• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.280-287
• /
• 2016

Purpose: This study was to evaluate the effects of information on anxiety, blood pressure and pulse in cerebral angiography clients. Methods: The data were collected from June to November 2014. The participants were 42 (21 each for experimental and control group) patients who to received cerebral angiography. The information developed from researchers' materials for cerebral angiography was provided only to experimental group. Measured variables were anxiety, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and pulse rate. Research tools for anxiety were Spielberger's state anxiety inventory, and 10 point visual analogue scale (VAS). Results: The difference in mean systolic blood pressure after intervention between the experimental group ($129{\pm}15.34$) and the control group ($141{\pm}17.70$) was statistically significant (t=-2.28, p=.028). The differences between the two groups in state anxiety, VAS anxiety, diastolic blood pressure, and pulse rate after intervention were not statistically significant (p>.05). Conclusion: The information using educational material was effective in to decreasing systolic blood pressure in patients who received cerebral angiography. Therefore this study material could be used as a nursing intervention for patients in cerebral angiography.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.236-250
• /
• 2000

Compression ignition direct injection diesel engines employed a high pressure injection system have been developed as a measure to improve a fuel efficiency and reduce harmful emissions. In order to understand the effects of the pressure variation, many experimental works have been done, however there are many difficulties to get data in engine condition. This work gives numerical results for the high pressure effects on spray characteristics in wide or limited space with near walls. The gas phase is modelled by Eulerian continuum conservation equations of mass, momentum, energy and fuel vapour fraction. The liquid phase is modelled using the discrete droplet model approach in Lagrangian form and the drop behavior on a wall is calculated with a new droplet-wall interaction model based on the experiments observing individual drops. The droplet distributions, vapour fractions and gas flows are shown in various injection pressure cases. In free spray case which the injection spray has no wall impaction, the spray dispersion and vapour fraction increase and drop sizes decrease with increasing injection pressure. The same phenomena appears more clearly in wall impaction cases.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.29 no.6
• /
• pp.783-792
• /
• 2005

The purpose of this research is to develop appropriate Insole according to foot characteristics of female adults. This research concentrates on proving the effectiveness of Insole on resolving foot discomforts by analyzing the differences between the fitting and foot pressure before and after wearing Insole. Among 216 female testers of previous research, six testers wear selected and placed into six different groups classified according to foot discomforts and foot characteristics. After wearing Insole, the results indicates that the entire groups represented the improvement of fitting and the mitigation of foot discomfort. The results of foot pressure experiment shows that the maximum pressure of foot spreads out evenly after wearing Insole, which indicates the effectiveness of Insole. This efficacy works particularly well for foot testers of second and sixth group. The results indicate that group 6, which consist of the flat-footed and the old, have more noticeable effects derived from Insole, whereas group 3 and 5 do not, due to its constitution of people with fairly normal feet. Furthermore, it was evident that maximum pressure played a major role in proving the beneficial effects of Insole, one of which is to scatter the maximum pressure of heel away and lessen the foot pressure of plantar.

• Wind and Structures
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.25-48
• /
• 2002

Wind flow and pressure on the roof of the Texas Tech Experimental Building are studied along with the incident wind in an effort to understand the wind-structure interaction and the mechanisms of roof pressure generation. Two distinct flow phenomena, cornering vortices and separation bubble, are investigated. It is found for the cornering vortices that the incident wind angle that favors formation of strong vortices is bounded in a range of approximately 50 degrees symmetrical about the roof-corner bisector. Peak pressures on the roof corner are produced by wind gusts approaching at wind angles conducive to strong vortex formation. A simple analytical model is established to predict fluctuating pressure coefficients on the leading roof corner from the knowledge of the mean pressure coefficients and the incident wind. For the separation bubble situation, the mean structure of the separation bubble is established. The role of incident wind turbulence in pressure-generation mechanisms for the two flow phenomena is better understood.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
• /
• v.7 no.3
• /
• pp.44-60
• /
• 2018

This study is to identify the effects of hypertension management program at a community health center on the disease-related knowledge, self-efficacy, anthropometric measurements and blood pressure of a hypertensive patient in local community. This study is a quasi-experimental study using nonequivalence control group no-synchronized design in order to verify the effects of the hypertension management program at a community health center on the hypertension-related knowledge, self-efficacy, anthropometric measurements and blood pressure of a hypertensive patient in local community. The result indicated a significant difference between the experimental group and control group in the scores of hypertension-related knowledge (t=-4.25, p<.001), self-efficacy (t=-4.20, p<.001), systolic blood pressure (t=7.70, p<.001) and diastolic blood(t=5.91, p<.001), body weight(t=2.32, p=.026) and abdominal circumference(t=2.17, p=.036). The hypertensive patients' knowledge and self-efficacy were improved, and their weight and abdominal circumference as well as systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure were reduced. Therefore, it was confirmed that multilateral approaches in terms of physical and psychosocial aspects only targeting hypertensive patients were required for managing hypertensive patients in local community.

