points. Attitude regarding tuberculosis averaged 48.59 points (± 4.46), out of 60 points, and the degree of preventive behavior was 46.29 points (± 5.0), out of 60 points. Third year students ranked highest for knowledge regarding, attitude toward, and infection prevention behaviors of tuberculosis, compared to those in their first or second year (F = 7.20, p = 0.000). Those who had experienced tuberculosis themselves or with their relatives had higher attitudes toward tuberculosis than those who did not (F = 2.32, p = 0.02). Additionally, the higher the knowledge (β = 0.209, p = 0.004) and attitude (β = 0.425, p = 0.000) about tuberculosis, the higher the level of tuberculosis infection prevention behavior. Conclusion: Based on the results of the present study, it appears to be necessary to provide practical education to ensure that all students in dental hygiene are equipped with knowledge about tuberculosis, and that as a dental hygienist in carrying out dental hygiene management with a changed attitude, the act of preventing tuberculosis infection can be appropriately performed.