• 물과 미래
• /
• 제22권3호
• /
• pp.289-298
• /
• 1989

A review is made of transient phenomena ralation to flow in the vadose zone. Reviewed topics include rapid water table response to rainfall, pulsating flow due to pressure perturbations in the vasoes zone, and the wave-like propagation of increased soil moisture caused by intermittent rainfall. As a basis of interpreting these phenomena, zoning of the vadose zone into a residual water zone, an unsaturated capillaty zone, and a saturated capillary zone are proposed. Possible implications with respect to hydrological processes relating to these phenomena are discussed.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
• /
• 제18권11호
• /
• pp.989-996
• /
• 2012

The purpose of this paper is to analyze GPS (Global Positioning System) satellite orbital mechanics, and then to propose a novel long-term GPS satellite orbit prediction scheme including virtual planet perturbation. The GPS orbital information is a necessary prerequisite to pinpointing the location of a GPS receiver. When a GPS receiver has been shut down for a long time, however, the time needed to fix it before its reuse is too long due to the long-standing GPS orbital information. To overcome this problem, the GPS orbital mechanics was studied, such as Newton's equation of motion for the GPS satellite, including the non-spherical Earth effect, the luni-solar attraction, and residual perturbations. The residual perturbations are modeled as a virtual planet using the least-square algorithm for a moment. Through the modeling of the virtual planet with the aforementioned orbital mechanics, a novel GPS orbit prediction scheme is proposed. The numerical results showed that the prediction error was dramatically reduced after the inclusion of virtual planet perturbation.

• 천문학회보
• /
• 제37권1호
• /
• pp.91.2-91.2
• /
• 2012

Kokubun (1983) reported the local time variation of normalized amplitude of sudden commencement (SC) with a strong day-night asymmetry at geosynchronous orbit with 81 SC events. Further careful inspection of Kokubun's local time distribution reveals that the normalized SC amplitudes in the prenoon sector are larger than those in the postnoon sector. That is, there is a morning-afternoon asymmetry in the normalized SC amplitudes. Until now, however, there are no studies on this SC-associated morning-afternoon asymmetry at geosynchronous orbit. Motivated by this previous observation, we investigate a large data set (422 SC events in total) of geosynchronous SC observations and confirm that the geosynchronous SC amplitudes is larger in the morning sector than in the afternoon sector. This morning-asymmetry is probably caused by the enhancement of partial ring current, which is located in the premidnight sector, due to solar wind dynamic pressure increase. We also examine the latitudinal and seasonal variations of the normalized SC amplitude. We find that the SC-associated geosynchronous magnetic field perturbations are dependent on the magnetic latitude and season of the year. This may be due to the location of the magnetopause and cross-tail currents enhanced during SC interval with respect to geosynchronous spacecraft position.

• 한국분무공학회지
• /
• 제3권2호
• /
• pp.1-13
• /
• 1998

A theoretical and experimental study was carried out to predict the drop size distribution of the pressure swirl atomizer. Various analytical methods using the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability theory were tried to examine the wave growth on cylindrical liquid sheets. Cylinderical liquid sheets were extended to the case with the conical sheets. Perturbations due to tangential motion as well as longitudinal one were taken into account. And it was assumed that the breakup occurs when amplitude ratio exceeds exp(12), drop sizes were predicted only by theoretical approach. Drop size distribution was obtained by using maximum entropy formalism. Seven constraints in the form of the definition of mean diameter were used in this formulation in order to avoid the difficulties of estimating source terms. In this study $D_{10}$ only was introduced into the formulation as a constraint. The predicted drop size and drop size distribution agreed well with the measured data.

• 한국추진공학회지
• /
• 제18권2호
• /
• pp.16-26
• /
• 2014

연소 시, 입자상 물질에 대한 HTPB/AP 계열 고체추진제의 음향특성을 정량화하기 위해서, Pulsed DB/AB T-burner 실험을 수행하였다. 추진제 전면에서 동시 점화를 위해, 대상 고체추진제보다 연소속도가 빠른 다른 고체추진제를 대상 추진제 앞면에 부착하였다. 다량의 알루미늄이 포함된 고체추진제에서는 T-burner 내부에서 만들어진 압력섭동에 의한 음향학적 불안정성이 매우 빠르게 감쇠되었고, 반대로 알루미늄이 포함되지 않은 고체추진제에서는 상대적으로 매우 느리게 감쇠함을 확인하였다. 본 연구에서는 음향학적 특성값들을 정량화하였고, 이를 통해 연소응답 특성을 계산하였다.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한기계학회 2002년도 학술대회지
• /
• pp.545-548
• /
• 2002

Turbines have been known to be particularly susceptible to flow-induced self-excited vibration. In such vibrations, direct damping and cross stiffness effects of aerodynamic forces determine rotordynamic stability. In axial turbines with eccentric shrouded rotors, the non-uniform sealing gap causes azimuthal non-uniformities in the seal gland pressure and the turbine torque which destabilize the rotor system. Previously, research efforts focused solely on either the seal flow or the unshrouded turbine passge flow. Recently, a model for flow in a turbine with a statically offset shrouded rotor has been developed and some stiffness predictions have been obtained. The model couples the seal flow to the passage flow and uses a small perturbation approach to determine nonaxiymmetric flow conditions. The model uses basic conservation laws. Input parameters include aerodynamic parameters (e.g. flow coefficient, reaction, and work coefficient); geometric parameters (e.g. sealing gap, depth of seal gland, seal pitch, annulus height); and a prescribed rotor offset. Thus, aerodynamic stiffness predictions have been obtained. However, aerodynamic damping (i.e. unsteady aerodynamic) effects caused by a whirling turbine has not yet been examined. Therefore, this paper presents a new unsteady model to predict the unsteady flow field due to a whirling shrouded rotor in turbines. From unsteady perturbations in velocity and pressure at various whirling frequencies, not only stiffness but also damping effects of aerodynamic forces can be obtained. Furthermore, relative contributions of seal gland pressure asymmetry and turbine torque asymmetry are presented.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
• /
• 제41권2호
• /
• pp.87-94
• /
• 2017

