• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.3-8
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• 1994

An experiment on the expression and dewatering of chinese cabbage was conducted in order to investigate its dewatering behavior. Chopped cabbage was packed into cylinder and pressed by piston upto the predetermined pressure on Instron-1000. The rates of dewatering were affected domintantly by the applied pressure, but not significantly by the packed amount of cabbage in the cylinder. The pressure effect was increased very abruptly at first, but the increase rate was very low at high pressure greater than 20 MPa, showing great deviation from linear dependence of flow rate on pressure in Darcy's Law. Therefore, water expression from cabbage was not Newtonian flow of water through cell wall. In fact, the squeezed water contained a lot of solid particles, about 3% of solid cabbage particles, showing destruction of cell wall. It appeared that compression and dewatering of vegetable wastes in the low pressure. under 20 MPa, is more desirable for later treatment of the dewater. More researches are needed in order to develop a treatment method for the solid particles in the expressed water before an expeller treatment system can be applied to vegetable wastes.

• Journal of Power System Engineering
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.83-89
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• 2006

Recently, the seriousness of high blood pressure was appeared as the most frequent disease of a the whole sickness in the world. However, the treatment of this disease is uncertain and produces an adverse reaction of a medicine therapy. Also, the patients are burdened with a fee for medical treatment. Therefore, in this paper, we studied effectively and financially to execute the treatment of high blood pressure using the Chinese medicine theorem that is recently arousing the great interest of the people. The main theories in this paper are blood vessel theory and acupuncture, respectively. Especially, the composed circuit systems are classified the blood pressure depressor part and the meridian points discrimination part, respectively. The blood pressure depressor part is composed generally of low-frequency generation circuit, charging-discharging circuit, and micro-computer circuit. Finally, this research have the advantage of discrimination parts such as regular voltage generating circuit, stimulus circuit, amplifying circuit, and alarm circuit.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.21-24
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• 2002

One of the factors influences on microstructure of semi-solid product is forging pressure. Generally, the more forging pressure makes the more fine microstructure in semi-solid compression test. The microstructure and mechanical properties were investigated according to the forging pressure. The applied pressure is 110MPa, 140MPa and 170MPa, respectively. Heat treatment conditions also influence to the microstructure and mechanical properties of semi-solid product. T6 heat treatment was performed and the evaluation of microstructure and mechanical properties was investigated according to the aging time in T6 heat treatment.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.12-18
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• 2003

Objectives : Hypertension is very prevalent disease, and causes serious cardiovascular complications. Nowadays optimal hypertension treatment is emphasized to reduce the incidence of cardiovascular complications. Auricular acupuncture therapy is economical, safe and effective. Its clinical application is various, and it can be used to control blood pressure. So The effect of auricular acupuncture therapy was investigated. Daily variation of blood pressure during needle-embedded period and variation of blood pressure by blood pressure classification were observed. Methods : The auricular acupuncture points we used were Gangapjeom (降壓點), Sinmun (神門), Gyogam (交感), Sim(心), and Icheom (耳尖). Auricular acupuncture needles were embedded for three days. Blood pressure was checked four times per day and the mean obtained. Results : The following results were obtained : 1. During needle-embedded period, systolic and diastolic blood pressure decreased. Blood pressure decreased most significantly 2 days after treatment. 2. The change of blood pressure in the higher blood pressure group was more remarkable than that of the lower blood pressure group. Conclusions : Through this research, auricular acupuncture therapy is considered as an effective and safe method to lower blood pressure.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.211-220
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• 2015

Objectives : We report two cases of pressure ulcer patients to show the efficacy of treatment with acupuncture and Light Enitting Diode(LED) light therapy. Methods : We treated two pressure ulcer patients with acupuncture, LED light therapy, herbal medication and with a simple dressing. LED light with up to $4J/cm^2$ of energy irradiated the pressure ulcer site once a day for fifteen minutes. All patients received acupuncture treatment and simple dressing for wound care. We measured phase change of the pressure ulcer in terms of ulcer size, The National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel(NPUAP) stage and with the The Pressure Ulcer Scale for Healing(PUSH) tool(3.0). Results & Conclusions : In each of the two cases, pressure ulcer size and total score of the PUSH tool decreased and NPUAP stage was improved from II to I. This shows that acupuncture treatment and LED light therapy may have a considerable effect in healing on the pressure ulcer.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.441-454
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• 2022

This study aimed to determine the effect of enzyme, guar gum, and pressure processing on the digestibility and physicochemical properties of age-friendly liver sausages. Liver sausages were manufactured by adding proteolytic enzyme (Bromelain) and guar gum, and pressure-cooking (0.06 MPa), with the following treatments: control, without proteolytic enzyme; T1, proteolytic enzyme; T2, proteolytic enzyme and guar gum; T3, pressure-cooking; T4, proteolytic enzyme and pressure-cooking; T5, proteolytic enzyme, guar gum, and pressure-cooking. The pH was high in the enzyme- and pressure-processed groups. The pressure-processed groups had lower apparent viscosity than other cooking groups, and it decreased during enzyme treatment. Hardness was lower in the enzyme- and pressure-processed groups than in the control, and the T4 was the lowest. Digestibility was the highest in T4 at 82.58%, and there was no significant difference with that in T5. The general cooking group with enzyme and guar gum also showed higher digestibility than the control (77.50%). As a result of the sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the enzyme- and pressure-treated groups (T4, T5) were degraded more into low-molecular-weight peptides (≤37 kDa) than the control and other treatments. Viscoelasticity showed similar trends for viscous and elastic moduli. Similarly, combined pressure processing and enzymatic treatment decreased viscoelasticity, while guar gum increased elasticity but decreased viscosity. Therefore, the tenderized physical properties and improved digestibility by enzyme and pressurization treatment could be used to produce age-friendly spreadable liver sausages.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.61-72
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• 2014