• International Journal of Fluid Machinery and Systems
• /
• v.3 no.1
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 2010

The present study is a fundamental approach to develop the measuring technology for minute fluctuating pressures on the three-dimensional blade surfaces of the fan which rotates with an arbitrary rotation-axis direction. In this situation, we are required to correct the centrifugal-force effect, the gravitational-force effect and the other leading-error effects for accurate measurements of the minute pressures. The working fluid is air. A pressure transducer rotating with an arbitrary attitude is closely sealed by a twofold shroud system. The rotational motion with an arbitrary attitude is produced by fixing the pressure transducer to the cantilever which is connected to a motor-driven disc of 500mm in diameter and 5mm in thickness. As a result, we have quantitatively determined main governing effects upon the non-effective component of the pressure-transducer signal.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
• /
• v.54 no.5
• /
• pp.49-55
• /
• 2012

In order to derive the efficient utilization of low pressure compressed air fogging system, cooling efficiencies with control types were analyzed through cooling experiments in tomato greenhouses. The control types were set up with temperature control, humidity control, temperature and humidity control, and time control. It showed that the cooling effects were 0.7 to $3.3^{\circ}C$ on average and maximum of 4.3 to $7.0^{\circ}C$, the humidification effects were 3.5 to 13.5 % on average and maximum of 14.3 to 24.4 %. Both the cooling and humidification effect were the highest in the time control method. The cooling efficiency of the air fogging system was not high with 8.3 to 27.3 % on average. However, the cooling efficiency of 24.6 to 27.3 % which appears from the time control is similar to the cooling efficiency of high pressure fogging system experimented in Japan. The air fogging system is operated by low pressure, but its efficiency is similar to high pressure. We think because it uses compressed air. From this point of view, we suggest that the air fogging system can get the cooling efficiency of similar levels to that of high pressure fogging system and it will have an advantage from clogging problem of nozzle etc.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
• /
• v.21 no.5
• /
• pp.637-649
• /
• 1997

Effects of cone angle, pressure-hole orientation and Reynolds number on the five-hole probe calibration have been investigated for eight large-scale conical five-hole probes, which have either perpendicular pressure holes or forward-facing pressure holes for the cone angles of 45 deg, 60 deg, 75 deg and 90.deg. Pitch and yaw angles are changed from -40 deg to +40 deg with an interval of 5 deg, respectively, when the probe Reynolds numbers are 1.77*10$^{4}$, 3.53*10$^{4}$ and 7.06*10$^{4}$. The result shows that larger cone angle results in more sensitive changes in the calibration coefficients. In the case that the cone angle is 45 deg, the pitch-angle and yaw-angle coefficients of the five-hole probe with the perpendicular pressure holes show a very different trend compared with those of the five-hole probe with the forward-facing pressure holes. On the other hand, when the cone angle is more than 60 deg, each calibration coefficient is nearly independent of the pressure-hole orientation. Additionally, the effects of the Reynolds number on the calibration coefficients are also reported in detail.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2021

PURPOSE: This study examined the effects of changes in the head direction (forward, upward 10° and downward 10°) on the quadriceps, center of pressure (COP), and foot pressure during squat exercises. The aim was to determine if the head direction could better activate the quadriceps muscle and provide a safer and stable squat posture during squat exercise. METHODS: Fifteen healthy college students were asked to stand on a Zebris, and three electrodes for sEMG were attached to their vastus medialis oblique (VMO), vastus lateralis (VL), and rectus femoris (RF) muscles. The participants then performed squatting exercises under three head directions (forward, upward 10°, and downward 10°). Surface electrodes were then used to record the EMG data during exercise. The Zebris FDM-SX was used to measure the foot pressure and COP of the participants. RESULTS: In squat exercise, the upward head direction group showed significantly higher VL activation than the downward head direction group (p < .05). The upward head direction group showed a significant backward change in the deviation of the COP than the downward and forward groups (p < .05). The upward head direction group showed a significant decrease in forefoot pressure than the downward and forward groups (p < .05) and an increase in the hindfoot pressure compared to the downward and forward groups (p < .05). CONCLUSION: The head direction upward in squat exercise has a positive effect on the quadriceps.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
• /
• v.38 no.4
• /
• pp.397-408
• /
• 2024

Buried box culverts are crucial elements of transportation infrastructure. However, their behavior under foundation loads is not well understood, indicating a significant gap in existing research. This study aims to bridge this gap by conducting a detailed numerical analysis using the Finite Element Method and Abaqus software. The research evaluates the behavior of buried box culverts by examining their interaction with surrounding soil and the pressures from surface foundation loads. Key variables such as embedment depth, culvert wall thickness, concrete material properties, foundation pressure, foundation width, soil elastic modulus, and friction angle are altered to understand their combined effects on structural response. The methodology employs a validated 2D numerical model under plane strain conditions. Parametric studies highlight the critical role of culvert depth (H) in influencing earth pressure and bending moments. Foundation pressure and width demonstrate complex interdependencies affecting culvert behavior. Variations in culvert materials' elastic modulus show minimal impact. It was found that the lower wall of the buried culvert experiences higher average pressure compared to the other two walls, due to the combined effects of the culvert's weight and down drag forces on the side walls. Furthermore, while the pressure distribution on the top and bottom walls is parabolic, the pressure on the side walls follows a different pattern, differing from that of the other two walls.