프로펠러와 같은 수중운동체 주변에서 발생하는 공동 현상은 물체를 부식시키고 소음을 발생시키므로, 공학적 측면에서 중요한 문제로 다루어지고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 Clark-Y 수중익형에서 발생하는 공동 현상과 이로 인한 유동 소음을 예측하였다. 공동 예측 결과를 정량적으로는 수중익형 표면의 압력 분포, 정성적으로는 수중익형 주변 공동의 체적분율 변화 양상을 이용하여 비교하였으며, 실험결과 및 선행 연구와 비슷한 경향을 가짐을 확인하였다. 이러한 공동에 의한 유동 소음을 예측하기 위하여 음향상사법을 이용하였으며, 시간에 따른 체적분율 변화를 단극자 소음원으로, 수중 익형 표면에서의 비정상 압력섭동을 이극자 소음원으로 모델링하였다. 소음 예측 결과는 SPL과 방향성을 통해 분석하였고, 계산된 전체 주파수 영역에서 비정상 압력섭동에 의한 소음원이 지배적임을 확인하였다.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
• /
• 제14권1호
• /
• pp.136-141
• /
• 1997

임의의 순간 인공위성의 위치와 속도를 정밀하게 계산하기 위해서는 섭동력을 일으키는 우주공간의 환경을 정확하게 이해하고 분석하여 정량화함으로써 섭동력에 대한 수리적인 모형을 만들어야 한다. 이들 우주환경모델에 의해서 인공위성이 받는 총가속도는 2계 미분방정식으로 표현되며, 이 방정식을 두 번 적분함으로써 원하는 시각에서의 인공위성의 위치와 속도를 얻는 코웰방법을 사용하여 궤도예측 알고리즘을 완성하였다. 정지위성의 궤도에 미치는 주요한 섭동력으로는 지구의 비대칭 중력 포텐셜에 의한 섭동력, 태양과 달의 중력에 의한 섭동력, 태양의 복사압에 의한 섭동력들이 있는데, 그것들의 정밀성을 최대한 높이기 위해 spherical harmonic 계수들을 40 $\times$ 40까지 적용할 수 있도록 했으며, JPL DE 403 ephemeris의 polynomial 내삽을 통해 지구로부터 태양과 달까지의 거리를 정밀하게 계산하였다. 그리고 수치적분 방법으로는 적분간격을 자동으로 조절하는 8계 Runge-Kutta single step 방법을 사용하였다.

• 천문학회보
• /
• 제37권2호
• /
• pp.116.1-116.1
• /
• 2012

When an interplanetary (IP) shock passes over the Earth's magnetosphere, the geosynchronous magnetic field strength near the noon is always enhanced, while the geosynchronous magnetic field near the midnight decreases or increases. In order to understand what determines the positive or negative magnetic field response at nightside geosynchronous orbit to sudden increases in the solar wind dynamic pressure, we have examined 120 IP shock-associated sudden commencements (SC) using magnetic field data from the GOES spacecraft near the midnight (MLT = 2200~0200) and found the following magnetic field perturbation characteristics. (1) There is a strong seasonal dependence of geosynchronous magnetic field perturbations during the passage of IP shocks. That is, the SC-associated geosynchronous magnetic field near the midnight increases (a positive response) in summer and decreases (a negative response) in winter. (2) These field perturbations are dominated by the radial magnetic field component rather than the north-south magnetic field component at nightside geosynchronous orbit. (3) The magnetic elevation angles corresponding to positive and negative responses decrease and increase, respectively. These field perturbation properties can be explained by the location of the cross-tail current enhancement during SC interval with respect to geosynchronous spacecraft position.

• 천문학회보
• /
• 제35권2호
• /
• pp.54-54
• /
• 2010

Interplanetary space is filled with dust particles originating mainly from comets and asteroids. Such interplanetary dust particles lose their angular momentum by olar radiation pressure, causing the dust grains to slowly spiral inward Poynting-Robertson effect). As dust particles move into the Sun under the influence of Poynting-Robertson drag force, they may encounter regions of resonance just outside planetary orbits, and be trapped by their gravities, forming the density enhancements in the dust cloud (circumsolar resonance ring). The circumsolar resonance ring near the Earth orbit was detected in the zodiacal cloud through observations of infrared space telescopes. So far, there is no observational evidence other than Earth because of the detection difficulty from Earth bounded orbit. A Venus Climate Orbiter, AKATSUKI, will provide a unique opportunity to study the Venusian resonance ring. It equips a near-infrared camera for the observations of the zodiacal light during the cruising phase. Here we consider whether Venus gravity produces the circumsolar resonance ring around the orbit. We thus perform the dynamical simulation of micron-sized dust particles released outside the Earth orbit. We consider solar radiation pressure, solar gravity, and planetary perturbations. It is found that about 40 % of the dust particles passing through the Venus orbit are trapped by the gravity. Based on the simulation, we estimate the brightness of the Venusian resonance ring from AKATSUKI's locations.