Study on effluent organic matter (EfOM) characteristic and removal efficiency is required, because EfOM is important in regard to the stability of effluents reuse, quality issues of artificial recharge and water conservation of aqueous system. UV technology is widely used in wastewater treatment. Many reports have been conducted on microbial disinfection and micro pollutant reduction with UV treatment. However, the study on EfOM with UV has limited because low/medium pressure UV lamp is not sufficient to affect refractory organics. The high intensity of pulsed UV would mineralize EfOM itself as well as change the characteristics of EfOM. Chlorine demand and DBPs formation is affected on the changed amounts and properties of EfOM. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect on EfOM, chlorine residual, and chlorinated DBPs formation with low pressure and pulsed UV treatment. The removal of organic matter through low pressure UV treatment is insignificant effect. Pulsed UV treatment effectively removes/transforms EfOM. As a result, the chlorine consumption is changed and chlorine DBPs formation is decreased. However, excessive UV treatment caused problems of increasing chlorine consumption and generating unknown by-products.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.317-324
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• 2013

Radio-frequency driven atmospheric pressure plasma using argon gas was studied in the inactivation of Campylobacter jejuni in order to investigate its applicability. First, the inactivation study was conducted on an agar surface. C. jejuni NCTC11168 was reduced by more than 7 Log CFU after an 88 s treatment. Another strain, ATCC49943, was studied; however, the inactivation was less efficient, with a 5 Log CFU reduction after a 2 min treatment. Then, chicken breast ham was studied at the $10^6$ CFU inoculation level. The inactivation efficiency was much lower for both strains compared to that on the agar plates. C. jejuni NCTC11168 and ATCC49943 were reduced by 3 Log CFU after a 6 min treatment and by 1.5 Log CFU after a 10 min treatment, respectively. The scanning electron microscopy analysis indicated that C. jejuni cells were deformed or transformed into coccoid form under the plasma treatment. During the plasma treatment, the temperature of the samples did not rise above $43^{\circ}C$, suggesting that heat did not contribute to the inactivation. Meanwhile, water activity significantly decreased after a 10 min treatment (p<0.05). This study conveyed that radio-frequency atmospheric pressure plasma can effectively inactivate C. jejuni with strain-specific variation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2012.08a
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• pp.268-268
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• 2012

Atmospheric pressure microwave induced plasmas are used to excite and ionize chemical species for elemental analysis, for plasma reforming, and for plasma surface treatment. Microwave plasma differs significantly from other plasmas and has several interesting properties. For example, the electron density is higher in microwave plasma than in radio-frequency (RF) or direct current (DC) plasma. Several types of radical species with high density are generated under high electron density, so the reactivity of microwave plasma is expected to be very high [1]. Therefore, useful applications of atmospheric pressure microwave plasmas are expected. The surface characteristics of SUS304 stainless steel are investigated before and after surface modification by microwave plasma under atmospheric pressure conditions. The plasma device was operated by power sources with microwave frequency. We used a device based on a coaxial transmission line resonator (CTLR). The atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ) in the case of microwave frequency (880 MHz) used Ar as plasma gas [2]. Typical microwave Pw was 3-10 W. To determine the optimal processing conditions, the surface treatment experiments were performed using various values of Pw (3-10 W), treatment time (5-120 s), and ratios of mixture gas (hydrogen peroxide). Torch-to-sample distance was fixed at the plasma edge point. Plasma treatment of a stainless steel plate significantly affected the wettability, contact angle (CA), and free energy (mJ/$m^2$) of the SUS304 surface. CA and ${\gamma}$ were analyzed. The optimal surface modification parameters to modify were a power of 10 W, a treatment time of 45 s, and a hydrogen peroxide content of 0.6 wt% [3]. Under these processing conditions, a CA of just $9.8^{\circ}$ was obtained. As CA decreased, wettability increased; i.e. the surface changed from hydrophobic to hydrophilic. From these results, 10 W power and 45 s treatment time are the best values to minimize CA and maximize ${\gamma}$.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.232-237
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• 2009

Norovirus surrogate (feline calicivirus) was inactivated by treatment at 50,000 psi for 60 sec by 6.8-$log_{10}TCID_{50}mL^{-1}$. Tissue obtained from oyster (digestive gland, gill and mantle) was qualitatively destroyed and distorted by treatment at pressure greater than 5,000 psi for 60 sec. High pressure treatment induced progressive changes in the color of the oyster adductor muscle. High pressure treatment effectively reduced norovirus surrogate but induced conformational changes in the tissue and color of oyster flesh.